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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 137
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ROLE OF PROBIOTICS AS A NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNOMODULATOR IN RURAL POULTRY UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS
    (West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 2023) HALDER, NEHA; Joardar, S.N.; Das, Ratna; Sunder, Jai; De, Arun Kumar; Batabyal, K.; Samanta, I.; Das, Pradip Kumar
    Performance and productivity in poultry flocks are assumed to be affected by climate change, especially in tropical islands. The climate of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is widely different from the mainland as it has only summer and rainy as their major seasons and as these are tropical islands, the level of humidity is more. Immunological responses of poultry birds to biotic and abiotic stress under island climatic conditions are not properly understood till date. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are widely used as feed additives to enhance the growth rate, immunity and productivity of poultry. However, over usage of antibiotics has led to multidrug-resistance among various pathogens. In the past few years, non-specific immunomodulators like probiotics have emerged as effective alternatives to commercial AGP. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the immunological characteristics of island’s rural poultry upon seasonal variations, besides to evaluate the role of multi strain and single strain probiotics (containing only Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplementation on health and immunity in rural poultry of the islands. For objective 1, 90 adult birds were randomly selected from 3 different rural villages of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands which included Desi (D, n=30), Nicobari Fowl (NF, n=30), and Vanaraja (V, n=30). Ten birds each of D, NF and V from each village (sex ratio- 1:1) were chosen for the study. Serum samples collected (n=/bird/season/breed) from the 3 breeds were analysed. The study revealed that serum albumin level was significantly high in all 3 breeds in the summer season. IL-2 levels were higher in all three breeds during summer season. IL-6 levels were higher in Desi and Nicobari fowl during rainy season. TLR-4 levels were higher in all 3 breeds during rainy season. NO levels were higher in all 3 breeds during rainy season. In objective 2, a total of 120 Vanaraja birds were selected, 30 birds were randomly divided in 4 groups. Negative control (NC) received only basal diet. Positive control (PC) received basal diet + AGP. The test group (T1) received basal diet + 0.1% of multi strain probiotics. The test group (T2) received basal diet + 0.3% of multi strain probiotics. Results revealed that there was significant increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the test groups on different interval of time. T1 showed higher FCR than T2, PC & NC groups. Both T1 & T2 showed significant changes than NC & PC groups in biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, BUN, glucose, bilirubin on different interval of time. There was a significant decrease among T1 & T2 than that of NC & PC in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation on different interval of time. There was a significant increase among T1 &T2 than that of NC & PC in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, HSP-70, nitric oxide (NO) & lymphocyte proliferation. In objective 3, NC received only basal diet. PC received basal diet + AGP. T1 group received 1 x 108 CFU/ml of L. acidophilus. T2 group received 1 x 109 CFU/ml of L. acidophilus. There was significant increase in FCR among the test groups on different interval of time. T1 & T2 showed higher FCR than NC & PC. Both T1 & T2 showed significant changes than NC & PC in biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc at different intervals of time. There was a significant decrease among T1 & T2 than that of NC & PC in the levels of triglycerides, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity on different interval of time. There was a significant increase among T1 & T2 than that of NC & PC in the levels of IL-4, HSP-70, NO, lymphocyte proliferation. Finally, from this study, it can be concluded that both multi and single strain probiotics improved the growth performance, physiological functions, and immune armors of studied poultry birds in A & N Islands, thereby may be recommended as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) at the field level.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA FROM DUCK AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENT IN WEST BENGAL
    (West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 2023) PAUL, ADITYA; Joardar, S.N.; Das, Ratna; Samanta, I.; Batabyal, Subhasis; Das, Pradip Kumar; Dhara, Keshab Chandra
    The study aimed to explore the antimicrobial resistance patterns in ESBL producing and biofilm-forming Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, focusing on Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella spp. sourced from duck and their surrounding environments. A total of 462 samples, including cloacal and tracheal swabs, and environmental samples (soil, water and feed) were collected from some representative districts of West Bengal, India covering three agro-climatic zones. The bacterial prevalence results revealed that E. coli was detected in 77.92% of the samples, Salmonella spp. in 51.95%, and Klebsiella spp. in 99.35% of the samples. A total of 554 E. coli isolates, 436 Salmonella spp. isolates and 665 Klebsiella spp. isolates were generated and subsequently verified through PCR. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 45.46% of the Klebsiella spp. isolates. Among the isolates, 58.48% E. coli, 42.20% Salmonella spp., and 62.11% Klebsiella spp. were identified as ESBL producers. The prevalence of ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaAmpC) in these isolates varied across species, with blaAmpC being the most prevalent. The chi-square test (p = 0.021666) confirmed a significant association between antibiotic resistance genes and the studied bacterial species. Biofilm formation genes (csgA, sdiA, rpoS, and rcsA) were also prevalent in the isolates, with E. coli showing high rates. In E. coli, csgA, sdiA, rpoS, and rcsA were prevalent in 508, 490, 499, and 478 isolates, respectively. In Salmonella spp., csgA, sdiA, rpoS, and rcsA were found in 238, 229, 350, and 278 isolates, respectively. Among Klebsiella spp. isolates, csgA, sdiA, rpoS, and rcsA were exhibited by 542, 524, 591, and 547 isolates, respectively. The chi-square test (p < 0.001) indicates a highly significant association between the presence of biofilm genes and the studied bacterial species. In E. coli, multiplex PCR identified significant virulence factors, with 266 isolates (48.01%) showing positive results. Salmonella spp. isolates exhibited a 32.34% (141 out of 436) prevalence of the invA gene, while a small subset (4 isolates) showed positivity for the sefA gene. However, none of the Klebsiella spp. isolates were found to carry the rmpA gene. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed concerning resistance patterns, with Cefixime demonstrating complete resistance in E. coli isolates. Tetracycline and Cefixime displayed high resistance rates in Salmonella spp., while Enrofloxacin and Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid resistance was prominent in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The study conducted an in-depth analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) from six selected Salmonella spp. isolates. Each protein sample exhibited a composition of approximately 08-21 bands, each characterized by varying molecular weights spanning the range from 05 kDa to 109 kDa on SDS-PAGE Analysis. Notably, one isolate, C-10a, exhibited the highest number of bands, leading to the selection of this isolate for the generation of hyperimmunized serum. Subsequent testing of the serum demonstrated positive immunoreactivity, indicating its diagnostic potential. Immunodominant protein bands in the OMPs of selected Salmonella spp. isolates were identified in four of the six chosen isolates: T-18b (69 and 35 kDa), T-10c (69, 35, and 33 kDa), C-10a (85, 75, 69, 35, 33, and 20 kDa), and BF-2a (69, 51, 44, 35, and 33 kDa). The results revealed diagnostic potentiality of at least two polypeptides, viz. 69 and 35 kDa, of the Salmonella OMPs that might be exploited as markers to identify Salmonella spp. isolates having virulence, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm-forming properties. In conclusion, this comprehensive study sheds light on the antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and biofilm-forming capabilities of ESBL-producing Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae isolated from ducks and their surrounding environment in West Bengal. The high prevalence of resistance genes and virulence factors underscores the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in this region. Furthermore, the identification of specific polypeptides with diagnostic potential offers promising avenues for future research in the field of bacterial identification and characterization.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOFILM PRODUCING, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT, PREVALENT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, ISOLATED FROM CATTLE AND POULTRY OF DIFFERENT AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF WEST BENGAL
    (West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 2023) Bardhan, Rajarshi; Joardar, S.N.; Samanta, I.; Dey, S.; Batabyal, K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN WEST BENGAL AND STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE IN SHEEP
    (Kolkata, 1990-11) Gayen, Dilip kumar; Bhatterjya, M; Das, R; Sarkar, P; Nag, N.C; Roy, J.C
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk vis-a-vis detection of mastitis resistance in cattle by Genome wide association study (GWAS)
    (Kolkata, 2017) Mahanti, Achintya; Joardar, Prof. S. N.; Prasad, Dr. Arun; Samanta, Dr. I.; Isore, Dr. D.P.; Batabyal, Dr. K.; Dey, Dr. S.; Batabayal, Prof. S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS IN EASTERN INDIA
    (Kolkata, 2015) HALDAR, ARKENDU; Joardar, Dr. S.N.; Prasad, Dr. Arun; Isore, Dr. D.P.; Lodh, Dr. C.; Batabyal, Dr. S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of extended spectrum Beta lactamase (ESBL) producting KLEBSIELLA Spp. and ESCHERICHIA Coli from organised and unorganised farm's healthy Pig's of West Bengal
    (Kolkata, 2017) Samanta, Arindam; Samanta, Dr. I.; Dutta, Dr. T. K.; Joardar, Prof. S. N.; Isore, Dr. D. P.; Dey, Dr. Samir; Batabyal, Dr. Kunal; Batabyal, Dr. S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on isolation and characterization of clostridium perfringens type - A from poultry feed and farm environment
    (Kolkata, 2006) Sarkar, Molina; Ray, Prof. J. P.; Mukhopadhayay, Dr. S. K.; Das, Prof. Ratna; Sarkar, Dr. P. B.; Chakraborty, Prof. A.; Biswas, Prof. B.