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Theses

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2016 - 20173
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Subject: Animal Nutrition × End date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF CROSSBRED CALVES ON FEEDING OF PADDY AND STOVER BASED FEED BLOCK
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2016-07) Terangpi, Sangmirlin; Bhuyan, R.
    Eighteen male cross bred calves of about 9 to 10 months of age weighing average 72.2 kg body weight were randomly distributed into three treatment groups as T1, T2 and T3 respectively with 6 animals in each group by using randomized block design (RBD). T1 was fed with 100% paddy stover, concentrate mixture in the ratio 60:40 and green roughage as total mixed ration (TMR), T2 was fed with feed block consisting of 100% paddy stover, concentrate mixture and molasses in the ratio 60:30:10 and green roughage separately and T3 was fed with feed block consisting of 50% paddy stover, 50% paddy straw, concentrate mixture and molasses in the ratio 60:30:10 and green roughage separately. The three treatment groups were fed the same concentrate mixture containing 17.07 per cent DCP and 79.04 percent TDN for 90 days. Towards the end of the experiment a metabolism trial was conducted for 5 days. The average daily gain and FCE of different treatment groups were 94.44±3.18, 140.0±1.07 and 250.4±2.38 g; 19.32±0.74, 14.46±0.18 and 8.69±0.16 in T1, T2 and T3 groups respectively. Highly significant (P<0.001) difference were observed among the treatment groups in respect of gain per day and FCE. DM intake was highest in T3 followed by T2 and T1 (P<0.001). Digestibility coefficient of OM, CP and NDF were higher in T2 and T3 groups when compared with T1 (P<0.01). The digestibility coefficient of DM, CF and ADF in T2 and T3 higher (P<0.01) when compared with T1, however, no significant difference were observed between T2 and T3 groups. Digestibility coefficient of NFE was highest in T3 and lowest in T1 group (P<0.05) but no significant difference was observed between T1 and T2 and T2 and T3 groups. The EE digestibility were 62.99% in T1 and 67.91% in T3 and differences were non significant (P>0.05). All the animals of different treatment groups were in positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. The blood constituent viz. serum glucose, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin were within the normal range for crossbred calves but were highest in T3 followed by T2 and T1 (P<0.001). The serum cholesterol level was highest in T1 (P<0.001). The albumin/globulin ratio which was non significant (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Plane of nutrition revealed that protein and energy received by the different treatment groups of animals (T1, T2 and T3) were adequate for maintenance on the basis of metabolic body weight. The cost per kg gain in body weight was lowest (Rs. 91.96) in T3 group in comparison to T1 (Rs. 133.40) and T2 (Rs. 137.42). The result suggested that crossbred calves can be reared on feeding of complete feed block having 50% paddy straw, 50% paddy stover (out of 60% roughage) and concentrate with molasses in the ratio 60:30:10, plus ad lib green roughage with economic advantage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS (SWINE AND DAIRY ORIGIN) ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS UTILIZATION IN GROWING PIGS
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara,Guwahati, 2017-07) JOYSOWAL, MAMATA; Saikia, B.N.
    An experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of probiotics of dairy origin (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15) and swine origin (Pediococcus acidilactici FT28) on growth, feed conversion efficiency, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora and carcass yield of (HD-K 75 (75%H) crossbred pigs. Twenty four weaned crossbred piglets of above two months of age having average body weight 18.33±0.98 kg randomly divided into three groups i.e. C, T1 and T2. A pig grower ration was prepared as per ICAR (2013) (for medium to high growth rate). In the control ration (grower ration) probiotics of dairy origin (L. acidophilus NCDC 15) and probiotics of swine origin (P. acidilactici FT28) were added as feed additives and designated as T1 and T2 ration. The feeding trial was conducted for the entire growing period (84 days). The dry matter intake per 100 kg body weight did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. The rate of mean daily gain in body weight and feed conversion efficiency of pigs were 358.6±12.3, 418±8.61, 429.4±13.1 and 4.06±0.09, 3.51±0.14 and 3.48±0.66 in control, T1 (probiotics of dairy origin) and T2 (probiotics of swine origin) respectively. Significantly highest average daily gain in body weight and best fed conversion efficiency were found in T1and T2 group. The digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, EE CF and NFE did not differ (P>0.05) significantly between the control and treatment group. But the digestibility coefficient of crude protein of T2 (probiotic of swine origin) group and T1 (probiotic of dairy origin) differed significantly (<0.05) from control. Similarly, in case of percent retention of intake nitrogen was highest in T2 (Probiotic of swine origin) group followed by T1 (probiotic of dairy origin) group. In respect of faecal microbial count, Lactobacillus was significantly increased in T1 (probiotic of dairy origin) followed by T2 (probiotic of swine origin) group and E. coli count was decreased in T1 and T2 group. Highest (P<0.05) villi length (700.3±2.57µm) and crypt depth (123.70±81.52 µm) was observed in T2 group. Highest carcass weight was found in T2 group followed by T1 group but average vital organ weight was found to be higher T1 group followed by T2 group. Highest dressing percentage was observed in T2 group followed by T1 group. In respect of average pH value, water holding capacity and ERV, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the treatment groups. The concentration of blood glucose and cholesterol was found lowest (P<0.05) in T2 group followed by T1 group. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in respect of serum protein, serum albumin level between the treatment groups. The cost of production per kg body weight gain was found lowest in T1 group (Rs. 97.69) (Probiotic of dairy origin followed by T2 (Rs. 98.94) group (probiotics swine origin). This it is revealed that supplementation of probiotic of dairy and swine origin is beneficial in growing stage in respect of growth, feed conversion efficiency and digestibility of nutrients. The supplementation of probiotic of dairy and swine origin also improves blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphology and enhances faecal microbial count in respect of lactobacillus. Hence, it may be recommended that probiotic dairy origin (Lactobacillus acdidophillus NCDC 15, 1-2 x109 cfu/g) and swine origin (Pediococcus acidilactici FT28, 1-2 x 109 cfu/g) may be used as feed additives in growing pigs as probiotic.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF GROWING PIGS ON CORN BASED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH PHYTASE AND NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara,Guwahati, 2017-07) DUTTA, KONKONA; Bhuyan, Robin
    An experiment was conducted to study the performance of growing pigs on corn based diet supplemented with phytase and non-phytate phosphorus with twenty four castrated crossbred (Hampshire×Assam local) pigs weaned at 42 days of age. The average initial body weight of the animals ranged from 14.84±1.19 to 15.12±1.13 kg. They were divided into four different groups of 6 animals each viz. T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ and allotted to four nutritional treatments following randomized block design. Pigs in each group were offered ad libitum grower ration containing 18.26% CP and 3.17 Mcal ME/kg diet by using conventional feed ingredients viz. maize, wheat bran, soya bean, and de-oiled groundnut cake as per BIS (2001) specification of nutrient requirements. All the 4 experimental diet were supplemented with 0.2% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) in the form of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) along with different levels of phytase enzyme. T₁ ration was devoid of phytase enzyme where as T₂, T₃ and T₄ ration was supplemented with 250, 500 and 750 unit of phytase per kg diet, respectively. Feeding trial was conducted for 6 fortnights followed by 5 days of metabolism trial with 3 animals in each group. The addition of phytase enzyme increased feed consumption in all the experimental groups with the progress of age of the pigs with highest increased rate in phytase supplemented group @750 unit/kg diet. It was observed that there was significant effect (P<0.05) in the dry matter intake per 100 kg body weight and per kg W0.75. During the entire growth period, the average body weight and rate of mean daily gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T₄ group. The rate of mean daily gain was 355.04±7.72, 389.56±13.45, 425.95±17.43 and 470.12±11.63 g in T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ groups, respectively. The feed conversion efficiency improved in phytase supplemented group and was found to be significantly better (P<0.05) in T₄ amongst all the groups. There was significant difference among the groups in respect of digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and total carbohydrate. When the availability of crude protein and digestible energy was calculated against the NRC requirement, it was observed that animals received 104.32, 126.15, 143.0 and 148.68 percent CP and 145.04, 150.83, 172.31 and 180.99 percent DE in T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ groups respectively. No significant effects (P>0.05) of phytase addition were observed on blood biochemical constituents like glucose, total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidase. Feed cost per kg gain was Rs. 112.45, Rs. 112.57, Rs. 114.85 and Rs. 108.95 for T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ group, respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of phytase @ 750 unit/kg feed along with 0.2% NPP in the form of DCP is advantageous for growing pigs in terms of growth and economic return.