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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding protected proteins on milk yield and nutrient utilization in crossbred cows(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, 2022-09) Haloi, Sikhamoni; Bhuyan, RobinAn experiment was conducted to assess the effect of feeding protected proteins on milk yield, milk quality, nutrient utilization and cost of production in crossbred cows. Eighteen lactating crossbred cows of almost similar milk yield and parity were randomly divided into three groups of six animals each. Randomized block design (RBD) technique was followed for the study. Experimental cows were allotted to three dietary treatments (T0, T1 and T2). T0 was considered as control group and T1 and T2 as treatment groups. Feeding of roughage and concentrate mixture having soybean meal (untreated) was offered in T0 group; while concentrate mixture with heat treated and formaldehyde treated soybean meal was offered to T1 and T2 group, respectively. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 120 days followed by digestibility trial of 5 days. The average dry matter (DM) intake (kg/Day) was 10.98±0.04, 11.05±0.05 and 11.02±0.05 for T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively and did not differ significantly among groups. The DM intake (kg) per 100 kg body weight was 3.34 ±0.07, 3.40 ±0.07 and 3.35 ±0.05 for T0, T1 and T2 group, respectively. The DM intakes (g) per kg W0.75 body size was 141.92 ± 2.21, 144.44 ± 2.22 and 142.32 ± 1.31 for the corresponding groups. The DM intake per 100 kg body weight and per kg W0.75 body size did not differ significantly among groups. The percent digestibility of DM, CP were significantly higher in T1 and T2 group over T0 group, however digestibility of EE, CF, NFE, NDF and ADF did not differ significantly among groups . The average daily milk yield (kg/Day) was 7.70 ± 0.98, 9.01 ± 0.14 and 8.93 ± 0.14 for the T0, T1 and T2 group, respectively which was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T1 and T2 group compared to T0 group. The average FCM yield (kg/Day) was 8.12 ± 0.16, 9.42 ± 0.17 and 9.30 ± 0.18 in T0, T1 and T2 respectively which was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T1 and T2 group in comparison to T0 group. The milk parameters like fat, protein, lactose, total solid, solid not fat did not differ significantly among groups. The total serum protein (g/dl), albumin (g/dl) and albumin globulin ratio was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T1 and T2 group compare to T0 group. The creatinine (mg/dl) and globulin (g/dl) concentration of blood were significantly lower in (P<0.01) in T1 and T2 group compared to T0 group. The gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L) concentration of blood was comparable among the groups. Rumen degradable protein (RDP) percentages were 26.47 ± 0.02, 22.52 ± 0.01 and 22.53 ± 0.02 for untreated, heat treated and formaldehyde treated soybean meal, respectively. Undegradable dietary protein (UDP) percentages were 18.55± 0.01, 22.51 ± 0.01 and 22.52 ±0.01 for the corresponding feeds. RDP percentages were lower in (P<0.01) in heat treated and formaldehyde treated soybean meal than untreated soybean meal whereas UDP percentages were significantly higher (P<0.01) in heat treated and formaldehyde treated soybean meal compared to untreated soybean meal. The feed cost per kg of milk was lower in T1 and T2 groups (Rs.28.77 and Rs.29.60) compared to T0 (Rs.32.83) group. It was observed that feeding of heat treated soybean meal (T1) and formaldehyde treated soybean meal (T2) showed better results in terms of milk yield, FCM yield and digestibility of nutrients like dry matter and crude protein over untreated soybean meal (T0). Hence, it can be concluded that treatment of soybean meal has a significant effect on milk yield due to enhancement of nutrient bioavailability caused by lowering of rumen degradable protein (RDP). Comparing the heat treatment and formaldehyde treatment of soybean meal, heat treatment could be recommended from practical and economic point of view as there is no risk of chemicals.
