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ThesisItem Open Access POLYMORPHISMS IN HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY GONADAL AXIS GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH EGG PRODUCTION IN ANAND SYNTHETIC WHITE LEGHORN AND ANAND BANTAMISED WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN(Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2021) Sourav Pal; Dr. A. C. PatelIndia is the world's third largest egg producer, contributing 6% of global egg production. The domestic demand as well as exporting demand is increasing day by day. About 82% of total egg production in India comes from commercial poultry farming. The layer industry in India mostly relies on different strains and lines derived from White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red chicken breeds. The genetic variation among different breeds, strains and lines provides a reliable source of increasing egg production through scientific breeding approaches. India has achieved tremendous success in improving egg production through the phenotypic selection. However, response to phenotypic selection may diminish once the genetic variation is exhausted. Recent advancements in molecular technologies offer a great opportunity to identify and introduce genetic variations related to laying performance. Next generation sequencing along with candidate gene approach provide a promising future for increasing egg production in minimum time.ThesisItem Open Access CAECAL MICROBIOTA PROFILING IN BROILER CHICKENS FED WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS(Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2021) Rahul Sharma; Dr. P. G. KoringaThe global poultry market is more promising than any other major agriculture sector in terms of consumer and trade growth. The increasing demands of urban markets have driven structural changes in poultry production and marketing. Globally, more than 1 trillion eggs and 90 million tonnes of poultry meat are produced each year to meet the demands of the growing population. Chickens are the most common species and major contributor of poultry industry with a global population of 25.9 billion. Antibiotics and probiotics are common feed additives used in the poultry industry for their efficient growth and may conflict with the gut microbiota. Microbiota play a significant role by influencing gut physiology, nutrition, immune responses, and protection against colonization of pathogens. Gut microbiota development in broiler chicken starts immediately after hatching. Chicks begin pecking and ingesting litter materials including adhered microorganisms found in faeces and dirt, in this way microbes from other environments can be transmitted to the gastrointestinal tract and may be a cause of infection. Therefore, the microbial species in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens should be monitored for animal health and food safety purposes.ThesisItem Open Access SNPs IDENTIFICATION IN PRODUCTION RELATED GENES IN STRAINS OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN(Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2021) Maru Prashantkumar M.; Dr. F. P. SavaliyaGlobally, India ranks third after China and America in egg production accounts for about 5.65 percent of the total egg production. The Indian poultry sector is one of the fastest growing sector with 7.3% growth population, has witnessed one of the fastest annual growth of about 6% in eggs, 10% in meat production and 8.35% in broiler production over the last decade amongst all animal based sectors. Among the many exotic breeds in India, White Leghorn chicken strains play a vital role in achieving higher growth rate in egg production. Several quantitative traits for production such as growth rate, egg production and body weight at different day-ages are important. These traits are controlled by genetic factors, also called quantitative trait loci (QTL). The candidate gene approach is an interesting way to study QTL affecting traits in chickens. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism discovery using Next Generation Sequencing will provide great opportunity for increasing egg production.ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMISING RECORDING COST BY EVALUATING IMPACT OF FREQUENCY OF RECORDING VARIOUS TRAITS ON RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATED BREEDING VALUES IN CROSSBRED CATTLE(Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, ANAND, 2021) Bhatt Dhruval Pranavkumar; Dr. D. N. RankPresent study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alternative recording strategies on reliability of EBVs, effect of assigned phantom groups to the unpedigreed data on the accuracy of EBVs and to validate the efficiency of various models for estimating breeding value using different strategies of recording as well as phantom genetic grouping in HF crossbred cattle and to optimise recording cost of different recording strategies.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON VARIOUS ECONOMIC TRAITS OF TWO STRAINS OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Patel Ronak R.; Dr. F. P. SavaliyaThe present study was planned for genetic studies on various economic traits of two strains of white leghorn chicken. The experiment was carried out in 12th and 22nd generations of Anand Bantamized White Leghorn (ABWLH) and Anand Synthetic White Leghorn (ASWLH) strains of White Leghorn, respectively, at Poultry Research Station, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. At 16 weeks of age 372 and 340 pullets of ABWLH and ASWLH strains were housed in Individual California Cage System for recording individual performance, out of which 357 ABWLH and 324 ASWLH pullets have been contributed up to 40 weeks of age. The liveability of ABWLH and ASWLH strains were recorded 95.97 and 95.29 percent, respectively. Various traits like body weight (BW) at day old, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 28 and 40 weeks of age, age at first egg (AFE), total egg number produced upto 40 weeks of age (TEN40), egg weight (EW) at 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks of age and total egg mass produced upto 40 weeks of age (TEM40) were measured and utilized for estimation of least square mean and standard error, heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations.ThesisItem Open Access GENOME-WIDE SNP DETECTION, VALIDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SNP ARRAY FOR GIR CATTLE(Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Patel Mayankkumar R.; Dr. P. G. KoringaIndia is rich in cattle genetic diversity. There are 50 well‐defined breeds of Bos indicus origin. Genetic improvement in indicine breeds would improve economic output to farmers and thereby support the conservation of B. indicus breeds. Most of the current breeding programs in Indian dairy cattle are based on phenotypic records of an individual animal or pedigree‐based selection of breeding bulls based on performance recording of elite cows. However, the accuracy of selection remains low due to a limited number of animals under the study and inaccurate pedigree records ultimately resulting in slow genetic response to selection. In addition to this, a long generation interval of B. indicus animals mainly due to high age at maturity which increases the genetic gain and reduces the response to selection. To overcome these limitations and fairly increase the rate of genetic gain, the genomic selection could be the preferred method in animal breeding.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF VARIOUS BREED PROPORTIONS ON BREEDING VALUES FOR VARIOUS TRAITS IN HF CROSSBRED CATTLE(Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Patel Komal Natvarlal; Dr. D. N. RankThe present study on “Effect of various breed proportions on breeding values for various traits in HF crossbred cattle” was conducted with objectives: (i) to determine the proportions of exotic inheritance in the crossbred cows by SNP genotyping (ii) to study genetic parameters for production traits and AFC in crossbred cattle (iii) to estimate breeding values of sires for various traits in crossbred cattle (iv) to study the effect of various breed proportions on estimates of breeding value for various traits in crossbred cattle. For this, a total of 1,59,950 first lactation test day milk yield records of 17135 HF crossbred cows sired by 259 sires spread over a period of 23 years (1997-2019) belonging to four districts of Gujarat state viz., Panchmahal, Sabarkantha, Surat and Tapi were collected from the INAPH-MIS database maintained by NDDB, Anand. The number of records, minimum, maximum and average values were 159950, 1.00 kg, 24.93 kg and 9.12 kg for test day milk yield; 142400, 0.03 kg, 1.59 kg and 0.38 kg for test day fat yield; 133377, 0.07 kg, 2.36 kg and 0.80 kg for test day solid not fat yield; 131465, 0.02 kg, 1.03 kg and 0.30 kg for test day protein yield, respectively. The number of records, minimum, maximum and average values were 15642, 2.50%, 6.40% and 4.18% for fat percent; 14770, 7.81%, 9.95% and 8.78% for solid not fat percent; 14746, 2.43%, 4.30% and 3.34% for protein percent, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUE FOR ENERGY CORRECTED TEST DAY MILK YIELD IN BUFFALO(Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Patel Pragneshkumar; Dr. R. S. JoshiThe present study was conducted to study “Estimation of breeding value for energy corrected test day milk yield in buffalo” with the objectives of calculation of genetic parameters of test-day milk yield (TDMY), 305-days milk yield (305D MY) and 305-days energy corrected milk yield (305D ECMY), estimation the breeding value of sire and comparison of the ranking of sires for energy corrected milk yield and test-day milk yield of buffalo. The data of Mehsana Buffalo - NDDB PT project retrieved from INAPH database maintained by NDDB, Anand. A total of 32,123 first lactation TDMY records of 8,023 Mehsana buffalo sired by 118 sires from 2012 to 2019 (8 years) for three districts of Gujarat state, viz., Mehsana, Patan and Gandhinagar were considered and analyzed in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF BREEDING VALUES OF PROGENY TESTED SIRES WITH PEDIGREE SELECTED SIRES IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSSBRED CATTLE(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) Patel Ashish C.; Dr. D. N. RankThe present study was conducted to compare the estimated breeding values of progeny tested sires and pedigree selected sires for test day yield records of Crossbred Holstein Friesian cattle. A total of 1,20,599 first lactation records of 13,015 daughters sired by 267 sires were collected from INAPH database maintained by NDDB. Variance and covariance components for test-day milk yield (TDMY), test-day fat yield (TDFY), test-day SNF yield (TDSNFY) and test-day protein yield (TDPY) were estimated by three different random regression test day models (RRTDM), viz., Spline function, Wilmink function and Legendre polynomial (LP) functions using Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AIREML).
