Thesis

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2003 with rice cv. Jaya and Rabi, 2003-04 with groundnut cv. TG-26 on lateritic soil (Alfisol) of Konkan at Botany Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. The treatments comprised of three sources of green leaf manure namely, Ain, Shivan and Glyricidia and two sources of leaf litter compost of Ain and Shivan tree species alongwith two levels of NPK (100 and 50 per cent of RDF) and a control. Each treatment was replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The experiment to study the residual effect was superimposed dividing each treatment plot in to two i.e. control and RDF and was laid out in split plot design. The green leaves and leaf litter compost @ 10 t ha-1 from the tree species mentioned above were incorporated in the field plot and were thoroughly mixed in the soil at onset of monsoon and at the time of transplanting of rice, respectively. The soil of the experimental plot was lateritic, sandy clay loam in texture and moderately acidic in reaction. It was very high in organic carbon content, medium in available N, low in available P2O5 and moderately high in available K2O content. The soil was sufficient to marginal in available micronutrients namely Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content. The results of the experiment showed that the application of Shivan green leaf manure @ 10 t ha-1 at onset of monsoon alongwith recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to rice in latertic soils of Konkan significantly improved the soil physico-chemical properties such as bulk density, soil aggregation (MWD), maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), porosity and soil pH. The available N, K2O and exchangeable Ca and Mg content of soil as well as available micronutrients viz., Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were significantly increased by the same treatment. The application of Shivan leaf litter compost @ 10 t ha-1 alongwith recommended NPK fertilizers significantly improved the content of available P2O5, S, CEC as well as humic and fulvic acid content in soil. As far as the yield of rice crop is concerned, the treatment T10 consisting the application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizer + 5 t glyricidia significantly increased the grain and straw yield of rice as compared to all other treatment except the treatment T2 consisting Shivan green leaf manure @ 10 t ha-1 at onset of monsoon + 100 per cent NPK recommended which was at par with the treatment T10 indicating that the treatment T10 can be substituted by the treatment T2. It was also observed that the grain and straw yield obtained with the application of Shivan green leaf manure @ 10 t ha-1 at onset of monsoon with 50 per cent NPK recommended (T6) was at par with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer alone. Thus saving of 50 per cent NPK fertilizer is possible due to this treatment. The uptake of nutrients such as N, P, S, Fe and Cu were favourably increased by the application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizer + 5 t glyricidia ha-1 which was at par with the treatment T2. Whereas, the uptake of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn was also favourably increased by Shivan green leaf manure @ 10 t ha-1 at onset of monsoon + 100 per cent NPK recommended (T2). The residual effect of the treatment given to rice showed that the residue of the treatment T4 i.e. Shivan leaf litter compost @ 10 t ha-1 + 100 per cent NPK recommended, in general improved the physico-chemical properties of soil, availability of major and secondary nutrients, dry pod and haulm yield as well as quality of groundnut. The uptake of major, secondary and micro nutrients by groundnut was also favourably improved due to the residue of the same treatment. As far as availability of micronutrients, namely Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu was concerned, the residue of treatment T5 i.e. Ain leaf litter compost @ 10 t ha-1 + 100 per cent NPK recommended proved its superiority over all other treatment residues.

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