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Open Access
Effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated condition
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Zala Dashrathbhai Arajanbhai; Dadarwal, R.S
A field experiment entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated condition” was conducted during Rabi 2021-22 at agronomy research area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was done in randomized block design (RBD) with three replication and nine treatments. Treatments were T1: Control, T2: 100% RDF (18:48:0 kg t ha-1), T3: 100% vermicompost (3.00 t ha-1), T4: 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha-1), T5: 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost (1.5 t ha-1), T6: 25% RDF + 75% vermicompost (2.25 t ha-1), T7: 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha-1) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB), T8: 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost (1.5 t ha-1) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) and T9: 25% RDF + 75% vermicompost (2.25 t ha-1) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB). Based on the experiment investigation, it was found that integrated nutrient management had significant effect on the growth parameters (plant height and dry matter accumulation), yield attributing characters (number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod), yield (grain yield, straw yield and biological yield), NPK content in seed and straw, NPK uptake in grain and straw, NPK content in soil after harvest, net returns and benefit-cost ratio of chickpea. Among the different treatments maximum value of these parameters were recorded in the treatment with integration of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha-1) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) which in most of the cases was at par with 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha-1) and 100% RDF (18:48:0 kg t ha-1) but significantly higher to rest of the treatments and the minimum success was obtained in control. While the 100 seed weight and harvest index data were found to be non-significant. Treatment with 100% vermicompost has more K in soil after harvest. Also treatment with 100% RDF has more N and P in soil after harvest.
Open Access
Effect of Bio-stimulant on growth and development of Bt-cotton
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08-16) Saroha, Siddharth; Vinod Kumar
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2021 to study the effect of bio-stimulant on growth and development of Bt Cotton at Cotton Research Area, CCS HAU Hisar, Haryana. The experiment was laidout in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The treatments comprised of two cotton varieties RCH 776 (Bt) and H 1098i (Non Bt) in treatment A with four sprays of bio-stimulants i.e., B1: Bio-stimulant at 30,45 and 60 DAS, B2: Bio stimulant at 45,60 and 75 DAS, B3: DMSO* spray 30,45,60 and 75 DAS and B4: Control water spray-30,45,60 and 75 DAS in treatment B. Cotton variety RCH 776 recorded significantly higher plant height as compared to H 1098i while plant height at harvest was not influenced due to spray of bio-stimulant and DMSO. The number of monopodia, no of sympodia and days to 50% boll brusting were statistically at par with each other in both of the genotypes and with spray of bio-stimulant. Boll weight in RCH 776 was higher as compared to H 1098i whereas boll weight was not significantly affected by spray of bio-stimulant. Significantly higher seed cotton yield was recorded with spray of Bio-stimulant B2 (Bio-stimulant at 45, 60 and 75 DAS) and B1 (Bio-stimulant at 30, 45 and 60 DAS) as compared to rest of the treatments.
Open Access
Response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to various agro-chemicals for moisture stress mitigation under rainfed conditions
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-08) Phogat, Pardeep; Amarjeet
The present investigation entitled “Response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to various agrochemicals for moisture stress mitigation under rainfed conditions” was carried out at Regional Research Station, Bawal, Rewari of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during Kharif 2021. The objectives of the investigation were to study the effect of different agrochemicals on growth and yield; and to work out water use efficiency of mungbean under different treatments. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design (RBD)consisting of ten treatments of agrochemicals and with three replications. The treatments were control (T1), soil application of gondkatira @ 2.5 kg ha-1 (T2), soil application of gond-katira @ 5.0 kg ha-1 (T3), foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) @ 100 ppm at flowering and pod initiation (T4), foliar spray of SA @ 200 ppm at flowering and pod initiation (T5), soil application of gond-katira @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of SA @ 200 ppm at flowering and pod initiation (T6), soil application of gond-katira @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of SA @ 200 ppm at flowering and pod initiation (T7), foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1 % at flowering and pod initiation (T8), soil application of gond-katira @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1 % at flowering and pod initiation (T9) and; soil application of gond-katira @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1 % at flowering and pod initiation (T10). Overall, the results of the one year experimentrevealed that among different agrochemical treatments, foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1 % alone (T8) or in combination with gond-katira @ 2.5 (T9) and 5.0 kg ha-1(T10) significantly improved growth, physiological, phenological and quality parameters; yield attributes, yield, economics; and water use of crop over control. Among different treatments, T10 (soil application of gond-katira @ 5.0 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1 % at flowering and pod initiation) was found most productive and economicalwith 26.1 and 69.4% more seed yield and net returns over control, respectively. Highest water use efficiency of 3.3 kg ha-1 mm-1 was achieved with combination of gond-katira @ 5.0 kg ha-1 and foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1 % at flowering and pod initiation.
Open Access
Growth and yield studies in newly developed wheat varieties under the influence of fertilizers and growth regulators
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08-23) Sumit; Kathwal, Rajesh
An investigation entitled “Growth and yield studies in newly developed wheat varieties under the influence of fertilizers and growth regulators” was conducted during Rabi 2021-22 at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The field experiment was carried out in Split split plot design with eighteen treatment combinations viz., two varieties levels in the main plot, three fertilizer levels in the subplots (F1:100, F2:125 and F3:150 per cent RDF of NPK) and three growth regulator levels in sub sub plots (GR1 : Lihocin at 0.2% + 0.1% Folicur at 55 DAS (jointing stage) and 80-85 DAS (Flag leaf), GR2 : Lihocin at 0.4% + 0.1% Folicur at 55 DAS (jointing stage) and 80-85 DAS (Flag leaf) and GR3 : Control (no spray) replicated thrice. The results revealed that plant height at 60, 90 and 120 DAS was significantly reduced by both the growth regulators i.e., GR1 and GR2. Dry matter and tillers per metre row length was significantly influenced by growth regulator GR1. Fertilizer level F3 improved the tillers per metre row length at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAS whereas in plant height at 60, 90 and 120 DAS. At growth regulator GR1, days to first node (51.7), days to jointing (71.8), days to heading (83.7), days to flowering (96.8), days to milking (110.6 days ) and days to maturity (135 days) came earlier as compared to GR3 (57.5, 76.6, 89.7, 103.8, 116.1 and 140.3 days). Maximum grain yield (5,585 kg ha-1), biological yield (19,127 kg ha-1) and straw yield (13,541 kg ha-1) was recorded at GR2. Maximum BC ratio (2.35 and 2.42) was estimated under fertilizer level F3 and growth regulator GR2. Based on the results achieved in the study, it can be inferred that both the newly developed wheat varieties of wheat i.e., DBW 303 and WH 1270 are at par in terms of yield (5,349 kg ha-1 and 5,454 kg ha-1)
Open Access
Effect of date of sowing and integrated nutrient management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South-West Haryana
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-12) Akshay Kumar; Satyajeet
The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal, Rewari (Haryana) to find out the effect of different date of sowing and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat crop and to compute economics of different treatments. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four dates of sowing (31st October, 7th, 14th and 21st November) in main plots and four nutrient management levels (Control, 100% RDF, 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) and 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) + Azotobacter + PSB) in sub-plots with three replications. Among date of sowing significantly higher growth parameters were recorded under 31st October sown crop as compared to 21st November, which were statistically at par with 7th November sown crop at various growth stages. Crop sown on 31st October took significantly higher number of days to attain 50% flowering and physiological maturity as compared to 21st November. Sowing of wheat on 31st October resulted in significantly higher yield attributes and total N, P and K uptake by crop as compared to 21st November sown crop. Significantly higher grain yield (5017 kg/ha) and straw yield (7361 kg/ha) were recorded under crop sown on 31st October as compared to 21st November, which were statistically at par with 7th and 14th November sown crop. Highest net returns (INR 52071/ha) and B:C (1.63) were obtained from 31st October sown crop followed by 7th, 14th and 21st November. Under integrated nutrient management significantly higher growth parameters were recorded under 100% RDF as compared to control at various growth stages. Significantly higher yield attributes, protein content, total N, P and K uptake by crop were recorded under 100% RDF as compared to control, which were statistically at par with 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) + Azotobacter + PSB. After harvest of crop available N in soil was significantly higher under 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) + Azotobacter + PSB as compared to control. After harvest of crop available K in soil was significantly higher under 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) as compared to control. 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield (5144 kg/ha) and straw yield (7647 kg/ha) as compared to control, which were statistically at par with both the INM treatments (75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) and 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) + Azotobacter + PSB). Highest net returns (INR 57673/ha) and B:C (1.72) were obtained from 100% RDF followed 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) and control.
Open Access
Effect of foliar application of nano-nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat grown under long term FYM amended soil
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-09) Nanda, Akshaya Kumar; Garg, Rajbir
A field experiment entitled “Effect of foliar application of nano-nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat grown under long term FYM amended soil” was conducted during rabi season of 2021-22 at Soil Science Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of a combination of four levels of FYM treatments (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) in main plot, three levels of nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) and two nano- nitrogen treatments (with and without application of nano-nitrogen) in sub-sub plot laid out in split-split-plot design with three replications. The results in general indicated that highest values of crop growth parameters like plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and number of tillers/m2 were recorded with the application of FYM 15 t/ha. The yield attributing characters, wheat yield (grain yield, straw yield and biological yield), nutrient (NPK) uptake by crop were also significantly higher where FYM 15 t/ha was applied in comparison to lower doses. The positive response was observed even at lower doses of FYM in comparison to control. Similarly, application of 120 kg N/ha significantly increased growth parameter, yield and yield attributes as compared to 60 kg N/ha and control treatment. The application of nanonitrogen was also found effective in achieving significantly higher growth, yield attributes and yield than treatment where nano-nitrogen was not applied. The nano-nitrogen also significantly increased the nitrogen content in grain and straw and NPK uptake by the crop. The combined application of FYM 15 t/ha along with 120 kg N/ha and two spray of nano-nitrogen proved the best integrated package recording the highest grain, straw and biological yield of wheat. Gross returns, net returns and benefitcost ratio were also maximum under combined application of 15 t/ha farm yard manure, 120 kg N/ha and nano nitrogen. This study proved that INM practice is the viable and feasible option for increasing the wheat productivity and nano-nitrogen would also be key component of INM practices in the coming years.
Open Access
To evaluate the compatibility and efficacy of post-emergence herbicidal combinations tank mixed with zinc and iron sulphate against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Jitender; Amarjeet
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major cereal food crops of the world. Weeds are one of major biotic factors affecting wheat production significantly and now a days, micronutrients deficiency is also being observed in mostly wheat growing areas. Very less information is available regarding compatibility of herbicides with micronutrients. Field experiment was conducted at RRS, Bawal during Rabiseason of 2018-19 to evaluate the compatibility of post-emergence herbicidal combinations with Zn or/and Fe. Experiment consisted of 18 treatments replicated thrice, was laid outin Randomized Block Design. Four herbicidal combinations viz. clodinafop + metsulfuron@ 60 g/ha, sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron @ 32g/ha, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron @ 14.4 g/ha, pinoxaden + carfentrazone @ (50 + 20g/ha) were evaluated for compatibility with Zn {ZnSO4(0.5%) + urea (2.5%)}, Fe {FeSO4 (0.5%)} and with both Zn as well as Fe {ZnSO4 (0.5 %) + urea (2.5 %) + FeSO4 (0.5 %)}. The results of experiment revealed that all four herbicidal combinations studied were found compatible with Zn and Fe as well. Tank mixing of herbicidal combinations with Zn or Fe exhibited a bit improvement in growth and yield of wheat. While, tank mixing of both Zn and Fe with herbicidal combinations showed significant increase in growth parameters and subsequently grain as well as biological yield of wheat as compared to sole application of respective herbicidal combination. Among all the treatments, application of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (14.4 g/ha) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) + urea (2.5%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) was observed as most productive with highest grain yield (5655 kg/ha) and profitable with highest net returns (Rs. 60973/ha) and B:C (1.88).Satisfactory weed control was observed with all the treatments of herbicidal combinations Tank mixing of Zn and Fe improved the efficacy of herbicidal combinations by improving competitive ability of wheat through better growth resulting into higher weed control efficiency. The uncontrolled weeds caused 34 per cent loss in grain yield.
Open Access
Optimization of seed rate and nitrogen dose for dual purpose barley
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-06) Sharma, Amit; Dhaka, A. K.
A field experiment entitled “Optimization of seed rate and nitrogen dose for dual purpose barley” was conducted during Rabi season 2019-20 at wheat and barley section research area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was comprised of three nitrogen doses (N1-60, N2-75 and N3- 90 kg N/ha) as main plot treatments and four seed rates (S1- 87.5, S2- 100, S3- 112.5 and S4-125.0 kg/ha) as sub plot treatments. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. Based on the research investigation, it was found that nitrogen dose and seed rate both had significantly influenced the growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of dual purpose barley. Among nitrogen doses, 90 kg/ha being at par with 75 kg/ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (4895 kg/ha), biological yield (12220 kg/ha), green fodder yield (3706 kg/ha), net return (₹ 36,589/ha) and B:C (1.57) which were 9.7, 12.0, 15.1, 41.4 and 11.3 percent higher than nitrogen dose of 60 kg/ha, respectively due to higher yield attributes i.e. number of effective tillers (85.08), number of grains per spike (44.15), number of spikelets per spike (23.10), spike length (7.47) and test weight (37.82) with nitrogen dose 90 kg/ha which were 8.5, 5.1, 7.9, 11.4 and 4.8 percent higher than nitrogen dose of 60 kg/ha, respectively. Increase in number of days taken to booting, heading and maturity was recorded with increase in nitrogen doses from 60 to 90 kg/ha. Among seed rates, 125.0 kg/ha closely followed by 112.5 kg/ha recorded significantly higher effective tillers (85.11), grain yield (4922 kg/ha), biological yield (12181 kg/ha), green fodder yield (3729 kg/ha), net return (₹ 34,937/ha) and B:C (1.54), which were 8.0, 11.0, 11.8, 16.7, 25.4 and 6.2 per cent higher than seed rate of 87.5 kg/ha, respectively. So, to obtain higher yield and economic returns for dual purpose barley (green fodder cut at 55 DAS and left after that for grain production), variety BH 946 should be sown using optimum seed rate of 125.0 kg/ha and nitrogen dose of 90 kg/ha.
Open Access
Effect of fertilizer application on productivity and quality of wheat under limited irrigation
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Jasht, Simran; Parihar, M.D
Investigation entitled “Effect of fertilizer application on productivity and quality of wheat under limited irrigation” was conducted during Rabi 2019-20 at Soil Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The field experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with twelve treatment combinations viz., three irrigation levels in the main plot viz., one (CRI), two (CRI and flowering stage) and three irrigations (CRI, late jointing and dough stage) and four fertilizer levels in the subplots (control, 75, 100, 125 per cent RDF) replicated thrice. The results revealed that at 60, 90, 120 DAS and at maturity, application of three irrigation produced the tallest plants (47.9, 93.3, 101.1 and 110.8 cm, respectively), highest number of tillers (127.2, 181.63, 109.36 and 101.69, respectively), dry matter accumulation (51.83, 140.55, 216.28 and 234.40 kg ha-1, respectively). Also, highest LAI (2.78, 4.41 and 3.23) was recorded significantly at 60, 90 DAS and at maturity, respectively with three irrigations followed by two and one irrigation. The highest CGR (6.81, 13.14, 10.22, 2.68 g m-2 day-1) was obtained with three irrigations at 30-60, 60-90, 90-120, 120 DAS up to maturity, respectively. Application of three irrigations resulted highest number of effective tillers per meter row length (91.18), number of grains per spike (46.32), longest spike (10.7 cm), test weight (41.48 g), grain yield (4727 kg ha-1), straw yield (6477 kg ha-1), biological yield (11204 kg ha-1), harvest index (42), protein content (11.22%), cost of cultivation (52975 Rs. ha-1), gross returns (115676 Rs. ha-1), net return (62701 Rs. ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.18). After wheat harvest, soil pH and EC ranged from 7.77 to 7.83 and 0.66 to 0.77 dS m-1, respectively. The highest available N, P and K content in soil (145.3, 16.6 and 306 kg ha-1, respectively) was recorded on application of one irrigation. Incorporation of 125 per cent RDF produced the tallest plants (46.8, 92.6, 102, 112.9 cm), highest number of tillers (132.8, 182.84, 110.27 and 103.93), dry matter accumulation (62.29, 152.21, 237.26 and 255.75 kg ha-1), at 60, 90, 120 DAS and at maturity, respectively. Whereas, 125 per cent RDF recorded highest LAI (2.93, 4.66 and 3.37, respectively) at 60, 90 DAS and at maturity. Plots treated with 125% RDF recorded the highest CGR of 7.62, 13.32, 12.60 and 2.74 g m-2 day-1 during the intervals of 30-60, 60-90, 90-120 days up to maturity, respectively. Application of 125 per cent RDF recorded the highest number of effective tillers per meter row length (91.98), number of grains per spike (49.64), spike length (10.98 cm), test weight (42.74 g), grain yield (4828 kg ha-1), straw yield (6432 kg ha-1), biological yield (11263 kg ha-1), harvest index (42.6) and protein content (11.88%), available N, P and K (150.1, 16.7 and 320 kg ha-1, respectively), cost of cultivation (60965 Rs. ha-1), gross returns (117047 Rs. ha-1), net return (56082 Rs. ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.92) after wheat harvest. From the above study, it may be concluded that the application of 125 per cent RDF and three irrigation levels increased yield, nutrient use efficiency, water use efficiency and also, improved quality of wheat and soil health. This field experiment can be performed on long term basis to evaluate the precise effect of irrigation at critical stages on quality and productivity of wheat in semi-arid areas.

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