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2019 - 20202
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Amandeep Kaur × Start date: 1999 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties for grain yield and malt quality at various nitrogen levels under saline water irrigation
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Amandeep Kaur; Satyavan
    The present investigation entitled, “Performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties for grain yield and malt quality at various nitrogen levels under saline water irrigation” was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the objective to study the growth, yield, quality and radiation and thermal use efficiency of different barley varieties and to find out the optimum dose of nitrogen under saline water irrigation. The experiment was laid out in split plot design by keeping four varieties (BH 902, BH 946, BH 885 and DWRB 101) in main plots and four nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 ) in sub plots with four replications. The crop was irrigated with saline water of ECiw 8.0 dS m -1 . Both 6-row barley varieties BH 902 and BH 946 recorded significantly higher growth attributes, number of grains spike-1 , straw yield and biological yield, while 2-row barley varieties BH 885 and DWRB 101 produced significantly higher number of effective tillers m-1 row length, spike length and 1000-grain weight. Maximum grain yield was produced by variety BH 946 which was statistically at par with variety DWRB 101 but was significantly higher than variety BH 902 and BH 885. On an average, variety BH 946 recorded highest grain yield of 51.51q ha-1 which was 5.1, 7.3 and 14.7% higher as compared to DWRB 101, BH 902 and BH 885, respectively. Both 2 rowed barley varieties BH 885 and DWRB 101 recorded significantly higher hectolitre weight, starch content and malt recovery as compared to BH 902 and BH 946, whereas protein content, diastatic power, α-amylase activity and Na: K in plants at spike initiation stage were significantly higher in 6-row barley varieties BH 902 and BH 946. Maximum radiation use efficiency and thermal use efficiency was recorded by variety BH 946 which was statistical at par with DWRB 101 and significantly higher than BH 902 and BH 885. Nitrogen application significantly increased all the growth and yield attributes of barley varieties. Each increment of nitrogen dose produced significantly higher grain yield up to 60 kg ha-1 and further increasing the nitrogen dose up to 90 kg ha-1 did not significantly influence the grain yield under saline irrigation water. Nitrogen application at 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 enhanced the grain yield by 25.3, 34.0 and 34.7%, respectively over control. Based on the regression equations and regression coefficients, the optimum dose of nitrogen for variety BH 902, BH 946, BH 885 and DWRB 101 was found as 74.5, 74.9, 71.8, 69.2 kg ha-1 , respectively. Nitrogen application significantly enhanced the hectolitre weight, protein content in grains, α-amylase activity and diastatic power, while starch content, malt recovery and Na: K at spike initiation stage were significantly decreased.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Amandeep Kaur; Samunder Singh
    The present investigation entitled, “Studies on herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in village Siswal, district Hisar (Haryana) and pot experiment was conducted in the screen house of Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, replicated thrice having pendimethalin PRE fb pinoxaden POE @ 1500 fb 50 g/ha, pendimethalin + metribuzin (RM) @ 1500 g/ha PRE, metribuzin @ 175 g/ha PRE, pyroxasulfone @ 127.5 g/ha PRE, pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin (TM) @ 106 + 1000 g/ha PRE, flumioxazin @ 100 g/ha PRE, flumioxazin + pendimethalin (TM) @ 80 + 1500 g/ha PRE, clodinafop + metsulfuron (TM) @ 60 + 4 g/ha POE, metribuzin @ 175 g/ha POE, sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (RM) @ 32 g/ha POE, pinoxaden + metsulfuron (TM) @ 50 + 4 g/ha POE, isoproturon @ 1000 g/ha POE, weedy check and weed free. Pot experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications having 0.5, 1.0 and 2 times dose of treatments applied in the field experiment except weed free. One untreated control was also kept for each population and herbicides for comparison. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin treatment resulted in 59.1 and 51.5; 61.2 and 55.2% reduction in A. ludoviciana population as compared to weedy check treatment, respectively at 30 DAS during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Pinoxaden + metsulfuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden resulted in 62.3 and 59.7; 64.5 and 61.8% reduction in A. ludoviciana density over weedy check treatment, respectively at harvest during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (RM) and clodinafop + metsulfuron (TM) have poor efficacy against grassy as well as broadleaf weeds among other herbicides but superior than weedy check. Significantly higher grain yield was obtained in weed free treatment, which was statistically similar with pinoxaden + metsulfuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments, but significantly higher than all other treatments. Weed free, pinoxaden + metsufuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments produced 70.9, 67.7 and 64.9; 69.4, 67.0 and 64.3% higher grain yield as compared to weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Statistically similar grain yield was recorded in pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin treatments with 54.1 and 51.1; 55.3 and 52.4% higher yield than weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Application of flumioxazin and flumioxazin + pendimethalin provided effective weed control, but grain yield was lower due to crop phytotoxicity after first irrigation. A. ludoviciana biotype SHH2 which was highly resistant to clodinafop showed 55-60% visual control at 50 g/ha dose of pinoxaden (averaged data). Most of the biotypes were sensitive to the application of pinoxaden. It provided 60-85% mortality of all biotypes at 50 and 100 g/ha dose except SHH2 biotype. Sequential application of pendimethalin fb pinoxaden resulted in 85-90% visual mortality for all the biotypes at recommended and double dose, whereas half of the recommended dose of pinoxaden provided 70-75% visual mortality in DSH1, SHH1 and SHH2 biotypes. Poor control by pyroxasulfone @ 63.75 g/ha could be due to the lower availability of lethal dose of herbicide to cause satisfactory control. Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5 and 255 g/ha provided 70-90% visual mortality for all the biotypes. A. ludoviciana biotype SHH2 which was highly tolerant to clodinafop showed 55-60% visual mortality at recommended dose of pinoxaden. Most of the biotypes were sensitive to pinoxaden. It provided 60-85% mortality in all biotypes at 50 and 100 g/ha dose except SHH2 biotype. The information obtained from this study will facilitate proactive management of herbicide resistant weeds through inclusion of PRE herbicides in an ideal approach to reduce the selection pressure on POE herbicides.