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ThesisItem Open Access INHERITANCE STUDIES IN OKRA Abelmoschus esculentus. (L.) Monch(AAU, Anand, 1969) Patel, J. R.; PATEL, G. J.Abstract not AvailableThesisItem Open Access INHERITANCE STUDIES IN OKRA Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monch.(AAU, Anand, 1969) Patel, J. R.; Patel, G. J.Abstract not AvailableThesisItem Open Access ROLE OF AVIAN PREDATORS, OTHER BIOAGENTS AND CUTTING MANAGEMENT IN CONTROL OF LUCERNE (MEDICAGO SATIVA LINNAEUS.) PESTS & BREEDING BIOLOGY OF BRAHMINY MYNA STURNUS PAGODARUM GMELIN(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, J. R.; Parasharya, B. M.Studies on role of predators, other bioagents and cutting management in control of lucerne pests and breeding biology of one of the chief predatory species Sturnus Pagodarum Gmelin were carried out at Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University, during 1990-91. The mean number Heliothis larval population was non-significant between T1 and T2. But population was minimum in T2 as compared to T1 at the time of harvesting. The green fodder was higher in T1 than T2. The Heliothis egg density varied throughout the year. Higher egg density in winter was attributed to both low maximum and minimum temperature and low % RH (Av.). While in summer, low egg density was due to high maximum °C temperature, whereas larval population remained constant throughout the year.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN FORAGE SORGHUM(AAU, Anand, 1980) Patel, J. R.; PATEL, G. J.The expression of various characters in the hybrids/ recombinants depends upon tbe extent of genetic variation as well as genetic divergence existing among parents. Consequently, a high yielding genotype may not necessarily transmit its superiority in ciross combinations. The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken to estimate heterosis and combining ability for forage yield and its attributes in sorghum. The experimental material comprised seven male-sterile lines (KS-5, KS-9, KS-12, KS-18, Martin, Redlan and Craigmile), seven male parents (B.P.53, W-10, S.1049, Texas Sweet, Piper, Early Sumac and Atlas) and their 49 hybrids. The experiment was conducted for two years at the Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, using randomized block design with two replications. The material was seeded in two row plots, the inter and intra row spacings being 60 and 7.5 cm respectively. The study was confined to nine traits of which days to flower and green as well as dry fodder yields were recorded on plot basis, while for plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf length and width as well as number of tillers , five random plants were selected from the net plot and the mean values were computed. Heterosis was estimated in relation to the mid-parental value, while the combining ability effects were estimated using line x tester analysis method. The estimates of heterosis were significant for all traits during both years, but the hybrids showed differential behaviour in relation to seasons for most of the traits. Martin x S.1049, and Martin x W-10 were consistent for heterotic estimates of green and dry forage yields respectively. Among males, Texas Sweet was found to be a better donor for stem thinness and tillering ability, while B.P.53 was a good nicker for leaf width. Anong females, Martin and Craigmile were better donors for plant stature and stem thinness respectively. The SCA estimates revealed the superiority of KS-18 x Atlas for early flowering, Martin x Piper for plant stature, KS-9 X Early Sumac and Craigmile x Early Sumac for stem thinness, KS-9 x B.P.53 for leaf attributes, KS-18 x W-10 and Craigmile x S.1049 for tillering ability and KS-18 x B.P.53 as well as KS-9 X Texas Sweet for green and dry fodder yields. The correlation coefficients worked cut for greea as well as dry fodder yields of hybrids and their mid-parental values revealed that higher yielding parents may not give superior hybrids probably because of lack of variation in their genetic make up. The predominance of nonadditive effects in the expression of yield and its attributes supports that the use of commercial hybrids is the best method for utilizing such type of gene effects to the benefit of human society. In case varietal improvement by recombination techniques is to be done, cyclic method of breeding will be more advantageous.ThesisItem Open Access ASSOCIATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF SELECTED HUMAN STRAINS OF LACTOBACILLI WITH RESPECT TO THEIR ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY, INHIBITION PATTERN AND LACTASE ACTIVITY(AAU, Anand, 1990) Patel, J. R.; DAVE, J. M.The present study was planned and conducted to examine the human strains of lactobacilli for their suitability in lactose malabsorption and their antibacterial abilities. Three human strains of lactobacilli - L. acidophilus LBKV and LBKI. and L. casei 4A isolated and maintained in Dairy. Microbiology Department, Dairy Science College, Anand were used in the present study. These three strains were mixed in equal proportion to get mixed lactobacilli culture. One strain each of Escherichia coli (mastitic), Salmonella typhosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus used in the study were also from the Dairy Microbiology Department, Dairy Science College, GAU, Anand. Lactobacilli strains were maintained in MRS broth, while the strains of E. coli, Sal. typhosa, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and S. aureus were maintained on nutrient agar slants Growth rates in terms of log viable counts and titratable acidity of mixed lactobacilli culture were determined in skim milk at 37°C Three different agars, MRS agar +0.5% bile, MRS agar +0.7% bile and MRS agar (devoid of glucose and beef extract) + 1% ribose were used for enumeration of individual strains L. acidophilus LBKV3 and LBKI4 and L. casei 4A in mixed population. These three individual strains as well as their combination were also tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli (mastitic), S. typhosa, S. aureus, B. cereus and P. aeruginosa. Activated cultures of individual lactobacilli and their combination were inoculated in skim milk at 1.5 per cent level and incubated at 37°C for 12 to 72 hours. The cell-free culture filtrate5(CPC-filtrates) were obtained by centrifuging the curd at 3000 rpm for 40 minutes. The CFC-filtrates were assayed for antibacterial activity against above mentioned food spoilage and pathogenic organisms by cup-assay technique. Antibacterial activity of these three strains alone and in combination against mastitic E. coli and enterotoxigenic S. aureus during production and storage of acidophilus milk was compared. Cultures were inoculated in skim milk and their antibacterial activity was assessed at 37°C. Inhibitory activity was expressed in terms of reduction in viable counts of the pathogenic organisms at selected time intervals i.e. 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours of storage at 37°C. To determine the implantation properties, the milk fermented with mixed lactobacilli culture was fed to a group of four test subjects at the rate of 100 g per day for one week. The faecal samples of all the volunteers were examined immediately after collection for lactobacilli and coliform counts before starting the feeding and at the interval of 2 days and one week during feeding and one and two weeks after stopping the feeding. To assess suitability of these cultures in lactose intolerance, lactase activity was determined in skim milk inoculated with lactobacilli strains alone and in combination, by subjecting to ultrasonic disintegration at time interval of 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours of incubation. The test solution was added with substrate O-nitrophenol D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and the release of O-nitrophenol from the hydrolysis of ONPG was used as the parameter for measuring lactase activity. The absorbancy at 420 nm was measured in a Double Beam Hitachi 220 Spectrophotometer. For finding in vivo lactase activity, the level of blood glucose was estimated in two test subjects after fasting, immediately after ingestion (O h) of milk fermented with mixed lactobacilli and at the interval of 1, 2 and 3 hours. The results of this study have revealed that the mixed lactobacilli culture was superior in all desirable characteristics with respect to antibacterial activity and implantation property as compared to individual strains— L. acidophilus LBKV3, LBKI4 and L. casei 4A.