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ThesisItem Open Access Spatial distribution and effect of leaf characters on development of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Manisha; Rolania, KrishnaThe present study on Spatial distribution and effect of leaf characters on development of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The findings of investigation revealed that among three cotton cultivars the middle leaves of Bt cotton had the highest number of whitefly nymph (36.08 nymphs/leaf) in comparison to American (34.64 nymphs/leaf), and Desi cotton (32.10 nymphs/leaf). The population of whitefly nymphs was highest on the middle strata leaves in each cultivar, followed by the upper strata leaves, and it was minimum on the lower strata leaves. The maximum population of adults was observed on upper leaves of Bt cotton (4.26 adults/leaf) followed by American (3.09 adults/leaf) and minimum was on Desi cotton (2.63 adults/leaf). The maximum population of whitefly adult was observed on upper strata leaves than on middle strata leaves while minimum on lower strata leaves in each cultivar. There were two peaks of B. tabaci adults, observed in 34th and 40th SMW (i.e., 3rd week of August and 1st week of October). Likewise, two peaks of nymphal population were observed in 35th SMW 41st SMW (4th week of August and 2nd week of October) with number 33.04, 30.69, 27.41 and 25.98, 23.88, 20.07 nymphs/leaf in Bt, American and Desi cotton, respectively . Whitefly adult population had significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity and minimum temperature in Desi cotton only. Relative morning humidity showed a significant positive correlation with nymphal population in all the three cultivars. Several species of arthropod natural enemies were found and these included spider species, coccinellids, Chrysoperla spp. and parasitoids species. The peak activity of different natural enemies was observed during early October (40th to 43rd SMW). The study revealed that on both i.e., 45 days and 90 days plant, the whitefly development was high on 25 days old leaf on all three cultivars. Leaf area, thickness and trichome density showed a positive and significant correlation with 25 days old leaf in all three cultivars. Total chlorophyll in 5 days old leaf had a positive and highly significant correlation with nymphal duration in Desi cotton only. Tannin content showed a positive and significant correlation with egg hatchability on 25 days old leaf in Bt cotton.ThesisItem Open Access Bioefficacy and persistence of novel insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea and their leaching behaviour in soil(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Vijaya; Yadav, S.SThe present studies on Bioefficacy and persistence of novel insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea and their leaching behaviour in soil were conducted at Pulses Research Farm, CCS HAU Hisar during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The population dynamics studies of H. armigera revealed that the peak larval population of H.armigera reached 5.50 and 5.71 larvae/mrl in 14th and 15thSMW during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. The correlation studies showed that H. armigera population had positive and significant correlation with maximum, minimum temperature and wind velocity while significant negative correlation with morning and evening relative humidity was observed during both of the years. There was non significant negative correlation between larval population and rainfall while non significant positive correlation was found with sunshine hours in both years. The efficacy studies showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was the most effective treatment with 0.41 larva/mrl followed by flubendiamide 39.35 SC (0.57 larva/mrl). The least effective treatment was Bacillus thruiengensis 5 WP with highest number of larval count of 1.09 larvae/mrl followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (0.96 larva/mrl) and quinalphos 25 EC (0.93 larva/mrl). The pooled data of yield showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC treated plots were found to be significantly superior over other treatments with mean increase of 51.34 per cent over control plot while the plots treated with bacillus thruiengensis 5 WP provided a yield of 1236.11 kg per ha with a mean increase of 16.29 per cent over control. The pooled data of per cent pod damage showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC treated plots showed 8.31 per cent pod damage while the plots treated with bacillus thruiengensis 5 WP were affected by 17.71 per cent pod damage. The avoidable losses (pooled) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 accounted for 49.61 per cent with mean number of larvae per mrl 6.50 times lower under protected conditions. Mean yield (kg) per hectare was 2.0 times higher in protected conditions. Highly significant positive correlation between larval population of H. armigera and percent pod damage while negative correlation was observed between larval population and the yield obtained under both protected and unprotected conditions. Similarly, negative correlation was observed between percent pod damage and the yield obtained under both conditions. The dissipation kinetics of residues of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide at both single and double doses followed the first order kinetics in chickpea leaves and pods during both of the years. The residues of both insecticides in chickpea leaves and pods reached below LOQ after 7th and 10th day of application at single and double doses, respectively. The half lives (days) were less in double dose as compared to the single dose for both of the insecticides in both chickpea leaves and pods during the two years. The results also showed that terminal residues of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide were below LOQ in chickpea grain, straw and soil. The results for leaching behaviour revealed that maximum retention of 75.20 and 78.90 per cent was observed in 0-5 cm layer of soil only at single (40μg) and double dose (80μg) for chlorantraniliprole. For flubendiamide, it was observed that the insecticide was confined in upper soil layers (0-10cm) with 85.86 and 89.10 per cent retention at single (36μg) and double dose (72μg), respectively. None of the leachate fractions showed the presence of both insecticides at both single and double dose.ThesisItem Open Access test embargo(1999) jjjThesisItem Open Access Radiation and thermal use efficiency of wheat under different sowing dates(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Karambir; Sharma, KarambirThesisItem Open Access Micrometeorological Studies In Soybean Under Different Environments And Evaluation Of `Soygro` Model(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2006) Ajit Singh; Rao, V.U.M.ThesisItem Open Access Development Of Response Functions And Yield Model In Wheat Under Environmental Stress By Using Ground Truth Radiometer(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2001) Ghanghas, Mahender Singh; Ram Niwas
