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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATTERN OF SYNCHRONIZED OESTRUS AND SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN HAMPSHIRE CROSSBRED PIG
    (College of Veterinary Science Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2016-07) Baishnob, Rina; Ahmed, K.
    A total of 37 apparently healthy cyclic Hampshire crossbred pigs ranging from 7 months to 2 years of age maintained at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pig, Mega Seed Project on Pig and 30-Sow Unit, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati-22 were selected randomly and used for the present study. The experimental animals were divided irrespective of stage of oestrous cycle into Group I and Group II. A total of 25 animals that included 16 gilts and 9 sows of Group I were injected i/mly with 400 IU PMSG (Folligon) and 200 IU hCG (Chorulon). The animal which exhibited oestrus within 7 days from the day of treatment (10 gilts and 3 sows) was utilized for further study. For the Group II, a total of 12 pigs comprising 8 gilts and 4 sows were selected and were not assigned to any treatment. They were observed for natural occurrence of estrus and considered as untreated control. The percentage of pigs showing synchronized oestrus was 62.50 in gilts and 33.33 in sows. The mean interval from oestrus synchronization treatment to onset of oestrus was 3.00 ± 0.15 days in gilts and 4.00 ± 0.58 days in sows. The mean duration of oestrus in synchronized gilts was 81.6 ± 3.49 hrs while in untreated control gilts it was 51.00 ± 1.96 hrs. In sows the mean duration was 112.00 ± 4.00 hrs in synchronized and 90.00 ± 3.46 hrs in control animals. The duration of oestrus in both gilts and sows was longer in treated animals than in untreated control. Most frequent behavioural signs of synchronized oestrus were nervousness. frequent grunt, seeking male and lordosis response occurring in the frequencies of 100, 90, 100 and 100 respectively in gilts and 100, 100, 100, and 100 respectively in sows. Corresponding frequencies were 87, 75, 75 and 62.50 per-cent in control gilts and 50, 75, 75 and 50 percent in control sows. Swelling of vulva, pinkish vulva and vaginal mucous discharge were the most common physical signs of estrus exhibited by all gilts and sows following synchronization treatment. Intensity of oestrus was more following synchronization treatment in both gilts and sows as compared to that in untreated control animals. The mean gestation length was recorded as 113.67 ± 0.29 and 114.38 ± 0.71days in synchronized and control gilts respectively while in synchronized and control sows the figures were 114.33 ± 0.33 and 114.00 ± 0.00 days respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the mean gestation length between synchronized and control animals. The mean litter size at birth in oestrus synchronized gilts was recorded as11.66 ± 1.41and in control gilts it was 8.63 ± 0.37. In the case of synchronized sows it was recorded as 12.66 ± 0.33 and in control sows 10.00 ± 0.71. The difference in mean litter size at birth between synchronized and control gilts were highly significant (P˂ 0.01) whereas in case of sows it was significant (P˂0.05). The mean litter weight in synchronized and untreated control gilts were recorded as 10.62 ± 0.36 and10.01 ± 0.64 kg respectively. The values were 13.73 ± 0.41 and 11.40 ± 0.57 kg for synchronized and control sows respectively. Results of ʻtʼ test revealed significant difference in mean litter weight between synchronized and control sows only. The incidence of still birth was 7.62 and 2.90 per cent in treated and control gilts while in case of sows it was 2.60 and 2.50 per cent in synchronized and control animals respectively. The incidence of runt piglet was 4.75 and 1.45 per cent in synchronized and control gilts respectively while it was not recorded in sows. Conception rates in all synchronized as well as control pigs were above 90 per cent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DYNAMICS OF MARKET INTELLIGENCE FOR QUALITY PORK IN ASSAM
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-08) BORAH, BIJU; BORGOHAIN, ATUL
    Assam has a meat marketing scenario which projects a very poor self-sufficient image and so to understand the pork market; to determine the current and future needs and preference, attitude and behaviour of the consumers; and to assess changes in the business environment that may affect the size and the nature of market in future, dynamics of market Intelligence for quality pork was studied in Assam. Data were collected from a total of 400 respondents through a pre-tested, reliable and valid interview schedule. The respondents comprised of three categories: hundred pig producers, 100 pork consumers and 200 pork retailers. The result showed that the majority of the respondents were of middle age group with a medium size of families and with medium educational qualification. Except producers, a large majority of the consumers and retailers were male. Majority of the producers, consumers and retailers primary occupation was agriculture & livestock rearing, service and trade & commerce respectively and belonged to ST caste. Majority of the respondents maintained medium pig herd size and reared for fattening purpose. The average annual income from pig rearing was Rs.28135/- and from pork retailing was Rs.75656/-. The average gross income of producers, consumers and retailers were Rs.85870/-, Rs.146560/- and Rs.1013220/- respectively. The average sale price of piglet was Rs.2249/- and of pig selling price was Rs.11610/-. The processing of pork was done by 46 per cent of the producers and 18 per cent of the consumers for their own consumption. Roasted pork was the commonly found processed pork in the locality and was mostly available in the Ethnic festival shops. Storage problem, practicing in less quantity and costing related to processing were the factors which affecting the commercialization of traditional process pork. The preference of pork by the consumer was highest followed by chicken, duck, mutton/ chevon and beef. The order of overall reasons for pork preference by the respondents consumers were taste/ versatility and availability, season, affordability, habituation, nutritional value, locality and tradition. Agricultural seasons were the first factor which influenced the consumption of pork and its products. Majority of the respondents consumed pork twice a month with somewhat increase in trend of pork consumption pattern since last 5 years. An overwhelming majority of the respondents procured pork from the road side butcher by judging the freshness and quality of the pork. The order of demand for meat out of total meat markets was for pork followed by broiler, mutton/ chevon, duck and beef. The trend of demand for pork over the last five years was increase almost by double and the increase in percentage of average number of pork shops was 65.84 per cent and also expanded by 50 per cent over the last five years. There were 47 per cent and 49 per cent of pork outlets out of total daily and weekly meat market respectively. The existing potential pork customers were both tribal and non-tribal, both male and female and younger age groups and from same locality. The trend of numbers of pork consumer was increased by 50 per cent with a decreased in the trend of quantity of pork sold per retailer over the last five years. By giving quality assurance (Buzz marketing) was the main of strategy for sale promotion to achieve pork buyer concentration. The most prevailing marketing channel for producers and retailers was Producer- Retailer- Consumer. The increase in percentage of pork price in between the years 2010 to 2015 and 2005 to 2010 was 41 per cent and 76 per cent respectively and the price of pork did not vary in winter, spring and autumn but it reduced during summer and increased during monsoon and during festive seasons. From the study it was revealed that Season, festival, disease outbreak, natural calamities were the main indicators of differential quantum, price, exchange and distribution.