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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NATIVE ISOLATES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES AGAINST Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) AND Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)(DEPARTMENT OF NEMATOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2021) Prajapati Maitri Rajeshkumar; Dr. Ajay Kumar MaruThe studies on native isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera frugiperda were carried out in the Department of Nematology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during Kharif and Rabi 2020-21. A total, 103 soil samples were collected from different habitats, viz., fruit crops, field crops and fallow land of the AAU campus, Anand. Out of these, three were found positive and collected from three different locations, i.e., Horticultural farm (Mango), Veterinary College Garden and International Agri-Business Management College. The frequency of occurrence of these nematodes was 2.9 per cent and they belonged to the genus Steinernema. Nematode cultures from different locations were considered isolates and designated Steinernema sp. (AAU St-1), Steinernema sp. (AAU St-2) and Steinernema sp. (AAU St-3). Among three, Steinernema sp. (AAU St-1) was successfully maintained under laboratory conditions. Based on the morphometrics, Steinernema sp. (AAU St-1) was found similar to Steinernema ritteri.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) ON INDIAN BEAN (Lablab purpureus L.)(DEPARTMENT OF NEMATOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2021) Patel Himadri S.; Dr. Tulika SinghStudies pertaining to root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. on Indian bean with respect to i) Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne spp. on Indian bean to determine economic threshold level, ii) Screening of Indian bean germplasm/varieties against Meloidogyne spp., iii) Management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in Indian bean using bio-agents under pot condition and iv) Management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in Indian bean using chemicals under field condition were carried out at Department of Nematology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat during the year 2020-21.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ROOT- KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) IN PAPAYA (Carica papaya Linn.)(DEPARTMENT OF NEMATOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) NESALBEN ASHVINKUMAR PATEL; DR. BHAGABHAI A. PATELStudies on root-knot nematodes in papaya with respect to i. Pathogenicity of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on papaya to determine economic threshold level ii. Screening of papaya genotypes/varieties against Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica iii. Management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) using different chemicals in papaya in nursery conditions and iv. Management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) using different bio-agents in papaya in nursery conditions were carried out at Department of Nematology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE spp.) ON RUSTICA TOBACCO(Department of Nematology B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2018) Tank Nomankhan Arshadhusen; Dr. H. R. PatelThe present investigation entitled Effect of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on rustica tobacco was carried out at Bidi Tobacco Research Station (BTRS), Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, Gujarat, India with a view to generate the information on : 1. Pathogenicity of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on rustica tobacco 2. Screening of rustica tobacco varieties/germplasm/promising lines against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) 3. Host range of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The results obtained on different aspects are as under.ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATIONS ON EFFECT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) ON OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)(Department of Nematology B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2017) Bharat N. Chaudhary; Dr. Ashok D. PatelInvestigations pertaining to the effect of root-knot nematodes on okra with respect to i. Survey of okra growing areas to know association of various nematodes ii. Screening of okra genotypes against Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica iii. Yield loss in okra due to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) iv. Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita to determine threshold level and v. Management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. using different bio-agents under field condition were carried out at Department of Nematology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF CROP ROTATIONS IN BIDI TOBACCO BASED CROPPING PATTERN ON CROP YIELD, NEMATODES AND SOIL MICROBES(Department of Nematology B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2017) Panchal Riddhi M.; Dr. H. R. PatelThe present investigation entitled Impact of Crop Rotations in Bidi Tobacco based Cropping Pattern on Crop Yield, Nematodes and Soil Microbes was conducted at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the effect of crop rotations on (1) crop yield, root-knot disease and nematodes (2) population dynamics of nematodes (3) community analysis of nematodes and (4) soil microbes. Impact of crop rotations inThesisItem Open Access ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA, PATHOTYPE 2, ON FENNEL(AAU, Anand, 1995) Patel, Pankajkumar B.; Patel, D. J.Experiments on root-knot nematode,. Meloidogyne javanica , Pathotype 2 affecting fennel were conducted to study i, Pathogenicity of M. javanica , Pathotype 2 to determine threshold level in terms of plant growth characters and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S nutrients by plants, ii, biochemical changes induced by nematode infection in the crop, ill, histopathological studies to know host-parasite relationship and iv, effect of nematode infection on seed germination, plant growth and crop yield during 1994-95. The salient findings are : i, An inoculum level of 100 J2/plant and above was detrimental to the growth and development of fennel cv. PF 35. Root, soil and total nematode population/plant significantly increased progressively with an increase in nematode population from 10 to 10,000 J2/plant. Nematode reproduction rate was maximum (76.70) in the level of 10 J2/plant and minimum (3.22) in 10,000 J2/plant. ii, Biochemical changes induced by nematode feeding on fennel roots indicated that roots inoculated with 10, 100, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 J2/plant had significantly less peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and total phenol content over control-uninoculated plant roots. ill, Histopathological studies revealed that after invasion, second stage larvae penetrated the epidermal cells and migrated both inter and intracellularly and anchored to the vascular tissues. Giant cells consisted of uneven thickened, unbroken walls, dense cytoplasm and clusters of nuclei. Pathological reaction included abnormal xylem located in the vascular tissues. All nematode stages were found inside the root tissues feeding on vascular region. The healthy tissue showed no change in epidermal cells and cortex region of roots, iv, Study on effect of M. .iavanica. Pathotype 2 on seed germination and plant growth development and root-knot index on fennel cv. PF 35 indicated that nematode infested soil significantly reduced fennel seed germination, plant height, fresh shoot and root weights by 12.30, 29.60, 3.98 and 17.09 % respectively over control-steam sterilized soil. Infested soil had 116.30 % increased root-knot index over control. V, Inoculation of M. javanica, Pathotype 2 at 2000 J2/kg soil significantly decreased plant height and grain yield of fennel cv. PF 35 by 19.83 and 26.51% respectively, while root-knot index and reproduction rate were significantly increased by 59.01 and 58.88 % respectively over control-steam sterilized soil. vi, Application of Dazoraet (Basamid 98 G @ 1 g/pot) significantly increased plant height and grain yield of fennel cv. PF 35 by 18.61 and 36.09 % respectively and root-knot index has significantly, reduced by 59.01 % due to Dazomet application over control-no nematicidal treatment.ThesisItem Open Access STUNT NEMATODE, TYLENCHORHYNCHUS VULGARIS UPADHYAY et al., 1972 ON BIDI TOBACCO(AAU, Anand, 1989) PATEL, ASHOKKUMAR SHIVRAMBHAI; Patel, H. R.Study on comparative effect of Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris on seedling development of bidi tobacco Anand 119 (A 119) and - Gujarat Tobacco 5 (GT 5) showed that surface inoculation of the nematode reduced the fresh weight (10.91 per cent) and number of transplants (13.87 per cent) with higher multiplication (5.40 per cent) in A 119 than GT 5. Initial inoctaum of 1,000 nematodes and above/pot/15 kg soil adversely affected the seedling development with significant reduction in number of transplants by 39 per cent over check. Final population of the nematode was significantly increased with corresponding increase in initial inoculum levels with a trend of increased inoculum levels to decrease the reproduction rate. Interaction (V X I) revealed initial inoculum of 100 and 1,000 nematodes and above/pot/15 kg soil reduced the number of transplants significantly in A 119 and GT 5 respectively than their respective checks; while, final population of the nematode was higher in all inoculum levels of A 119 than respective inoculum levels of GT 5 showing more preference of the nematode to A 119 than GT 5. Coinparative pathogenicity of T, vulgaris on transplants of A 119 and GT 5 revealed variety GT 5 as significantly superior to A 119 in plant growth and nicotine content with less multiplication of the nematode by 4.69 per cent over A 119. Initial inoculum of 1,000 nematodes and above/plant/ 700 g soil significantly reduced the plant growth (except shoot dry weight) and nicotine content compared to check. Observations on final nema population exhibited the same trend as on seedlings in above experiment. Studies on biochemical changes revealed that with increase in age of A 119 and GT 5, the peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were increased. Both these activities with phenol content were slightly higher in A 119 compared to GT 5. Increase in inoculum of the stunt nematode on seedling and transplant of A 119 and GT 5 correspondingly increased the peroxidase activity and total phenol content (except seedling); while, it decreased the polyphenol oxidase activity after 45 and 100 days. Inoculation of 1,000 nematodes/plant revealed nine varieties of tobacco viz., A 145, Coker 254, FCH 6005 (Bhavya), GC 1, GT 4, GT 5, VA 145, VA 770 and 16-103 as tolerant three viz., A 119, GT 6 and VFC special as susceptible and variety A2 as intolerant after 45 days. Inoculation of 1,000 nematodes/plant revealed brinjal (Doli 5) and tobacco (A 119) as excellent and good hosts of T. vulgaris respectively; while, cabbage (Golden acre), cauliflower (Early Kunwari), castor (GCH 2), maize (Ganga safed 2), Wheat (Sonalika), tobacco (GC 1 and GT 5) as moderate/ fair hosts; fennel (PF 35), garlic (Local), mustard (Varuna), sesamum (Gujarat 1) and white and pink flower periwinkle (Local) as poor hosts after 45 days. Carbofuran, ethoprophos, FMC67825H0E 388 and phorate each @ 1,2 and 5 kg/ha significantly improved the plant growth of bidi tobacco and reduced the final population of the nematode. Ethoprophos was most effective followed by carbofuran and phorate in improving plant growth; while, carbofuran was most effective followed by ethoprophos and FMC 67825 in reducing final population of the nematode. Among the doses, higher dose of 3 kg/ha was most effective than lower doses. Interaction (N: x D) revealed carbofuran @ 3 kg/ha was most effective in improving plant grovrth and reducing the final population of the nematodes followed by ethoprophos @ 3 kg/ha. Application of organic amendments viz., neem, mustard, castor, piludi, karanj and mahuva cakes, poultry manure, pulverized Azolla. dry Azolla. farm yard manure, press mud and ash of paddy husk @ 45 kg N/ha revealed that mustard cake proved the best in improving fresh weight of shoot closely followed by poultry manure, mahuva, karanj, piludi cakes, press mud and castor cake; while castor cake was the best in reducing the final population of the nematode followed by neem cake, poultry manure and piludi cake.ThesisItem Open Access SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN POPULATIONS OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH BIDI TOBACCO(AAU, Anand, 1982) PATEL, BHAGABHAI A.; Thakar, N. A.An experiment to study the population fluctuations in plant parasitic nematodes on bidi tobacco revealed the presence of nine species of plant parasitic nematodes viz. Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Duotylenchus bilineatus, Trlenchorhynchus brevilineatus, Aphelenchoides parascalacaudatus, Aphelenchus avenae, Ditylenchus triformis and Pratylenchus zeae. Duotylenchus bilineatus was reported for the first time to associate with tobacco in India and abroad.
