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2019 - 201912020 - 20231
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Subject: Agricultural Economics × Author: Nisha × Start date: 1999 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An economic analysis of production and processing of groundnut in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Nisha; Pawar, Neeraj
    The present study was carried out with the objectives of working out costs and returns of groundnut cultivation, to study processing costs and returns of groundnut and to identify the constraints in production and processing of groundnut. The study was based on collection of primary data. The primary data from selected farmers for the year 2021-22 were collected by survey method through personal interview with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. For collection of data multistage purposive sampling technique was used. The selection of districts formed the first stage of sampling. Out of major groundnut growing districts of Haryana, Fatehabad, Hisar, Sirsa and Rewari districts were selected purposively based on the area under groundnut for the present study. Selection of farmers and processing units formed the ultimate unit in the sample. From seven selected villages from four selected districts, total 84 farmers were selected, comprising 21 farmers from each district. A total of 7 processing units were selected from the study area as per availability. The outcomes of the study revealed that the average total cost of cultivation of groundnut in four districts came out to be Rs. 98275. The total cost incurred by the farmers of Rewari district was higher (Rs. 106886/ha) compared to that of Sirsa (Rs. 100271/ha), Fatehabad (Rs. 93789/ha) and Hisar (Rs. 92155/ha). The average yield of the groundnut was 24.61 q/ha which was highest in Rewari district being 29.15 q/ha as compared to Sirsa (25.17 q/ha), Fatehabad (22.30 q/ha) and Hisar (21.83 q/ha).The gross return obtained after inclusion of value of by product, per hectare was again highest in Rewari district (Rs. 169376) as compared to Sirsa (Rs. 145692), Fatehabad (Rs. 129242) and Hisar (Rs. 127695). The average net return of the groundnut for selected respondents as a whole was Rs. 44997 per hectare. As B: C ratios are greater than one, this indicates that groundnut cultivation is economically viable in all the districts, with Rewari district having the highest profitability. Total cost per quintal of groundnut processing was higher in oil processing units (Rs.17289.33/q) when compared to decorticating units (Rs.8273.57/q). In respect of net returns, it was also higher in case of oil processing units (Rs. 161.55/q) compared to decorticating units (Rs. 130.59/q). On an average a minimum quantity of 342 quintals of groundnut kernel and 813 quintals of groundnut oil should be processed so as to continue the production process without sustaining losses at average level in decorticating units and oil processing units respectively. The identified constraints, such as less availability of improved varieties/ seeds and high cost of seeds, high incidence of pest and disease infection and problem of uncertain weather/ climate, pose significant challenges for groundnut farmers, impacting their productivity and profitability. The scarcity and high wages of skilled labour during peak seasons, high machinery costs, erratic power supply, repair and spare parts problems, complex bank finance procedures, expensive raw materials, and high transportation costs were all identified as significant challenges.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An economic analysis of sugarcane cultivation in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2019) Nisha; Malik, D.P.
    The present study was carried out with the objectives to analyze the trend in area, production and productivity of sugarcane in India vis-a-vis Haryana, to work out costs and returns, to study resource use efficiency and to identify various factors influencing sugarcane acreage in Haryana. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. The time-series data related to area, production and productivity of sugarcane in India as well as Haryana for the period 1971-2018 was gathered and the growth rate and trends by using linear trend equation were computed. Yamunanagar and Rohtak districts were consciously selected based on the highest area under sugarcane from eastern and western zones, respectively. One block having maximum area under sugarcane namely Radaur from Yamunanagar and Rohtak from Rohtak was selected purposively. Further three villages of each selected block were selected randomly. From each village, 20 farmers were selected randomly and finally, 120 farmers of six villages was interviewed to excerpt all desired information. Cobb-douglas production function was fitted work out the extent of efficacy of resource use. The outcomes of study revealed an increasing trend in the area, production and productivity of sugarcane at the national level with CAGRs values of 1.52, 0.84 and 2.37 per cent , respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area indicated decreasing trend ( -0.79%) over the study period while production and productivity illustrated increasing trend with CAGRs values of 0.74 and 1.55 per cent, respectively. The per hectare cost of cultivation in planted and ratoon sugarcane in Yamunanagar was found to be Rs. 244517 and Rs. 187217, respectively. While in Rohtak district, it was computed as Rs. 210832 and Rs. 146995, respectively. In Yamunanagar, the per hectare yield, gross returns and net returns attained from the planted sugarcane were 986 quintals, Rs. 337120 and Rs. 92604, respectively. The corresponding figures for ratoon sugarcane were worked out to be 950 quintals, Rs. 322730 and Rs. 135513 respectively. Whereas, in Rohtak, the per hectare yield gross returns and net returns attained from the planted sugarcane were worked out to be 798 quintals, Rs. 274554 and Rs. 63727, respectively. The corresponding values for ratoon sugarcane were worked out to be 702 quintals, Rs. 241410 and Rs. 94415, respectively. The B:C ratio for planted and ratoon conditions was worked out to be 1.38 and 1.72, respectively for Yamunanagar & 1.30 and 1.64 respectively for Rohtak. In planted conditions of Yamunanagar, expenditure on machine labour and seed, whereas, in planted conditions of Rohtak, expenditure on human labour, seed, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were found positive and statistically significant specifying inefficiency of these inputs. In ratoon conditions of Yamunanagar, expenditure on human labour, plant protection chemicals and irrigation were found to be positive and statistically significant indicating that inputs were not used efficiently whereas, in ratoon conditions of Rohtak, the inputs under-utilized were human labour, plant protection chemicals and fertilizers. Requirement of number of irrigations, labour scarcity for manual hoeing/ inter-cultural operations, non-availability of machines for harvesting of sugarcane, payment by sugar mills in installments, small size of operational land holding, the returns from sugarcane once a year etc. are some of the major constraints impelling sugarcane acreage.