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Author: Hazarika, Chandrika × End date: 2022 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance of crossbred heifers
    (2022) Hazarika, Chandrika; Mili, Dulal Chandra
    The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance of crossbred heifers. Eighteen crossbred heifers of above 1 year of age (16-18 months) of similar body weight were selected and were divided equally into three groups namely Control (T0) , Treatment 1 (T1) and Treatment 2 (T2), each group consisting of six animals . All the heifers in the experimental group were fed with a basal diet of concentrate, para grass and paddy straw, along with a supplementation of 1.5gm/animal/day of dry yeast powder in T1 and 3gm/animal/day of dry yeast powder in T2 group respectively. The experiment was conducted for a period of 3 months (90 days) from 1st January to 31st March,2022. The average initial and final body weight at the 6th fortnight of the heifers were 188.18 ±1.07, 188.32 ±0.89 and 188.61 ±0.79 and 216.41 ±1.18 , 218.55 ±1.19 and 220.65 ±1.33 kg in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The results of the analysis of variance of data did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05) of average body weight in control and different treatment groups. The overall mean daily gain of body weight found in T0, T1 and T2 groups were 0.31 ±0.03 , 0.35 ±0.06 and 0.36 ±0.07 kg respectively. A significant difference (P<0.05) of overall ADG was observed in T1 and T2 compared to T0 . The one way ANOVA revealed that the body weight in heifers increased significantly from 4th to 6th fortnight . Similarly, a significant increase (P<0.05) in overall fortnightly gain in body weight was observed in T2 (5.31 ±0.10)and T1 (4.94 ±0.12)kg on comparision to T0 (4.56 ±0.04)kg . The overall mean values of the body conformation traits (cm) in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively were found to be as : 116.60 ±0.27 , 116.76 ±0.29 and 117.66 ±0.24 cm in. body length, 136.96 ±0.12 , 137.29 ±0.99 and 137.69 ±0.13 cm for heart girth, and 112.04 ±0.22, 112.51 ±0.20 and 113.17 ±0.21 cm for height at wither. The conformation traits revealed a highly positive correlation with body weight. A linear increase in body measurements were observed in all the three experimental groups from 1st to 6th fortnight, along with the body weight. Analysis of data showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the three traits between T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The overall mean daily feed intake was found to be 4.66 ±0.03, 4.68 ±0.03 and 4.72 ±0.02 kg/day in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively. Supplementing the diets of the treatment groups with S. cerevisiae (1.5gm/head/day and 3gm/head/day in T1 and T2 respectively) showed a higher increase in feed intake compared to T0. However, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the average values of daily feed intake amongst T0, T1 and T2 groups. The average FCE values were 12.04 ±0.21 ,12.22 ±0.30 and 11.58 ±0.35 in the 1st fortnight and 12.03 ± 0.32, 10.93 ±0.25 and 10.28 ±0.23 in the 6th fortnight. Overall mean FCE values in were 12.18 ±0.08, 11.45 ±0.22 and 10.93 ±0.19 in T0, T1 and T2 respectively. Results of analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P<0.01) effect of supplementation of S.cerevisiae on feed conversion efficiency of the experimental animals. A post hoc test revealed that the FCE in T2 and T1 group was significantly higher from 3rd to 4th fortnight compared to T0 group. All the blood parameters estimated under the haemato-biochemical parameters were found within the normal physiological range in the experimental heifers. The overall mean of RBC of heifers were calculated as 6.44±0.11, 6.48±0.05 and 6.51± 0.07 ii m/mm3 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The overall mean of TLC count in different groups during the entire experiment were 7.26±0.09, 7.28±0.09 and 7.29± 0.09 m/mm3 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The overall mean of PCV% in different groups during the entire experiment were 26.74±0.15, 26.75±0.16 and 26.79±0.17 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The overall mean of glucose (mg/dl) in different groups during the entire experiment were 54.76 ±0.53, 54.92±0.65 and 55.31±0.63 mg/dl in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively .The overall mean of total protein were 6.74± 0.07, 6.75 ± 0.40 and 6.78 ± 0.07 (g/dl) in the entire experiment in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively Results of the analysis showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the initial and final estimates of blood parameters in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The analysis of economics of feeding the experimental heifers revealed that the average daily cost of feed consumption per heifer were Rs.71.11, Rs. 72.38 and Rs. 74.27 , average net cost of feed consumption per heifer were Rs. 6400.04, Rs. 6514.81 and Rs.6684.87, and the cost of feeding per kg body weight gain were Rs. 226.71, Rs.215.50 and Rs.208.64 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The higher total body weight gain in T1 and T2 than T0 resulted in lower cost of feeding per kg weight gain in the treatment groups than in the control group. On further calculation , a benefit over control (T0) of Rs.11.21 and Rs.17.82 in T1 and T2 were found.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance of crossbred heifers
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, 2022) Hazarika, Chandrika; Mili, Dulal Chandra
    The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance of crossbred heifers. Eighteen crossbred heifers of above 1 year of age (16-18 months) of similar body weight were selected and were divided equally into three groups namely Control (T0) , Treatment 1 (T1) and Treatment 2 (T2), each group consisting of six animals . All the heifers in the experimental group were fed with a basal diet of concentrate, para grass and paddy straw, along with a supplementation of 1.5gm/animal/day of dry yeast powder in T1 and 3gm/animal/day of dry yeast powder in T2 group respectively. The experiment was conducted for a period of 3 months (90 days) from 1st January to 31st March,2022. The average initial and final body weight at the 6th fortnight of the heifers were 188.18 ±1.07, 188.32 ±0.89 and 188.61 ±0.79 and 216.41 ±1.18 , 218.55 ±1.19 and 220.65 ±1.33 kg in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The results of the analysis of variance of data did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05) of average body weight in control and different treatment groups. The overall mean daily gain of body weight found in T0, T1 and T2 groups were 0.31 ±0.03 , 0.35 ±0.06 and 0.36 ±0.07 kg respectively. A significant difference (P<0.05) of overall ADG was observed in T1 and T2 compared to T0 . The one way ANOVA revealed that the body weight in heifers increased significantly from 4th to 6th fortnight . Similarly, a significant increase (P<0.05) in overall fortnightly gain in body weight was observed in T2 (5.31 ±0.10)and T1 (4.94 ±0.12)kg on comparision to T0 (4.56 ±0.04)kg . The overall mean values of the body conformation traits (cm) in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively were found to be as : 116.60 ±0.27 , 116.76 ±0.29 and 117.66 ±0.24 cm in. body length, 136.96 ±0.12 , 137.29 ±0.99 and 137.69 ±0.13 cm for heart girth, and 112.04 ±0.22, 112.51 ±0.20 and 113.17 ±0.21 cm for height at wither. The conformation traits revealed a highly positive correlation with body weight. A linear increase in body measurements were observed in all the three experimental groups from 1st to 6th fortnight, along with the body weight. Analysis of data showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the three traits between T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The overall mean daily feed intake was found to be 4.66 ±0.03, 4.68 ±0.03 and 4.72 ±0.02 kg/day in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively. Supplementing the diets of the treatment groups with S. cerevisiae (1.5gm/head/day and 3gm/head/day in T1 and T2 respectively) showed a higher increase in feed intake compared to T0. However, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the average values of daily feed intake amongst T0, T1 and T2 groups. The average FCE values were 12.04 ±0.21 ,12.22 ±0.30 and 11.58 ±0.35 in the 1st fortnight and 12.03 ± 0.32, 10.93 ±0.25 and 10.28 ±0.23 in the 6th fortnight. Overall mean FCE values in were 12.18 ±0.08, 11.45 ±0.22 and 10.93 ±0.19 in T0, T1 and T2 respectively. Results of analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P<0.01) effect of supplementation of S.cerevisiae on feed conversion efficiency of the experimental animals. A post hoc test revealed that the FCE in T2 and T1 group was significantly higher from 3rd to 4th fortnight compared to T0 group. All the blood parameters estimated under the haemato-biochemical parameters were found within the normal physiological range in the experimental heifers. The overall mean of RBC of heifers were calculated as 6.44±0.11, 6.48±0.05 and 6.51± 0.07 m/mm3 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The overall mean of TLC count in different groups during the entire experiment were 7.26±0.09, 7.28±0.09 and 7.29± 0.09 m/mm3 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The overall mean of PCV% in different groups during the entire experiment were 26.74±0.15, 26.75±0.16 and 26.79±0.17 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The overall mean of glucose (mg/dl) in different groups during the entire experiment were 54.76 ±0.53, 54.92±0.65 and 55.31±0.63 mg/dl in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively .The overall mean of total protein were 6.74± 0.07, 6.75 ± 0.40 and 6.78 ± 0.07 (g/dl) in the entire experiment in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively Results of the analysis showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the initial and final estimates of blood parameters in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The analysis of economics of feeding the experimental heifers revealed that the average daily cost of feed consumption per heifer were Rs.71.11, Rs. 72.38 and Rs. 74.27 , average net cost of feed consumption per heifer were Rs. 6400.04, Rs. 6514.81 and Rs.6684.87, and the cost of feeding per kg body weight gain were Rs. 226.71, Rs.215.50 and Rs.208.64 in T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The higher total body weight gain in T1 and T2 than T0 resulted in lower cost of feeding per kg weight gain in the treatment groups than in the control group. On further calculation , a benefit over control (T0) of Rs.11.21 and Rs.17.82 in T1 and T2 were found.