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20211
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Subject: Animal Biochemistry × Author: HAZARIKA, DIPANKAR × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES AND MICROPARTICLES USED AS ORAL VACCINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR POULTRY
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2021-08) HAZARIKA, DIPANKAR; Tamuly, Shantanu
    Nanoparticles and microparticles offer great applications in the field of biological sciences in terms of oral drug and vaccine delivery systems. The present study was carried out to evaluate in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity associated with chitosan nanoparticles, Gantrez® nanoparticles and poly-lactide co-glycolide (PLG) microparticle in Vero cell line and poultry bird model. The Gantrez® nanoparticles, PLG microparticles and chitosan nanoparticles were administered orally to the week old poultry birds at the limit dose of 2 g per kg body weight for assessment of oral acute toxicity and were found to be safe as the birds did not show any mortality in 24 hours post administration and the birds did not show any clinical signs till 14 days post administration. For assessment of subacute toxicity, the chitosan nanoparticles, PLG microparticles and Gantrez® nanoparticles were administered at the dose rate used in vaccine delivery that is 3 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg respectively and in the dose rate 10 times of the former. The second dose was administered after 14 days. No significant elevation of serum AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine were observed in the treated groups. In addition, the significant influence of the chitosan nanoparticles, PLG microparticles, and Gantrez® nanoparticles on elevation of blood SOD, GPx and catalase were not observed. The significant upregulation of HSP70 gene expression was observed in the spleen of the group treated with PLG microparticle at the dose rate of 150 mg/kg and in the liver of the group treated with Gantrez® nanoparticle at the dose rate of 15 mg/kg. On histopathological investigation, mild changes of congestion and haemorrhage was observed in kidney of the group treated with PLG microparticles at the dose rate of 150 mg/kg body wt. while in case of liver focal aggregation of mononuclear cell was observed in Gantrez® nanoparticles at the dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight treated group. The congested capillaries in spleen were observed in the group treated PLG microparticles at the dose rate of 150 mg/kg body weight. The groups treated with vaccine dose of chitosan nanoparticles, Gantrez® nanoparticles and PLG microparticles have shown normal cellular architecture. In in vitro study in Vero cell line, the concentration of chitosan nanoparticles and Gantrez® nanoparticles up to 1000 μg/ml did not have any influence in cellular metabolic activities and viability. However, a reduction in the cellular viability and metabolic activities were observed when PLG microparticles were used at 1000 μg/ml. At lower concentrations, all the nanoparticles/microparticles were found to be safe in terms of cytotoxicity.