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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × Author: Bora, Sanjana × Start date: 2013 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECTOPARASITES OF POULTRY IN KAMRUP DISTRICT OF ASSAM: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Bora, Sanjana; Das, Manoranjan
    A study was conducted to record the prevalence of different ectoparasites of poultry in Kamrup (rural and metro) districts of Assam from March, 2016 to February, 2017. Out of 6514 birds; 1896 fowl(local), 4450(broilers), 108 ducks and 60 pigeons, lice infestation was 58.24% in intensive system and 64.09% in free range system, arachnids both tick and mite together was 48.61% in free range system. The lice, Menopon gallinae (52.32%); Lipeurus caponis(45.44%); Menacanthus stramineus (38.88%) and Goniodes gigas(3.68%) and no arachnids could be encountered in intensive system. The lice in free range system were Menopon gallinae (47.21%); Lipeurus caponis(46.59%)and Menacanthus stramineus (27.09%), mites were Dermanyssus gallinae(14.24%); Cnemidocoptes mutans (36.38%); Sarcoptes spp. (6.81%) and some other mites (8.20%) with significant differences amongst seasons and systems of rearing. A hard tick, Haemaphysalis spp. could be found for the first time in India with 3.10% prevalence rate. The ectoparasites of ducks recorded were lice Columbicola columbae (30.56%); Lipeurus caponis (28.70%) and some other mites (30.56%). The ectoparasites encountered in pigeons were Dermanyssus gallinae (20%); Columbicola columbae (50%) and dipteran fly Pseudolynchia canariensis (65%). Myiasis due to Chrysomyia bezziana in broiler chickens of 5-7 weeks old had a prevalence rate of 1.34% in pre-monsoon and monsoon and not in the winter season, this being the first report in North East India. Skin of fowl naturally infested with Dermanyssus gallinae revealed destruction of the superficial layer of epidermis, mild spongiosis in dermal layer characterized by vacuolation alongwith infiltration of eosinophils and heterophils histopathologically. Heavy infiltration of mononuclear cells in the dermis and areas with haemorrhages alongwith congestion were observed. Perakeratosis of stratum corneum in certain areas of the epidermis without affecting the deeper layers of the skin were noticed. Histopathologically, birds infested with Cnemidocoptes mutans, showed sloughing of the stratum corneum and cross sections of the mite in the affected areas of the epidermis, abnormal thickening of stratum granulosum indicating hyperkeratosis. Infiltration of eosinophil, heterophils and mononuclear cells and focal areas of necrosis were observed in the dermis. Skin sections of fowl infested with Cnemidocoptes mutans showed no reaction in epidermis with Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH),intense reaction in dermis with Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH),Alkaline phosphatase (AKPase) and Acid phosphatase (ACPase) and moderate reaction with AKPase and ACPase in the dermis. Chrysomyia bezziana completes its life cycle in 13 to 18 days in room temperature (28-32°C). The molecular characterization of Chrysomyia bezziana revealed 99% similarity with established database sequences of NCBI in BLAST analysis.