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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DYSBIOTIC MICROBIOME IN INTESTINAL HISTOMORPHOLOGY, EXPRESSION OF GUT MICROBIAL RECEPTORS AND IMMUNITY IN POULTRY(West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 2022) ISLAM, MOFLJUL; Das, Partha; Kalita, Pranab Chandra; Ray, Sanjay; Batabyal, Subhasis; Mandal, Arun Kumar; Samanta, Indranil; Tudu, Nirmal KumarThe present investigation was conducted to explore the effect of supplementation of selenium-enriched yeast (Se-Yeast) in different dose rates on growth performance, gross and histomorphological changes of the intestine and the lymphoglandular organs, alteration of gut microbial population and immune status of poultry birds. A total of one hundred sixty day-old commercial broiler chicks (Ven Cobb 400) were procured from the authorized breeder and were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Each group had four replicas having ten birds in each replica. Se-Yeast was mixed with the basal diet of the treatment groups at the dose rate of 0.15mg/kg diet of the treatment-I (T-I) group, 0.225mg/kg diet of the treatment-II (T-II) group and 0.30mg/kg diet of the treatment-III (T-III) group of birds. The control group of birds had no supplements only a basal diet had been offered. The samples were collected on the 0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd days of the experiment and the rearing of the remaining birds was continued after each day of sacrifice till 42nd day. The average live body weight and weekly weight gain increased more significantly (p<0.05) in the treatment group as compared to the control group and amongst them, T-III (@0.30mg/kg diet) revealed the best result. FCR improved most significantly (p<0.05) in the T-III group of birds. The average length of all the segments of the small and large intestine showed better increment in treatment group of birds. The average weight, size/length/diameter and thickness of all the lymphoglandular organs increased more in treatment groups comparatively. The occurrences of goblet cells, distribution of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues in small and large intestine were more in the treatment group of birds. In terms of villi height and crypts depth and their ratio, significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the groups and T-III group showed significantly highest results. The number, height and breadth of bursal plica as well as the number of follicles per plica and their breadth were more in the treatment group of birds. In the liver no appreciable histological change was identified. The quantity of white pulp of spleen was increased with age and in the treatment group, the lymphatic nodules were more frequent. The number of Hassall’s corpuscle in thymus was increased with the advancement of age and the number of macrophages and plasma cells were more frequent in treatment group of birds. In immunohistochemical study, amongst the different segments of the intestine, maximum reaction intensity and frequency of IL-10 positive cells were found in the caecum and in case of the lymphoglandular organs, maximum IL-10 positive reaction intensity and frequency were observed in the bursa of Fabricius and least was in the spleen. However, amongst the treatment groups, T-III showed weak to nil IL-10 reaction. In comparison, small and large intestine, bursa of Fabricius and spleen showed better IL-10 positive reaction on 7th day compared to 35th day of investigation, and in case of caecal tonsil and thymus, the better reaction was on 35th day compared to 7th day. On the 7th and 35th days, the expression level of IL-10 in caecal tonsil, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the three treatment groups compared to the control group and T-III had minute expression. The birds of the T-III group showed significantly (p<0.05) higher phagocytic activity compared to the other groups but the lymphocyte proliferation response did not show any significant difference between the group. It seems from both the studies, that T-II and T-III were better than T-I for enhancing humoral immunity against NDV, reduction of gut pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella) and increased level of gut beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteriumspp.). In case of all the biochemical parameters, all the treatment groups showed significantly better results compared to the control group of birds, and amongst the treatment groups, the T-III group showed the best results. In conclusion, supplementation of Se-yeast to the poultry diet in the highest dose rate (@ 0.30mg/kg diet) improved the growth performance and gut microbial health, and enhanced the immunity of poultry birds compared to the control as well as the other low dose rated treatment groups.ThesisItem Open Access Gross biometricat, histomorphological and histochemical studies on the digestive tract of Haringhata Black chicks(West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 2023) Malakar, Rupam; Tudu, Nirmal Kumar; Mishra, Uma Kanta; Ray, Sanjay; Das, Partha; Batabyal, Subhasis; Mandal, Arun KumarFrom the very ancient times human beings have been dependent on animals and birds for their livelihood apart from vegetables and cereals. Among birds, chicken is one the most common one reared for both meat and eggs. The Haringhata Black (HB) chicken is a native breed of West Bengal state of India. It has originated from the Haringhata and Chakdah blocks of Nadia district and nearby areas like Amdanga and Bongaon blocks in North 24 Pargana district of West Bengal. It is a medium sized chicken with compact body and is reared for both meat and eggs. They have black feathers with red coloured single comb, ear lobe and wattle. These birds are genetically superior to most other chickens and have a very good resistance to diseases.The benefit of rearing HB is that they can be reared in the backyard poultry farming system with minimum investment and also in commercial farms in the deep litter system. 60 numbers of Haringhata Black chicks were slaughtered for conducting the present experiment. The birds were divided into 5 age groups consisting of 12 birds in each group with male to female ratio of 1:1. The groups were according to age of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days respectively. Gross studies on the digestive tract were conducted and then the tissue samples from the digestive tract were preserved and processed for histological and histochemical techniques for observation of the histological orientation and histochemistry of the organs of digestive tract. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the male and female chicks in each age group. However, changes among the different groups were found to be significant. The composition of the different segments of the digestive tract remained uniform throughout the experimental period but the mean thickness of various tunics, height of mucosal folds and villi, cryptal depth, the weight, length and diameter of all the organs increased as the age progressed. The most remarkable finding was that the lymphoid structures and the mast cells in different tunics were observed throughout the whole length of digestive tract. The present study definitely indicates that there is no significant macroscopic as well as microscopic difference between the architecture of the digestive tract of male and female Haringhata Black chicks and their gut immune status is remarkable which might be a valid reason why this breed of chicken is superior to broilers and other breeds of chicken in terms of resistance.ThesisItem Open Access Organisation and distribution of gut - associated lymphod tissues in adult garole sheep(2019) Malakar, Rupam; Das, Prof. Patha; Ingole, Prof. S. P.; Ray, Prof. Sanjay; Mandal, Asso. Prof. Arun Kumar; Tudu, Asst. Prof. Nirmal Kumar; Mukherjee, Asst. Prof. JoydipThesisItem Open Access Cytoarchitectural identification of suprachiasmstic nucleus in poultry bird(Kolkata, 2017) Shee, Arkaprabha; Das, Prof. Partha; Kumar, Prof. Dr. Pramod; Roy, Prof. Sanjay; Ghosh, Prof. DebakiThesisItem Open Access Postnatal development of cornual gland in black bengal goat(Kolkata, 2017) Saren, Sagun; Das, Prof. Partha; Kumar, Prof. D. Parmod; Ray, Prof. Sanjay; Nandi, Prof. SamitThesisItem Open Access Gross anatomical and histomorphological studies on the liver in ghungroo pig(Kolkata, 2017) Biswas, Palash; Ray, Prof. Sanjay; Meheta, Dr. Suresh; Das, Prof. Partha; Guha, Prof. S. K.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF GROSS ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN VANARAJA BREED OF POULTRY(Kolkata, 2016) SARKAR, BHANU JYOTI; Ray, Prof. Sanjay; Roy, Prof. M. M.; Das, Prof. Partha; Guha, Prof. S. K.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on the constituents related to immune defence mechanism in the pregnangt and non pregnant genitalia of garoleewes(Kolkata, 2018) Islam, MD Mofijul; Das, Prof. Partha; Roy, Prof. Malay Kr.; Ray, Prof. Sanjay; Mandal, Dr. Arun Kr.; Tudu, Dr. Nirmal Kr.; Maji, Dr. Asit Kr.; Pal, Dr. ArunaThesisItem Open Access Gross anatomical, histological & immunohistological studies on early postnatal development of the organs of immunogenesis of chickens (gallus domesticus)(Kolkata, 2011) Kishor, Nanad; Ghosh, Prof. R. K.; Ray, Dr. S.; Roy, Dr.M.M.; Das, Dr.P.K.
