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2013 - 20162
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Subject: Animal Genetics and Breeding × End date: 2016 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BODY CONFORMATION, FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS AND POLYMORPHISM OF KAP 8.2 GENE IN NAGALAND LONG HAIRED GOAT
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-07) SHEETAL, J. C. K; Aziz, Abdul
    The present work was undertaken to study body conformation, body weight and important fibre characteristics as well as to identify polymorphism in genomic sequences of KAP 8.2 gene and its association with fibre traits on Nagaland Long Haired Goat of Nagaland. A total of 75 animals of both sex constituted the material of the study for body conformation, body weight and fibre characteristics, whereas polymorphism of KAP 8.2 gene were studied on 25 animals. The pooled averages for length of horn, distance between horns at base, distance between horns at middle, distance between horns at tip, circumference of horn at base, circumference of horn at middle, and circumference of horn at tip were 11.165 ± 0.036, 2.827 ± 0.046, 5.818 ± 0.049, 8.818 ± 0.049, 8.996 ± 0.119, 6.096 ± 0.029, 2.423 ± 0.020 cm respectively in age group G4. The corresponding value for the above traits were 11. 933 ± 0.078, 3.203 ± 0.035, 6.203 ± 0.035, 9.203 ± 0.179, 9.161 ± 0.063, 6.332 ± 0.048, 3.433 ± 0.188 cm respectively in age group G5. The pooled averages for length of head, breadth of head and eye to eye space were 13.766 ± 0.179, 6.742 ± 0.040 and 6.525 ± 0.049 cm respectively in G1; 14.225 ± 0.029, 6.921 ± 0.040, 6.604 ± 0.038 cm respectively in G2; 14.404 ± 0.029, 7.167 ± 0.027 and 7.035 ± 0.134 cm respectively in G3; 14.798 ± 0.031, 7.398 ± 0.028 and 7.766 ± 0.219 cm respectively in G4; 15.280 ± 0.330, 7.611 ± 0.025 and 8.445 ± 0.116 cm respectively in G5. The pooled averages for length of body, height at withers and heart girth were 35.675 ± 0.146, 32.850 ± 0.367 and 36.515 ± 0.170 cm respectively in G1; 38.312 ± 0.205, 36.401 ± 0.241 and 38.066 0.639 cm respectively in G2; 41.363 ± 0.148, 40.446 ± 0.375 and 42.072 ± 0.211 cm respectively in G3; 44.385 ± 0.197, 42.721 ± 0.357 and 46.305 ± 0.265 cm respectively in G4; 47.531 ± 0.406, 44.626 ± 0.308 and 48.450 ± 0.347 cm respectively in G5. The pooled averages for tail length and body weight were 10.208 ± 0.126 cm and 3.625 ± 0.167 kg respectively in G1; 10.941 ± 0.277 cm and 4.683 ± 6.328 kg respectively in G2; 11.424 ± 0.150 cm and 8.211 ± 0.127 kg respectively in G3; 12.161 ± 0.117 cm and 12.369 ± 0.303 kg respectively in G4; 12.991 ± 0.085 cm and 13.812 ± 0.119 kg respectively in G5. The pooled averages for fibre length and fibre diameter were 4.117 ± 0.054 cm and 0.087 ± 0.049 g respectively in G1; 5.242 ± 0.042 cm and 0.099 ± 0.047 g respectively in G2; 5.943 ± 0.095 cm and 0.147 ± 0.028 g respectively in G3; 9.367 ± 0.180 cm and 0.228 ± 0.084 g respectively in G4; 13.245 ± 0.526 cm and 0.228 ± 0.084 g respectively in G5. Genetic variations of KAP 8.2 gene studied on 25 animals (11 male and 14 female) revealed polymorphism. The goats with AB genotype had significantly thicker fibre diameter as compared to those with AA genotype.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIGENOUS PIGS OF MEGHALAYA (NIANG MEGHA) AND ASSAM (DOOM)
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2013-07) KHARGHARIA, GAUTAM; Zaman, Galib Uz
    Characterization of indigenous livestock population is of utmost importance for their conservation and genetic improvement for sustainable utilization in future. The present study was carried out on phenotypic and genetic characterization of indigenous pigs of Meghalaya (Niang Megha) and Assam (Doom). A total of 99 farrowing records of Niang Megha pigs maintained at the Livestock Farm, Livestock Production Division, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya and 40 farrowing records of Doom pigs maintained under the GOI sponsored project on “Conservation of Doom pig”, Livestock Research Station, AAU, Mandira, Kamrup, Assam were utilized for the present investigation. Genetic characterization of indigenous pigs of Meghalaya and Assam was carried out utilizing 14 microsatellite markers. The averages for litter size at birth, litter size at weaning, litter weight at birth, litter weight at weaning, age at first estrus, age at first fertile service, age at first farrowing, farrowing interval and gestation period were 6.080 ± 0.219, 5.202 ± 0.190, 3.172 ± 0.107 kg, 30.614 ± 1.199 kg, 221.173 ± 1.527 days, 246.440 ± 1.385 days, 347.813 ± 3.516 days, 206.121 ± 0.785 days and 111.848 ± 0.136 days respectively in Niang Megha and 6.250 ± 0.237, 5.025 ± 0.210, 3.475 ± 0.114 kg, 30.289 ± 1.184 kg, 225.600 ± 1.494 days, 250.567 ± 1.481 days, 368.000 ± 1.537 days, 213.533 ± 0.396 days and 112.044 ± 0.295 days respectively in Doom pigs. The averages for body weight at birth, weaning, 3 months, 6 months, 8 months and 12 months of age were found to be 0.520 ± 0.003 kg, 5.967 ± 0.039 kg, 10.299 ± 0.056 kg, 21.585 ± 1.263 kg, 30.633 ± 0.163 kg and 39.350 ± 0.178 kg respectively in Niang Megha and 0.556 ± 0.003 kg, 5.944 ± 0.412 kg, 10.738 ± 0.087 kg, 24.241 ± 0.251 kg, 42.925 ± 0.852 kg and 49.879 ± 0.911 kg respectively in Doom pigs. The average body length, height at wither, heart girth and neck girth respectively at birth, at weaning and at adult age in Niang Megha was recorded as 17.256 ± 0.062 cm, 11.293 ± 0.053 cm, 18.107 ± 0.050 cm, 14.450 ± 0.077 cm; 34.498 ± 0.116 cm, 23.969 ± 0.103 cm, 33.127 ± 0.080 cm, 28.124 ± 0.049 cm and 58.505 ± 0.341 cm, 45.636 ± 0.423 cm, 62.150 ± 0.268 cm, 52.411 ± 0.323 cm and in Doom pigs as 17.620 ± 0.070 cm, 12.224 ± 0.064 cm, 21.705 ± 0.152 cm, 15.175 ± 0.092 cm; 35.318 ± 0.067 cm, 25.767 ± 0.108 cm, 35.982 ± 0.170 cm, 31.542 ± 0.182 cm and 74.647 ± 0.561 cm, 58.115 ± 0.329 cm, 78.322 ± 0.654 cm and 64.705 ± 0.345 cm. The coat colour pattern of Niang Megha pig revealed that 26.582 per cent animals were solid black and 73.418 per cent were black with white patches on forehead and legs. The coat colour of Doom pig was observed to be black in all the animals studied. Significantly (P<0.05) lower averages were found in Niang Megha pigs as compared to Doom pigs in respect of age at first estrus, age at first fertile service, age at first farrowing and farrowing interval. The body weights of Doom pigs at all the ages except at weaning were found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to Niang Megha. The conformation traits studied viz. body length, height at wither, heart girth and neck girth were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Doom pigs as compared to Niang Megha at birth, weaning and at adult age. A total of 14 microsatellite markers recommended by FAO/ISAG were employed to understand the genetic characteristics and the genetic relationships of the two pig populations. The results indicated that all the loci were polymorphic and highly informative. The observed number of alleles ranged from 5 (SW911) to 9 (S0026) in Niang Megha and from 7 (S0155, S0002 and SW911) to 11 (S0005) in Doom pigs with a total of 143 alleles in the two populations studied. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.857 ± 0.294 in Niang Megha and 8.571 ± 0.343 in Doom pigs with an average value of 7.714 ± 0.276. The average effective number of alleles was 4.504 ± 0.266 in Niang Megha and 5.316 ± 0.228 in Doom pigs. The Shannon information index was 1.757 ± 0.038, indicating high genetic diversity. The observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.667 ± 0.043 and 0.767 ± 0.015 respectively for Niang Megha pigs. The observed heterozygosity was lower in Doom pigs (0.657 ± 0.049) as compared to Niang Megha. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was found to be 0.734 ± 0.017 in Niang Megha and 0.785 ± 0.010 in Doom pigs. Genetic difference between the two populations was low with an average FST value of 0.050, which showed that the average proportion of genetic variation explained by population differences was 5 %. The FIS ranged between -0.132 (S0026) and 0.492 (S0225) in Niang Megha with an average of 0.132 ± 0.052 and between -0.117 (S0101) and 0.669 (SW911) in Doom pigs with an average of 0.188 ± 0.058. When the agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was tested, 9 and 7 out of 14 loci showed significant deviations from HWE in Niang Megha and Doom pigs respectively. Deviations from HWE are linked to a high positive FIS value. Non significant heterozygote excess on the basis of infinite allele model (IAM), two phase model of mutation (TPM) and stepwise mutation model (SMM) as revealed by sign test, standardized differences and Wilcoxon sign rank tests, along with a normal L - shaped distribution of mode shift test indicated no recent bottleneck in both the populations. Genetic distance between the two pig populations was 0.424, which showed that the two populations are distinct from each other. The microsatellite markers used in the present investigation proved to be useful for genetic characterization studies of the pig populations and the present study contributed to the knowledge on phenotypic and genetic characterization of the pig populations of North East India.