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ThesisItem Open Access Sero-prevalence and molecular detection of canine brucellosis in urban and peri-urban areas of Guwahati(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, 2022) Goud, Malela Saikrishna; Talukdar, ArchanaBrucellosis is an important neglected lingering zoonotic disease of increasing veterinary and public health concern particularly in developing countries which is highly underreported in India. In Assam, the abundance of non-confined free roaming dogs in peri-urban livestock farms and enormous increase in dog ownership in metropolitan city of Guwahati has become a significant threat rendering the owners vulnerable to various zoonotic diseases including canine brucellosis. The present investigation was carried out from January, 2022 to June, 2022 to collect baseline data on dog owners, study the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in dog, detect the presence of Brucella spp. in dogs using molecular technique and prepare canine brucellosis prevalence map in peri-urban and urban areas of Guwahati. A total 24 locations comprising of 12 locations each for peri-urban areas viz., Sonapur Rewa NC, Mirza, Khankar Gaon, Kahikuchi, Digaru Gaon, Shanti Basti, Bonda, Gorol, Gomoria Gaon, Birkuchi, Jorabat, Hatisila, and urban areas of Guwahati viz., Khanapara, Six Mile, Hatigaon, Uzan Bazar, Zoo Road, Hengrabari, Ganeshguri, Chandmari, Beltola, Bharalumukh, Boragaon and Kahilipara were selected. From each peri-urban location 10 livestock farms having in-contact dogs and from each urban location 10 households keeping dogs were selected. Baseline data revealed that most of the peri-urban farmers were educated up to secondary (78.34%) level and below 50 years (92.507%), having moderately clean or dirty farms (82.50%) and reared non-descript (85.00%) local or cross breed dogs which were fed on garbage and homemade food (50.83%). Majority of the farmers did not consult veterinarian and used unsafe method of waste and carcass disposal. Contrary to this, in urban areas the dog owners were highly educated, reared descript pure breed dogs, fed commercial and homemade food to dogs (93.33%), but 94.17% owners were unaware about brucellosis. Dogs were showing various symptoms of brucellosis viz., infertility (11.25%), scrotal dermatitis (2.90%), still birth (2.50%), fetal maceration (2.50%), fetal mummification (1.25%), fetal resorption (1.67%), vaginal discharges (12.09%), abortion (7.91%) and lymphadenopathy (5.41%) in both urban and peri-urban areas of Guwahati. Screening of a total of 240 serum samples of dog by RBPT and further confirmation by STAT and LFA revealed the overall sero-prevalence of canine brucellosis to be 4.16%, with 2.50% sero-positivity in urban compared to 5.83% in peri-urban areas. Highest sero-prevalence of brucellosis was recorded in Sonapur Rewa NC (2.50%) of peri-urban Guwahati. Association between sero-prevalence of canine brucellosis with respect to the feeding habit of dogs and cases of abortion in livestock were found to be very highly significant (P<0.001). Significant association (P<0.05) between sero-prevalence of canine brucellosis was recorded with respect to the educational qualification of the farmers, sex of dogs, health status of dogs, method of disposal of farm waste and hygienic status of farms. Molecular detection of genus specific BCSP31 gene in dog blood samples indicated the presence of Brucella organism, which were confirmed as Brucella abortus by species specific AMOS, Bruce Ladder and a multiplex PCR. GIS maps were prepared to visualize the topographic distribution of canine brucellosis in urban and peri-urban areas of Guwahati on the basis of Brucella sero-prevalence in dogs, which will be of immense support in future for strategic disease control at the interface of human, animal and environment.
