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Subject: Poultry Science × Author: BORGOHAIN, BONDANA × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2013 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FEEDING GARLIC (Allium sativum) AS PREBIOTIC ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-07) BORGOHAIN, BONDANA; Mahanta, J. D.
    This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding garlic (Allium sativum) as prebiotic on the performance of commercial broiler chicken. One hundred and forty four day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400 Y) having similar body weight from a single hatch was procured. The chicks were randomly divided into four groups viz. T0, T1, T2 and T3 containing 36 chicks in each groups. Each group was further subdivided into 3 replicates of 12 chicks in each group. The chicks were wing banded and reared under deep litter system of management throughout the experimental period following standard and uniform managemental practices. The birds under T0 group were offered basal diet without addition of garlic powder. The birds under T1, T2 and T3 groups were given garlic powder with feed at the rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% level respectively. All the experimental groups were provided commercial brand of probiotic powder (Probios) at the recommended dose of 1g/litre of drinking water. For preparation of garlic powder, garlic bulbs were peeled off and sun-dried for three days. Then these bulbs were dried in Hot Air Oven at a temperature of 500C. The dried substances were ground to obtain the dry garlic powder and were stored at room temperature and used in the feeds of broiler chickens for a period of six (6) weeks. The garlic powder was incorporated into the diets at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% levels (on dry matter basis). All the birds under control and treatment groups were offered ad libitum feed and water throughout the experimental period. The birds of all the four groups were reared separately and maintained under uniform managemental condition. During the six (6) weeks of experimental period, following parameters were studied: performance traits like weekly feed intake and feed consumption, weekly body weight and body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Broiler Performance Efficiency Index (BPEI) and Livability, economics of production, carcass traits like carcass quality traits, relative organ weights including lymphoid organs, haematological parameters like hemoglobin , Packed Cell Volume , total RBC count, total WBC count and WBC differential count (Neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte) and biochemical parameters like total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, serum glucose and ALT. The total feed consumption per broiler for different experimental groups was highest in T2 group (3633.23g) and lowest in T0 group (3390.96g). The final body weight per broiler was highest in T2 group (2175.00± 31.90 g) followed by T3 (2008.3± 34.13 g), T1 (1986.11± 30.85 g) and T0 (1904.86± 27.05 g). The overall FCR of the entire period of the experimental groups was best in T2 group (1.67) followed by T3 (1.74), T0 (1.78) and T1 (1.80) group. Among the different experimental groups, T2 showed the highest BPEI (130.24) followed by T3 (115.45), T1 (110.28) and T0 (106.96) group. The per cent livability of all the experimental groups was cent per cent (100). The cost of production per broiler including the additional cost of garlic powder was highest in T3 (Rs. 167.87) than T2 (Rs. 166.31), T1 (Rs. 157.59) and T0 (Rs. 144.70). However, gross profit per broiler was found to be highest in T2 group (Rs. 51.19) followed by T0 (Rs. 45.73), T1 (Rs. 41.01) and T3 (Rs. 32.93) group. All carcass quality traits (live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage and giblet weight) except per cent yields of giblet did not differ significantly among different experimental groups. The giblet yield (%) was significantly higher in T0 group (5.61± 0.17) than T1 (5.08± 0.10), T2 (4.88± 0.05), T3 (4.85± 0.09). The per cent yield of cut-up parts like neck, wing, back, breast, thigh and drumstick did not differ significantly among different treatment groups. The per cent weights of relative organs of broiler chicken on dressed weight basis did not differ significantly among different treatment groups except the per cent weights of liver, gizzard, lungs and abdominal fat. The per cent weights of liver, gizzard, lungs and abdominal fat of T0 group (2.41, 2.48, 0.97 1.31 per cent) were higher than the garlic fed groups. Among the lymphoid organs, both bursa and thymus showed no significant difference in per cent weights between the different treatment groups except the per cent weights of spleen. The spleen weight decreased significantly (P<0.05) in T2 (1.68±0.07) and T3 group (1.72± 0.07) as compared to T0 (2.31±0.05) and T1 (2.27± 0.04). All the haematological parameters except haemoglobin and total RBC recorded in the present study differed significantly among different treatment groups. The total WBC was significantly higher in T2 (85.69 ± 2.18) and T3 groups (85.11 ± 1.46) as compared to T0 (71.12 ± 1.82) and T1group (72.52 ± 1.93). The WBC differential count (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte and Lymphocyte) was significantly higher in T2 (Neutrophil- 4.52 ± 0.11, Eosinophil- 0.76 ± 0.09, Monocyte- 1.08 ± 0.06 and Lymphocyte- 70.58 ± 1.00 million/mm3) and T3 groups (Neutrophil- 4.69 ± 0.11, Eosinophil- 0.89 ± 0.09, Monocyte- 1.12 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte- 71.89 ± 0.97 million/mm3) as compared to T0 (Neutrophil – 4.16 ± 0.14, Eosinophil – 0.52 ± 0.07, Monocyte – 0.91 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte – 64.19 ± 1.78) and T1group (Neutrophil- 4.32 ± 0.13, Eosinophil-0.63± 0.06, Monocyte- 0.99 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte-66.26 ± 1.65 million/mm3). The values of all the biochemical parameters (total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and ALT) except serum glucose recorded in the present study differed significantly (P<0.01) among different treatment groups. The total serum cholesterol was found lowest in T3 and T2 (109.48 and 110.89 mg/dl) as compared to T0 and T1 group (165.01 and 146.48 mg/dl). The values of HDL in T2 and T3 (82.02 and 83.13mg/dl) were significantly higher as compared to T0 and T1 group (47.42 and 57.47 mg/dl). The LDL level was significantly (P<0.01) lowest in T2 (18.27 ± 3.85 mg/dl) and highest in control group (96.85 ± 4.88 mg/dl). The serum triglycerides level was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in T3 (50.43 ± 3.11 mg/dl) and T2 (53.74 ± 2.76 mg/dl) and highest in control group (103.74 ± 2.91mg/dl). The ALT levels was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in T2 (24.27 ± 0.55 U/ml) and highest in control group (26.29 ± 0.74 U/ml). Thus, it is concluded that garlic powder can be used effectively as prebiotic in feed at the level of 1.0% to improve the overall performance of broiler chicken.