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20162
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Subject: Poultry Science × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEX SEPARATE REARING IN RELATION TO THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN
    (College of Veterinary Science Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2016-07) Kalita, Sanghamitra; Kalita, Kula Prasad
    An experiment was carried out on the topic “Sex separate rearing in relation to the performance on commercial broiler chicken”. 210 day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400 Y) having similar body weight from a single hatch was procured. The straight run commercial broiler chicks were reared from day-old to 21 days of age under standard managmental practices. Sex separation was done by observing the early appearance of comb in case of male birds. At 22 days of age, 180 birds were randomly selected from the flock and it was categorized into three treatment groups viz., T0 (60 Straight run or mixed sex i.e. 30 males and 30 females), T1 (60 males) and T2 (60 females). Each group was divided into 3 replicates with 20 chicks each. The chicks were wing banded and reared under deep litter system of management throughout the experimental period following standard managmental practices. All the birds were offered ad libitum drinking water and commercial feed throughout the experimental period. During the 6 weeks’ trial period following parameters were studied: body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, broiler performance efficiency index, cost of production, uniformity, survivability, carcass characteristics and organoleptic evaluation. The final body weight per broiler was highest in T1 (male) group (2509.17 ± 22.24 g) followed by T0 (mixed-sex) group (2322.11 ± 33.38 g) and T2 (female) group (2226.67 ± 19.64 g). The highest weight gains at 6th week was observed in T2 (female) group (281.50 ± 15.41 g) followed by T1 (male) (254.50 ± 18.31g) group and T0 (mixed-sex) (230.87 ± 12.07 g) group. At 4th and 5th week of age the weekly average feed intake was highest in T1 (male) group (915.66 and1509.55 g) followed by T0 (mixed-sex) group (888.83 and 1410.5g) and T2 (female) group (824.66 and 1234.5 g). At 6th week of age the highest feed intake was observed in T2 (female) group (607.166g) followed by T0 (mixed-sex) (495.33g) and T1 (male) (488 g) group. The overall F.C.R was best in T1 (male) group (1.77, 1.90 and 1.91) followed by T0 (mixed-sex) (1.77, 1.92 and 2.11) and T2 (female) (1.83, 1.94 and 2.15) group. Broiler performance efficiency index was found to be highest in T1 (male) group (108.15) followed by T0 (mixed-sex) (98.81) and T2 (female) group (87.26). The livability was cent percent in T1 (male) and T2 (female) group. In T0 (mixed-sex) livability was 85 percent. The cost of production per broiler was higher in T1 (male) group compared to T2 (female) and T0 (mixed-sex) respectively. However, the gross profit per broiler was higher by Rs. 23.21 in T1 (male) group and Rs.14.53in T0 (mixed-sex) as compared to T2 (female) group. At the final body weight the highest uniformity was observed in T1 (male) (90%) group compared to T2 (female) (80%) and T0 (mixed-sex) (70.17 %) respectively. The carcass quality traits namely live weight, gizzard percent yield and heart percent yield of different treatment groups did not differ significantly and dressed percent yield, liver percent yield and gizzard percent yield was differed significantly. The dressed percent yield was significantly higher in T1 (male) group (71.56 ± 0.01) compared toT0 (mixed-sex) (70.22 ± 0.05) and T2 (female) (69.31 ± 0.07). The highest liver percent yield was observed in T1 (male) group (1.74 ± 0.13), T2 (female) (1.66 ± 0.03) and T0 (mixed-sex) (1.33 ± 0.03). Significantly higher value of giblet was observed in T1 (male) group (3.17 ± 0.14) compared to T2 (female) (3.06 ± 0.07) and T0 (mixed-sex) (2.70 ± 0.05). Among the cut up parts the neck and breast percent yield showed the significant difference. The highest neck percent yield was observed in T0 (mixed sex) (5.43± 0.24) compared to T1 (male) (4.82 ± 0.10) and T2 (female) (4.54 ± 0.12) compared to T0 (mixed-sex) (36.02 ± 0.58) and T1 (male) (33.75 ± 0.79). The average score for organoleptic character such as tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability of meat of broilers observed no significant difference (P<0.05) except flavor. The flavor was significantly higher in T1 (male) group (7.26 ± 0.09) as compared to T0 (mixed-sex) (7.16 ± 0.07) and T2 (female) (6.89 ± 0.08) group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FEEDING GARLIC (Allium sativum) AS PREBIOTIC ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-07) BORGOHAIN, BONDANA; Mahanta, J. D.
    This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding garlic (Allium sativum) as prebiotic on the performance of commercial broiler chicken. One hundred and forty four day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400 Y) having similar body weight from a single hatch was procured. The chicks were randomly divided into four groups viz. T0, T1, T2 and T3 containing 36 chicks in each groups. Each group was further subdivided into 3 replicates of 12 chicks in each group. The chicks were wing banded and reared under deep litter system of management throughout the experimental period following standard and uniform managemental practices. The birds under T0 group were offered basal diet without addition of garlic powder. The birds under T1, T2 and T3 groups were given garlic powder with feed at the rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% level respectively. All the experimental groups were provided commercial brand of probiotic powder (Probios) at the recommended dose of 1g/litre of drinking water. For preparation of garlic powder, garlic bulbs were peeled off and sun-dried for three days. Then these bulbs were dried in Hot Air Oven at a temperature of 500C. The dried substances were ground to obtain the dry garlic powder and were stored at room temperature and used in the feeds of broiler chickens for a period of six (6) weeks. The garlic powder was incorporated into the diets at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% levels (on dry matter basis). All the birds under control and treatment groups were offered ad libitum feed and water throughout the experimental period. The birds of all the four groups were reared separately and maintained under uniform managemental condition. During the six (6) weeks of experimental period, following parameters were studied: performance traits like weekly feed intake and feed consumption, weekly body weight and body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Broiler Performance Efficiency Index (BPEI) and Livability, economics of production, carcass traits like carcass quality traits, relative organ weights including lymphoid organs, haematological parameters like hemoglobin , Packed Cell Volume , total RBC count, total WBC count and WBC differential count (Neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte) and biochemical parameters like total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, serum glucose and ALT. The total feed consumption per broiler for different experimental groups was highest in T2 group (3633.23g) and lowest in T0 group (3390.96g). The final body weight per broiler was highest in T2 group (2175.00± 31.90 g) followed by T3 (2008.3± 34.13 g), T1 (1986.11± 30.85 g) and T0 (1904.86± 27.05 g). The overall FCR of the entire period of the experimental groups was best in T2 group (1.67) followed by T3 (1.74), T0 (1.78) and T1 (1.80) group. Among the different experimental groups, T2 showed the highest BPEI (130.24) followed by T3 (115.45), T1 (110.28) and T0 (106.96) group. The per cent livability of all the experimental groups was cent per cent (100). The cost of production per broiler including the additional cost of garlic powder was highest in T3 (Rs. 167.87) than T2 (Rs. 166.31), T1 (Rs. 157.59) and T0 (Rs. 144.70). However, gross profit per broiler was found to be highest in T2 group (Rs. 51.19) followed by T0 (Rs. 45.73), T1 (Rs. 41.01) and T3 (Rs. 32.93) group. All carcass quality traits (live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage and giblet weight) except per cent yields of giblet did not differ significantly among different experimental groups. The giblet yield (%) was significantly higher in T0 group (5.61± 0.17) than T1 (5.08± 0.10), T2 (4.88± 0.05), T3 (4.85± 0.09). The per cent yield of cut-up parts like neck, wing, back, breast, thigh and drumstick did not differ significantly among different treatment groups. The per cent weights of relative organs of broiler chicken on dressed weight basis did not differ significantly among different treatment groups except the per cent weights of liver, gizzard, lungs and abdominal fat. The per cent weights of liver, gizzard, lungs and abdominal fat of T0 group (2.41, 2.48, 0.97 1.31 per cent) were higher than the garlic fed groups. Among the lymphoid organs, both bursa and thymus showed no significant difference in per cent weights between the different treatment groups except the per cent weights of spleen. The spleen weight decreased significantly (P<0.05) in T2 (1.68±0.07) and T3 group (1.72± 0.07) as compared to T0 (2.31±0.05) and T1 (2.27± 0.04). All the haematological parameters except haemoglobin and total RBC recorded in the present study differed significantly among different treatment groups. The total WBC was significantly higher in T2 (85.69 ± 2.18) and T3 groups (85.11 ± 1.46) as compared to T0 (71.12 ± 1.82) and T1group (72.52 ± 1.93). The WBC differential count (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte and Lymphocyte) was significantly higher in T2 (Neutrophil- 4.52 ± 0.11, Eosinophil- 0.76 ± 0.09, Monocyte- 1.08 ± 0.06 and Lymphocyte- 70.58 ± 1.00 million/mm3) and T3 groups (Neutrophil- 4.69 ± 0.11, Eosinophil- 0.89 ± 0.09, Monocyte- 1.12 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte- 71.89 ± 0.97 million/mm3) as compared to T0 (Neutrophil – 4.16 ± 0.14, Eosinophil – 0.52 ± 0.07, Monocyte – 0.91 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte – 64.19 ± 1.78) and T1group (Neutrophil- 4.32 ± 0.13, Eosinophil-0.63± 0.06, Monocyte- 0.99 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte-66.26 ± 1.65 million/mm3). The values of all the biochemical parameters (total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and ALT) except serum glucose recorded in the present study differed significantly (P<0.01) among different treatment groups. The total serum cholesterol was found lowest in T3 and T2 (109.48 and 110.89 mg/dl) as compared to T0 and T1 group (165.01 and 146.48 mg/dl). The values of HDL in T2 and T3 (82.02 and 83.13mg/dl) were significantly higher as compared to T0 and T1 group (47.42 and 57.47 mg/dl). The LDL level was significantly (P<0.01) lowest in T2 (18.27 ± 3.85 mg/dl) and highest in control group (96.85 ± 4.88 mg/dl). The serum triglycerides level was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in T3 (50.43 ± 3.11 mg/dl) and T2 (53.74 ± 2.76 mg/dl) and highest in control group (103.74 ± 2.91mg/dl). The ALT levels was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in T2 (24.27 ± 0.55 U/ml) and highest in control group (26.29 ± 0.74 U/ml). Thus, it is concluded that garlic powder can be used effectively as prebiotic in feed at the level of 1.0% to improve the overall performance of broiler chicken.