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20161
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Subject: Veterinary Biochemistry × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EXPLORING SEASON RELATED BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN CROSS-BRED AND LOCAL CATTLE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, KHANAPARA, GUWAHATI-781022, 2016-07) Chetia, Mayuri; Sarma, Satya
    The present experiment was conducted to study the significant changes of various physiological, biochemical, hormonal and HSP gene expression profiles in Cross-bred (HF X Jersey) cattle under the agro-climatic condition of Assam and Local cattle of Assam were included in the experiment as reference experimental animals. The experiment was aimed at determining the status of some of the important season related thermal stress biomarkers with an idea to get some clues about the heat tolerance and the adaptability status of the Cross-bred cattles compared to the Local breeds of Assam. The experiment comprised of a total twelve numbers of healthy cattle of ages between 2-3 years, which were divided into two groups each containing six numbers of Cross-bred and six numbers of Assam Local cattle being reared under the semi-intensive system in Instructional Livestock Farm (Cattle) of College of Veterinary Science Khanapara, Assam Agricultural University and Experimental Animal Shed, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science Khanapara, Assam Agricultural University. The animals were kept under standard feeding and management. The monthly ambient temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) were recorded from the automatic weather station and temperature humidity index (THI) were calculated during the summer and winter season using standard formula. The physiological parameters such as the rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were recorded daily twice for the two seasons. The different biochemical parameters such as serum total protein, serum glucose, serum electrolytes - Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, P and Mg2+, erythrocytic oxidative enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), serum hormonal parameters namely, Cortisol, T3 and T4 and mRNA expression profile of HSP 40, HSP 60, HSP 70, HSP 90 genes were studied in both the breeds of cattle. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) during the study period was found to be indicative of thermal stress to the experimental animals during the summer season compared to winter season. The different physiological parameters viz. rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were found to increase in both the breeds during summer compared to winter season. All the physiological parameters were increased in the evening hours in both the cattle types compared to the morning hours. The serum total protein and serum glucose concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.001) during the summer season as compared to the winter season in both cross-bred and Assam local cattle. Similarly, the serum electrolytes, such as Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, P and Mg2+ concentrations were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the summer as compared to winter season in both cross-bred and local cattle types of Assam. A significant difference was observed in serum total protein, serum glucose, serum Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration between the breeds.The activity of erythrocytes SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and serum LDH was found to be significantly (P<0.001) higher in the summer season in both the breeds compared to the winter season. In addition, a significant (P<0.001) difference on the concentration of different erythrocytic and serum enzymes was observed between the two breeds. The concentrations of Cortisol, T3 and T4 were found to be significantly (P<0.001) different between the seasons in both cross-bred and local cattle of Assam. The cortisol level significantly increased during the summer season in both the breeds compared to the winter season while T3 and T4 level significantly decreased in the summer season in both the cattle types. A significant (P<0.001) difference in the hormonal concentration of Cortisol, T3 and T4 was found between the breeds. The present experiment shows a wide variation in the expression of different HSP genes during summer and winter season. The mRNA expression of HSP 40, 70 and 90 genes were significantly higher (P<0.01) during summer season as compared to winter season. The mRNA expression of HSP40, HSP 60, HSP70 and HSP90 was significantly differed between the two breeds of cattle types. HSP 70 has been found to be the potential biomarkers of heat stress in both the breeds of cattle and based on the relative expression, the ranking of genes from higher to lower abundance in cross-bred cattle were in the following order: HSP70>HSP90>HSP40>HSP60 and in local cattle, it is HSP70>HSP60>HSP90>HSP40. All the physiological and biochemical alterations were observed in local and cross-bred animals in the different seasons. However, these alterations were quite more prominent in case of cross-bred cattle in comparison to the local cattle. Hence, the local cattle have better heat tolerance than those of the cross-bred cattle under the agro-climatic condition of Assam.