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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF BABY CORN AS INFLUENCED BY SPACING AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018) Neelam; Dutta, Rinjumoni
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of baby corn as influenced by spacing and nutrient management” was conducted at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the summer season, 2017 to find out the effect of spacing on production of baby corn and to study the performance of baby corn under different nutrient management practices. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of four spacing viz., 40 cm x 20 cm (S1), 40 cm x 25 cm (S2), 45 cm x 20 cm (S3) and 45 cm x 25 cm (S4) in main plot and three nutrient management practices viz., 120-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O (kg/ha) (I1), 75% of N of I1 + 25% N replaced by VC (I2) and 50% of N of I1 + 50% N replaced by VC (I3) in sub-plot. The baby corn variety VL-78 was sown on 7th March, 2017. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in organic carbon (0.72%), low in available N (224.12 kg/ha) and medium in available P2O5 (24.48 kg/ha) and K2O (161.32 kg/ha). Experimental findings revealed that spacing 40 cm x 20 cm and 45 cm x 20 cm had significantly higher plant height and leaf area index as compared to 40 cm x 25 cm and 45 cm x 25 cm at 45 DAS and at harvest. Spacing had non-significant effect on days taken to 50 per cent silking and baby corn initiation. Wider spacing of 45 cm x 25 cm had significantly more number of cobs per plant, weight of cob and length of cob with as well as without husk and baby corn girth, while all of them were found to be at their lowest with closer spacing of 40 cm x 20 cm. However, yield of cob with husk, without husk and fodder yield was found to be the higher under spacing 45 cm x 20 cm i.e. 89.93 q/ha, 18.65 q/ha and 289.08 q/ha respectively. Cob yield with husk obtained under 45 cm x 20 cm spacing increased by 4.10 per cent, 5.58 per cent and 8.64 per cent over other spacing viz., 45 cm x 25 cm, 40 cm x 25 cm and 40 cm x 20 cm respectively. Total N, P and K uptake was also found to be higher under 45 cm x 20 cm spacing than rest of the spacing treatments. Spacing had non-significant effect on available N, P2O5 and K2O (kg/ha) status of soil after harvest. The different nutrient management practices showed significant influence on growth parameters and all yield attributing characters of baby corn. Better results were obtained with the integrated nutrient management practices over the application of chemical fertilizers alone. Among various proportions of fertilizer and vermicompost, application of 75% of N of I1 + 25% N replaced by VC recorded the highest values for plant height and leaf area index. Similar trend of results were observed in yield attributing characters viz., number of cobs per plant, weight of cob and length of cob with as well as without husk and girth of baby corn. 75% of N of I1 + 25% N replaced by VC resulted into production of maximum cob yield with husk (90.62 q/ha), cob yield without husk (19.30 q/ha) and green fodder yield (294.15 q/ha). Higher uptake of total N, P and K at harvest was also reported from this treatment. However, nutrient status of soil after harvest of the baby corn was found higher under treatment 50% of N of I1 + 50% N replaced by VC. In terms of economics, higher gross return ( 1,63,803/ha), net return ( 1,32,422/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (4.21) was recorded from 45 cm x 20 cm spacing. Among different nutrient management practices 75% of N of I1 + 25% N replaced by VC recorded the highest gross return ( 1,65,345) and net return ( 1,33,954). However, the highest benefit-cost ratio (4.67) was recorded from treatment 120-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O (kg/ha) followed by 75% of N of I1 + 25% N replaced by VC (4.26).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING AND PLANTING METHODS ON PERENNIAL GRASSES
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018) deori, Chinmoy; Thakuira, K.
    A field experimentwas conducted from October, 2016 to December, 2017 at the Instructional – cum Research Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to evaluate the performance of three perennial grasses under sole and intercropping systems adopting two planting methods.The treatments consisted of three sole croppings (Hybrid napier, Setaria and Guinea), and combinations of three intercroppings, (Hybrid napier + Setaria,Hybrid napier+Guinea and Setaria + Guinea) with two planting methods (Alternate row and Alternate row and column). Altogether 9 treatments were allotted in randomized block design with four replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy - loam in texture with acidic in soil reaction (pH 5.11), medium in organic carbon (0.61%), available P2O5 (22.94 kg/ha) and available K2O (143.54 kg/ha) but low in available N (164.30 kg/ha). A uniform dose of 5t FYM/ha along with 40-40-20 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ha was applied as basal one day ahead of planting of perennial grasses. Subsequent application of nitrogen @ 30 kg/ha was done after each cutting of all the perennial grasses. Rooted slips of setaria and guinea except for hybrid napier @ three slips/pit and three budded stem cuttings in case of hybrid napier @ one cutting/pit were planted on 3 October, 2016 as per treatment by making pits of 6-8 cm diameter and 10-12 cm deep in well prepared land. All the sole and intercrops were harvested observing their growth. During the year of establishment (2016), only one cut was taken and four cuts were taken in 2017. The total rainfall received during the growing period of grasses in 2016 and 2017 was 138.5 mm and 2290.8 mm in 10 and 126 rainy days, respectively. The total green fodder yield of grasses was not significant when sole and other treatments were compared. However, the effect of sole cropping of all three grasses was found to be significant at all cuts and total of all cuts in 2017. Sole cropping of setaria recorded the highest green fodder yield over the other sole croppings. The effect of intercropping was significant only at third and fourth cuts of the year 2017. Intercropping, Setaria + Guinea recorded the highest green fodder yield over the other intercroppings. Though the effect of planting methods was not significant, slight increase in green fodder yield was noticed when alternate row and column method was followed in intercropping. The average green fodder yield of two years (5 cuts) showed that sole cropping of setaria and intercropping, Hybrid napier + Setaria in alternate row and column method produced the highest green fodder yield. The total dry matter yield failed to differ significantly when sole and other intercroppings were compared as a whole in both the years.In the year 2016 and at fourth cut in 2017, sole cropping of guinea recorded the highest dry matter yield. However, the total of all cuts during 2017, sole cropping of setaria produced the highest dry matter yield. The average data of two years when compared show that hybrid napier as sole cropping and intercropping,Setaria + Guinea in alternate row and column method recorded the highest dry matter yield. The crude protein content of grasses when compared individually, none of the treatments were found to be significant. However, intercropping, Hybrid napier + Setaria and Hybrid napier+Guineawith alternate row method recorded the highest crude protein content of hybrid napier. Similarly, intercropping, Setaria + Guinea in alternate row and column method recorded the highest crude protein content of setaria and sole planting of guinea recorded the highest crude protein content in both the years. The total crude protein yield had no any significant difference when both sole and other treatments as a whole were compared. Sole cropping of guinea recorded the highest crude protein yield during 2016 and sole cropping of setaria recorded the highest crude protein yield during 2017. The effect of intercroppings was not significant, however, intercropping, Hybrid napier+Guinearecorded the highest crude protein yield during 2016 and intercropping, Setaria + Guinea recorded the highest crude protein yield during 2017. The average data of two years showed that sole cropping of guinea and intercropping,Setaria+Guineain alternate row and column method recorded the highest crude protein yield. The average land equivalent ratio (LER) value of two years recorded highest in intercropping, Setaria + Guinea with alternate row and column method. The competition ratio (CR) values in the year of establishment when compared showed that guinea was more competitive, however during 2017, setaria was more competitive when intercropped with either hybrid napier or guinea in both the planting methods. The different sole and intercroppings of grasses as well as planting methods could not bring about any significant change in pH, organic carbon and available N, P2O5 and K2O contents in soil. The net profit and net profit per rupee invested were recorded highest with sole cropping of hybrid napier during 2016 and with setaria during 2017. Among intercropping, Hybrid napier + Setariarecorded the highest net profit and net profit per rupee invested during both the years and average over two years.Alternate row and column method (AR&C) also recorded higher net profit as well as net profit per rupee invested over the alternate row method (AR).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of nitrogen levels and seed rate on fodder productivity of rye grass (Lolium multiflorum)
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018-07) Bora, Sarat Sekhar; Sharma, K. K.
    A field experiment was carried out at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2016-2017. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design replicated thrice to assess the “Effect of nitrogen levels and seed rate on fodder productivity of rye grass (Loliummultiflorum)”. The treatments consisted of three different seed rates in main plot viz., 10 kg/ha, 15 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha along with four nitrogen levelsviz.0 kg/ha, 30 kg/ha, 60 kg/haand 90 kg/ha in sub-plots. It was revealed that effect of seed rates of rye grass was found to be significant on various growth and yield parameters. A seed rate of 20 kg/ha was found to be statistically superior in regards to growth parameters in all the three cuts viz. 1st, 2nd and 3rd cut as compared to15 kg and10 kg seed rate/ha. The highest green forage yield(330.30 q/ha) andcrude protein yield (6.21 q/ha)were obtained withseed rate of 20 kg/haand was significantly superior to 15 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha. The dry matter yield were also found to be significantly higher in seed rate of 20 kg/ha (71.88 q/ha). Effect of graded dose of nitrogen revealed that increasing levels of nitrogen from 0 kg to 90 kg/ha has sown positive trend in almost all the growth and yield parameters. Application of 90 kg N/ha resulted in higher values in almost all the growth and yield parameters. The highest green forage yield (381.43 q/ha) dry matter yield (83.179 q/ha) and crude protein yield (7.43 q/ha) were obtained in 90 kg N /ha and was found to be significantly superior to all other lower doses of nitrogen (60kg and 30 kgN/ha). Interaction effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels were found to be significant in respect of important parameters like plant height,tillers/m2, green forage yield,drymatter yield and crude protein yield. Economic indices indicated that the highest net return ofRs. 51253.00and B:C ratio of 1.58 were recorded in 20 kg/ha seed rate as compared to other lower seed rate (15 kg and 10 kg/ha).In case of nitrogen levels, higher net return was founddue to application of 90 kg N/ha (Rs. 48777.00/ha) with B:C ratio of 1.59. The present investigation revealed that rye grass as rabiforage crop responded positively to increase levels of seed rate and nitrogen in respect of forage productivity and quality. Application of 20kg /ha seed rate in combination with 90kg N/ha has been found to be more productive and profitable in rye grass.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF NUTRIENT AND WEED IN YELLOW SARSON [Brassica rapa L. var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Kitam] UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018-07) Gogoi, Kalpana; Choudhary, J.K.
    An experiment entitled “Integrated management of nutrient and weed in yellow sarson (Brassica rapa L. var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Kitam) under rainfed condition” was conducted at Instructional-cum-Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to find out the effect of integrated weed management (IWM) on growth and yield of yellow sarson and a suitable integrated nutrient management (INM) practice for yellow sarson. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of five INM practices viz., control (N0), RDF (60-30-30 kg/ha N, P2O5, K2O, N1), 25% RDF + 75% of N through vermicompost (N2), 50% RDF + 50% of N through vermicompost (N3) and 75% RDF + 25% of N through vermicompost (N4), and, three IWM practices viz., weedy check (W0), pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha pre-em+MW 20DAS (W1) and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha pre-em+MW 20DAS (W2). The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH: 5.6 and 5.5), medium in organic carbon (0.58% and 0.54%), available N (259.86kg/ha and 255.75kg/ha) and available K2O (160.82kg/ha and 156.49kg/ha) and low in available P2O5 (20.87kg/ha and 20.00kg/ha) in the years 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The weed flora of the experimental field were Paspalum conjugatum L., Axonopus compressus (Sw.)P. Beauv., Cynodon dactylon (L)Pers., Panicum repens L., and Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn., among the grasses; Cyperus esculentus L. among the sedge; and Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb., Soliva anthemifolia, Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Oxalis corniculata L., Melochia corchorifolia L., Chenopodium album L., Commelina benghalensis L., Mimosa pudica L. and Polygonum plebeium R.Br. The data revealed that the density and dry weight of weeds during both the years were found to be significantly lesser with N4 compared to rest of the treatments. As a result, the content and uptake of N, P and K by weeds were found to be significantly lesser with N4. Moreover, the growth parameters (barring N3 which was at par with N4) and yield attributing characters were significantly improved due to N4. The highest seed yield (969.00 and 949.00kg/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively) and stover yield (2921.11 and 2846.67kg/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively) of yellow sarson were recorded with N4. The oil content, oil yield, N, P and K content and uptake also increased with N4. In respect of IWM, W2 i.e., pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha pre-em + MW 20 DAS was found to result in significantly lesser density and dry weight of weeds with lower NPK content and uptake in weeds. The growth and yield attributing characters of yellow sarson were improved with W2 which also recorded the highest seed yield (964.00 and 943.33 kg/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively) and stover yield (2900.67 and 2830.00 kg/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively). With regard to oil content, oil yield, N, P and K content and uptake, the values were significantly higher with W2. The INM interacted significantly with IWM in respect of seed and stover yields of yellow sarson. The combination of N4W2 was found to be superior with 1210.00 and 1190.00 kg/ha seed yield and 3673.33 and 3570.00 kg/ha stover yield during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The comparative economics highlighted that N4W2 combination resulted in the highest gross return (Rs. 62336.5/ha and Rs. 61285/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively), net return (Rs.39378.5/ha and Rs.38327/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively) and benefit:cost ratio (2.71 and 2.66 during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COPING UP WITH CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY THROUGH THE PRACTICE OF DIRECT SEEDING OF EARLY AHU RICE UNDER MEDIUM LAND SITUATION
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018-07) BHATTACHARJYA, DIBYARISHI; Sarma, A.
    A field experiment entitled “Coping up with climate change variability through the practice of direct seeding of early ahu rice under medium land situation” was carried out at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2017 to developthe irrigation schedule of direct seeded early ahu rice under medium land situation and to develop package of practices for direct seeded early ahu rice to suit the variability in rainfall pattern covering the angle of nutrient management practices. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes viz. irrigation at 80% available water till onset of pre-monsoon rain (I1), irrigation at 70% available water till onset of pre-monsoon rain (I2), irrigation at 60% available water till onset of pre-monsoon rain (I3) and rainfed (I4) as main plot and three nutrient management treatmentsviz. full P as basal + ½ N and ½ K at 20 DAS + ½ N and ½ K at 40 DAS (N1), full P as basal, 1/3 N and 1/3 K as basal + 1/3 N and 1/3 K at 20 DAS + 1/3 N and 1/3 K at 40 DAS (N2) and full P as basal, ½ N and ½ K as basal + ¼ N and ¼ K at 20 DAS + ¼ N and ¼ K at 40 DAS (N3) as sub plotand control (transplanted early ahu rice with recommended water and fertilizer management practices). The soil of the experimental plot was silt loam in texture having pH 5.2, organic carbon 7.2 g/kg, alkaline KMnO4 extractable N 181.0 kg/ha, Brays-I P 10.7 kg/ha and 1 N ammonium acetate extractable K 227.9 kg/ha. It contained soil moisture 27.6% at -0.03 MPa and 9.6 % at -1.5 MPa with bulk density of 1.34 g/cc. The rice variety “Inglongkiri” was sown on 18th February, 2017. The control treatment with recommended water and nutrient management practice was transplanted on 17th March, 2017. The direct seeded crop was harvested on 15thJune, 2017 and the transplanted crop (control) was harvested on 22nd June, 2017. Experimental findings revealed thatirrigation at 80% available water till onset of pre monsoon rain (I1) recorded the highest values for all the morphological and physiological parameters along with the yield, yield attributing characters, nutrient (N,P and K) uptake and water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop. The highest grain yield (39.83 q/ha) and straw yield (90.96 q/ha) wererecorded atirrigation at 80% available water (I1). However, nutrient content in soil after harvest of the crop was found to be non-significant. The highest uptake of nitrogen (105.5 kg/ha), phosphorus (24.3 kg/ha) and potassium (124.2 kg/ha) were obtained from irrigation at 80% available water (I1). However, nutrient content in soil after harvest of the crop was found to be non-significant. The highest values of all the morphological and physiological parameters along with the yield, yield attributing characters, nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop were recorded under the nutrient management practice of full P as basal + ½ N and ½ K at 20 DAS + ½ N and ½ K at 40 DAS (N1). This treatment also recorded the highest grain yield (34.16 q/ha) and straw yield (83.45 q/ha) and uptake of nitrogen (98.2 kg/ha), phosphorus (22.3 kg/ha) and potassium (115.6 kg/ha). However, nutrient content in soil after harvest of the crop was found to be non-significant. The experiment did not show any significant difference between direct seeded crop and transplanted crop with respect to growth parameters, yield attributes and yield. However, direct seeded rice recorded lower water use and higher WUE than transplanted crop. Direct seeded crop also recorded the higher net return and benefit-cost ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF AEROBIC RICE (Oryza sativa L) UNDER DIFFERENT MICRO-CLIMATIC REGIMES
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018-07) Borah, Bidisha; Pathak, Kalyan
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different micro-climatic regimes” was carried out at Instructional-cum- Research (ICR) farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during autumn season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The treatments of the experiment consisted of four micro-climatic regimes in main plot viz., sowing of seed on 15th February (M1), 1st March (M2), 16th March (M3) and 1st April (M4) along with four different rice varieties viz., CR-Dhan 205 (V1), CR-Dhan 203 (V2), CR-Dhan 204 (V3) and Inglongkiri (V4) in sub plot. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam, acidic in reaction (pH 5.2), medium in organic carbon content (0.62 %), medium in available N (311.5 kg/ha), low in available P2O5 (15.8 kg/ha) and medium in available K2O (194.0 kg /ha). The total rainfall received during the experimental period was 1552.6 mm. The results of the experiment revealed that the four different micro-climatic regimes brought significant effect on morphological and physiological characters in terms of plant population, dry matter accumulation, number of leaves/plant, leaf area index, yield attributing characters, grain and straw yield and NPK-uptake of aerobic rice. The micro-climatic regime associated with sowing of seed on April 1st recorded higher values for all those characters. The highest grain (3004 kg/ha) and straw (4854 kg/ha) yields were obtained in April 1st sown crop which was at par with 16th March sowing. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in grain, straw and total uptake were significantly higher in April 1st sown crop. The favorable micro-climatic parameters viz., canopy temperature, light intensity, soil temperature and soil moisture in all stages of crop growth were observed in micro-climatic regime associated with 1st April sown crop. Different rice varieties could bring about significant differences in growth parameters, yield attributing characters, grain and straw yield and NPK-uptake. Among all the rice varieties, CR-Dhan 203 recorded the highest value in terms of plant population, dry matter accumulation, number of leaves/plant, leaf area index, yield attributing characters and ultimately in grain yield followed by Inglongkiri, CRDhan 204 and CR-Dhan 205. The highest grain yield of 2860 kg/ha recorded in rice variety CR-Dhan 203 was significantly superior to that of other varieties except Inglongkiri. The rice variety CR-Dhan 203 also recorded the highest NPK- uptake. In terms of economics, the treatment combination of aerobic rice variety CRDhan 203 sown on 1st April resulted the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.66) and was found to be the best treatment combination followed by the variety Inglongkiri sown on 1st April (2.56).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Fertilizer management and sulphur nutrition of toria in rice fallow under rainfed condition
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2018-07) Basumatary, Anjali; Ojha, N. J.
    A field experiment entitled “Fertilizer management and sulphur nutrition of toria in rice fallow under rainfed condition” was conducted at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 with a view to find out the fertilizer dose and sulphur requirement of late sown toria (Jeuti). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of NPK viz.,F1: 30.00-26.25-11.25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (75% of RDF), F2: 40.00-35.00-15.00 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (100% of RDF) and F3: 50.00-43.75-18.75 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (125% of RDF) and five levels of sulphur S1: 0 kg S/ha, S2: 5 kg S/ha, S3: 10 kg S/ha, S4: 15 kg S/ha and S5: 20 kg S/ha. The soils of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH- 5.4 and 5.3), medium in organic carbon (0.50% and 0.48%), available N (313.60 kg/ha and 298.24 kg/ha), and available K2O (174.72 kg/ha and 170 kg/ha) and low in available P2O5 (20.51 kg/ha and 19.95 kg/ha) and available S (16.24 kg/ha and 15.00 kg/ha) in the year 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Among all the biometric observations growth, yield attributing characteristics, seed and stover yields were significantly influenced due to application of NPK levels. Application of 50.00-43.75-18.75 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (125% of RDF) gave significantly higher values in almost all the characters under study which was statistically at par with 40.00-35.00-15.00 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (100% of RDF). The higher seed yield (824.53 and 799.33 kg/ha in both the years, respectively) was recorded by application of 50.00-43.75-18.75 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (125% of RDF) which was at par with the seed yield (796.60 and 766.40 kg/ha in both years, respectively) obtained by application of 40.00-35.00-15.00 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (100% of RDF). Oil content, oil yield, N, P, K and S content and uptake also increased with increasing levels of NPK. Experimental findings revealed that the growth and yield attributing characters were increased with increasing levels of sulphur. All the parameters were highest at 20 kg S/ha which produced significantly higher seed yield (910.89 and 885.49 kg/ha in both the years, respectively) as compared to other levels. As regard to oil content, oil yield, N, P, K and S content and uptake, the values were significantly higher with 20 kg S/ha. The highest agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery was also recorded at 20 kg S/ha. The highest interaction effect was recorded due to combined application of 50.00-43.75-18.75 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (125% of RDF) and 20 kg S/ha in respect of number of seeds/siliqua, seed, stover and oil yield and N uptake which was at par with combined application of 40.00-35.00-15.00 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (100% of RDF) and 20 kg S/ha. In terms of economics, the highest net return ( 30739.88 and 29243.72 in both the years, respectively) and benefit:cost ratio (2.38 and 2.32, in both the years, respectively) was obtained by combined application of 40.00-35.00-15.00 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha (100% RDF) and 20 kg S/ha.