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Subject: Agricultural Meteorology × Author: Jangra, Mohan Singh × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Fruit-ecological zoning of north-west India in context to climate change using GIS
    (CCSHAU, 2015) Jangra, Mohan Singh; Ram Niwas
    The present investigation was carried out on meteorological data of more than 30 years of 22 stations in north-west India. Annual and seasonal climatic trends were assessed through simple linear regression between weather parameters at hills, plains and north-west India and tested through F-test and P-levels. Thermal, humidity, rainfall, moisture index, chilling hours, growing degree days, soil texture and LGP maps were prepared in the GIS environment using ArcMap 10.1. The slope of mean temperature was found negative for Srinagar, Ranichauri, Delhi and Narnaul and positive for all the remaining stations. Annual temperature was increasing at the rate of 2.5.0°C/100years, 1.2°C/100years and 1.5°C/100 years in hills, plains and north-west India. The maximum temperature was decreasing 2oC/100 year in plains, 0.3oC/100 years in north-west India but an increasing trend of 4.4oC/100 years in hills. The increasing trend was higher in minimum temperature (1.6°C/100years) than maximum temperature (0.9°C/100years) in north-west India. The increasing trend in mean temperature during effective growing season was 1.7°C/century, 1.2°C/century and 1.3°C/century and during dormant season were 3.4oC/century, 0.6oC/century and 0.4oC/century in hills, plains and north-west India, respectively. Annual rainfall was showing an increasing trend of 551, 158 and 582 mm/100 years for hills, plains and north-west India. The rainfall was increasing with 33.8, 27.7 and 45.6 mm/decade during effective growing season and with 5.7, 10.7 and 68.6 mm/decade during dormant season in hills, plains and north-west India. The annual PET was increasing with 79, 197 and 165 mm/100 years for hills, plains and north-west, respectively. The average relative humidity was increasing at the rate of 24%, 15% and 43%/100 years in hills, plains and north-west India. The chilling hours were decreasing with 838, 9 and 222 hours /100 years but GDD was increasing with 85.62, 42.83 and 26.79GDD/decade in hills, plains and north-west India, respectively. The rate of change of annual moisture index was negative for hills (-18.5%/100 years) and north-west India (-1%/100 years) but positive for plains (6.1%/100 years). Fruit area was increasing at the rate of 36.15 thousand ha/year but productivity was decreasing at the rate of -0.04MT/year in hills. A climate shift was observed fromNWto SW when it is compared with old climate map prepared in 1992 of north-west India as themoist sub humid zone shifted from sub Himalaya towards south-west. Five soil textural classes, ten agro-climatic zone, thirty six agro-ecological sub-zones and fruit-ecological zones were delineated by logical combination of soil texture layer and other required spatial input layers (moisture index, LGP and soil, temperature, rainfall chilling hour layer). Suitable fruit ecological zones were delineated for different fruit (Mango, Guava, Ber, Citrus, Plum, Litchi, Peach, Pear, Apricot and Apple) crops.