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2005 - 200912010 - 20143
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Author: HIRANI, NITINKUMAR DEVRAJBHAI ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF COCCIDIOSTATS ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED EIMERIA TENELLA INFECTION ALONG WITH EFFECTS ON GROWTH HAEMATO-BIOCHEMISTRY AND PATHOLOGY IN BROILERS
    (AAU, Anand, 2014) HIRANI, NITINKUMAR DEVRAJBHAI; Hasnani, J. J.
    The efficacy of three commonly used feed coccidiostats named Diclazuril (T1) Salinomycin (T2), Diclazuril + Salinomycin (T3) in shuttle programme and Maduramicin (T4) on experimentally induced Eimeria tenella coccidial infection and their effects on growth, haematology, biochemical and histopathological changes were undertaken in three hundred Cobb400 strain of broiler at University Poultry Complex, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during year 2012. Birds were given feed containing Diclazuril (T1), Salinomycin (T2), and Maduramicin (T4) coccidiostats at dose rate of 1 ppm, 60 ppm and 5 ppm upto 42 days. Weekly body weight and feed consumption were recorded. Various parameters considered for comparative efficacy were studied. Experimental infection of 50,000 oocysts of E.tenella was given on 22nd day of age. Blood was collected before experimental infection at 3 weeks and after experimental infection at 4 weeks of age for haemato-biochemical study. The results of faecal score, oocyst per gram (OPG), lesion score, oocyst index value and mortality indicated better efficacy of coccidiostats as compared to non medicated birds in experimental infection with better efficacy of Maduramicin and Salinomycin as compare to Diclazuril and Diclazuril + Salinomycin shuttle treatment. Coccidiostats proved to have growth promoting action in broiler chickens during the experimental infection. Birds fed with Maduramicin medicated (5 ppm) performed well in terms of live weight gain and feed conversion ratio and it was followed by salinomycin (60 ppm) for weight gain and Diclazuril (Ippm) for feed efficiency in broiler birds. Result of sensitivity against E. tenella indicated good efficacy of Maduramicin (82%), whereas limited efficacy of Salinomycin (76%), Diclazuril (74%) and Diclazuril + Salinomycin Shuttle group (71%)) on the basis of Global index value (GINNC % ) Haematological studies revealed that haemoglobin concentration, packed cell' volume and total erythrocytes counts were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, while total leukocytes counts were significantly increased on account of coccidial infection in all coccidiostat treatment and infected non treated groups. Different Leukocytes Count (DLC) value revealed significant increase in heterophills, lymphocytes and eosinophills and significant decrease in monocytes and basophills on account of coccidial infection. Results on haematological studies indicated comparatively less pathological damage by Salinomycin. Studies on biochemical profile revealed significantly (P < 0.05) lower serum glucose and serum total protein, while significant increase in serum total cholesterol. Serum Glutamic Oxalo-acetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP) activities was observed due to coccidial infection as compared to pre infection levels in birds. Results of biochemical studies indicated comparative less pathological damage by coccidiostats treatment as compared to infected non treated group, but there was no consistent trend for drug choice. From histopathological study it was clear that the Maduramicin and Salinomycin treated group showed very less mechanical damage to tissue hence it could be used as a curative remedy against the caecal coccidiosis. The presence of clusters of large schizonts in the caecum was pathognonomic for E. tenella. The magnitude of infection type and dose of coccidiostat and stage of development of the disease could be established by histopathological observation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PREVALENCE, HAEMATOLOGY, BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FOWL COCCIDIOSIS
    (AAU, Anand, 2005) HIRANI, NITINKUMAR DEVRAJBHAI; Hasnani, J. J.
    Studies on prevalence of coccidia on commercial poultry farms under deep litter and cage system of housing with it's effect on haemato-biochemical profile and histopathology were undertaken during year 2004. Studies involved 1911 birds, 195 carcasses and 195 blood samples from 318 commercial layer and broiler farms in 8 talukas of Anand district. The overall prevalence of coccidia was 20.44 per cent on litter examination of 318 farms, while it was little lower, i.e. 17.17 per cent on examination of faecal droppings of 1911 birds. The overall prevalence was found little higher in deep litter than the cage reared birds / farms and also in layers as compared to broilers. Coccidiosis was confirmed as a primary cause of death for 60 per cent mortality on post-mortem examination of 195 birds positive for faecal coccidia. Age-wise prevalence study revealed an increasing trend of incidence with advancement of age in broiler birds, while in cast; of layer birds, the incidence was highest in growers followed by starter birds and the least in layers. Seasonal incidence of coccidia showed the highest prevalence in monsoon followed by winter and lowest during summer with the highest prevalence in the months of September and October. Further, there was no consistent trend of prevalence of coccidia among different taluka surveyed. Among all, Borsad taluka of Anand district showed the highest incidence and Khambhat the least. Haematological studies revealed that haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total erythrocytes counts were significantly reduced on account of coccidial infection irrespective of type of birds or systems of rearing, whereas total leukocytes counts were increased significantly. Studies on biochemical profile revealed significantly (P < 0.01) higher blood glucose and serum total cholesterol, and decreased serum total protein concentration due to coccidial infection as compared to healthy birds. However, , SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase activities'were non-significantly higher in infected birds. The magnitude of infection and stage of development of the disease could be established by histopathological observations. Amongst pathological changes, target part of intestine and caecal pouches were found distended with crimson appearance and showed severe haemorrhagic enteritis and thickening of intestinal and caecal wall. Faecal contents were mixed with clots of blood and fibrin shreds. Widespread damage to absorptive epithelium and destruction of villi were evident on histopathological examination. The mucosa as well as submucosa were heavily infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes. Desquamation of superficial mucosal epithelium along with infiltration of mononuclear cells and the presence of schizonts were seen.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access