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ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF PROMISING LOCAL CHILLI GENOTYPE TO DIFFERENT SPACING AND MULCHING UNDER KONKAN AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023) KIRAN SANJAY GIRI; P. C. Haldavanekar; B. R. Salvi; V. V. Dalvi; V. G. MoreThe present investigation entitled “Growth and yield performance of promising local chilli genotype to different spacing and mulching under Konkan agro-climatic conditions” was undertaken at Experimental Farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during two successive kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 by considering the potential of promising local chilli genotype. A field experiment was conducted in split plot design consisting of three main treatments i.e. S1 (30 cm x 30 cm), S2 (45 cm x 30 cm) and S3 (60 cm x 30 cm) and three sub treatments i.e. M1 (no mulch), M2 (polyethylene mulch) and M3 (organic mulch i.e. gliricidia mulch). The observations were recorded on various growths, yield, fruit quality parameters and soil parameters. Different parameters showed significant difference with various spacing levels and mulching. All the growth parameters showed significant variation. The treatment combination S3M3 i.e. at 60 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) observed the highest plant height (97.40 cm), plant spread (61.65 cm), number of primary branches (11.50) and secondary branches (17.00). The same trend was exhibited regarding leaf area (6946.0 cm2) and leaf area index (4.08). Yield attributing parameters also showed significant variation. The treatment combination S3M3 i.e. at 60 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) recorded the lowest days for initiation of flowering (39.75), the lowest days for 50% flowering (47.63), the lowest days required for first harvesting (58.50) and the longest harvesting duration (61.38) with the highest fruit length (3.46 cm), fruit weight (3.96 g) and fruit diameter (19.19 mm) and also noted the highest fruit yield per plant (416.8 g), fruit yield per plot (5.63 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (17.37 t/ha). Regarding the fruit quality parameters and soil moisture content, the interaction effect of spacing and mulching showed non-significant effect. Soil parameters showed that the highest soil pH in S2M3 i.e. at 45 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) (6.07), S1M3 i.e. at 30 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) (6.07) and S3M2 i.e. at 60 cm x 30 cm spacing with polyethylene mulch (6.07) and the highest soil EC was reported in S3M3 i.e. at 60 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) (0.129 dS/m) and S2M3 i.e. at 45 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) (0.129 dS/m). The highest available nitrogen content and available potassium content (325.65 kg/ha) in the soil was noted in S2M3 i.e. at 45 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) (290.06 kg/ha). However, available phosphorous content exhibited non-significant variations. The overall data recorded during two years of experimentation revealed that the genotype DPL CA-8 was performed better with respect to growth, yield and quality parameters and recorded the highest yield as well as highest fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight at 60 cm x 30 cm spacing with organic mulch (gliricidia mulch) during kharif seasons under Konkan agro-climatic conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of consecutive sowings and spacing on growth and yield of amaranth, radish, spinach and coriander(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-01) Mr. Solkar, Prasad Subhash; Dr. Mali, P.C.The field experiment entitled, “Effect of consecutive sowings and spacing on growth and yield of amaranth, radish, spinach and coriander” was conducted at Experimental field of College of Horticulture, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri during rabi season, 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications consisting of two factors i.e. First factor - Consecutive sowings consisting of four different sowing dates viz., C1- Sowing during second fortnight of October, C2- Sowing during second fortnight of November, C3- Sowing during second fortnight of December, C4- Sowing during second fortnight of January. Second factor -Spacing consisting of four different spacing’s viz., T1 (20 cm spacing between two rows), T2 (30 cm spacing between two rows), T3 (40 cm spacing between two rows) and T4-Broadcasting. Thus, in all 16 treatment combinations were studied. Under different consecutive sowings, spacing and their interactions showed significant variation in most of the growth parameters, yield attributing characters and physiochemical properties of amaranth, radish, spinach and coriander. In amaranth, under different consecutive sowings, maximum plant height (32.98 cm) was recorded in C1, whereas maximum average leaf area (227.04 cm2), weight of the plant (12.11 g), yield per hectare (10.62 t/ha) and relative growth rate (0.12 cm/cm/day) were recorded in C3. Under different spacing, the maximum plant height (30.42 cm) was recorded in T1 whereas, the maximum average leaf area (227.55 cm2) and weight of the plant (8.31 g) were recorded in T3. However, the higher yield per hectare (10.44 t/ha) and RGR (0.10 cm/cm/day) were recorded in T1. In interaction, the maximum plant height (37.29 cm) and RGR (0.13 cm/cm/day) were recorded in C1T1 and C3T4 respectively. However, the maximum average leaf area (276.43 cm2) and weight of the plant (12.26 g) were recorded in C3T3 whereas, the yield per hectare (11.47 t/ha) was recorded in C3T1. In radish, under different consecutive sowings, the maximum plant height (30.67 cm), average leaf area (538.09 cm2) and yield per hectare (27.77 t/ha) were recorded in C3 whereas, the maximum weight of the plant (45.40 g) and RGR (0.07 cm/cm/day) were recorded in C1. Under different spacing, the maximum plant height (27.83 cm), average leaf area (547.31 cm2), weight of the plant (41.49 g) and yield per hectare (27.49 t/ha) were recorded in T3 whereas, the RGR (0.07 cm/cm/day) were recorded in T4. In interaction, the maximum plant height (31.22 cm), average leaf area (586.86 cm2), weight of the plant (48.75 g) and yield per hectare (31.88 t/ha) were recorded in C3T3 whereas, the RGR (0.08 cm/cm/day) was recorded in C4T4. In spinach, under different consecutive sowings, the maximum plant height (22.51 cm), average leaf area (245.34 cm2), weight of the plant (13.52 g) and RGR (0.11 cm/cm/day) were recorded in C1 whereas, the maximum yield per hectare (22.56 t/ha) was recorded in C3. Under different spacing, the maximum plant height (19.58 cm), average leaf area (217.30 cm2) and yield per hectare (17.46 t/ha) were recorded in T1 whereas, the maximum weight of the plant (9.62 g) and RGR (0.09 cm/cm/day) were recorded in T3 and T4 respectively. In interaction, the maximum weight of the plant (15.17 g) and average leaf area (339.90 cm2) were recorded in C1T3 whereas, the maximum plant height (23.57 cm), yield per hectare (24.31 t/ha) and RGR (0.14 cm/cm/day) were recorded in C1T1, C3T1 and C1T4, respectively. In coriander, under different consecutive sowings, the maximum plant height (11.96 cm), average leaf area (132.79 cm2), weight of plant (6.91 g), yield per hectare (8.13 t/ha) were recorded in C3 whereas, the RGR (0.08 cm/cm/day) was recorded in C1, C2 and C3. Under different spacing, the maximum plant height (13.33 cm), average leaf area (146.67 cm2), weight of plant (6.78 g), yield per plot (9.49 t/ha) were recorded in T2 whereas, the maximum RGR (0.09 cm/cm/day) was recorded in T3. In interaction, the maximum average leaf area (157.90 cm2), weight of plant (8.13 g), yield per hectare (9.83 t/ha) were recorded in C3T2 whereas, the maximum plant height (14.03 cm) and RGR (0.09cm/cm/day) were recorded in C1T2 and C3T3, respectively. In consecutive sowings, various yield attributing characters recorded better performance in C3 (3rd consecutive sowing) as compared to C1 and C2, whereas better physiochemical properties were recorded from C1 (1st sowing) in all the crops under study. In spacing, the highest yield was obtained from T1 (20 cm spacing between two rows) in amaranth and spinach, but in radish higher yield was obtained from T3 (40 cm spacing between two rows) and in coriander was obtained from T2 (30 cm spacing between two rows). Better physiochemical properties were observed from T3 in all three crops. Thus, it is evident that the wider spacing improved the physiochemical properties in all the crops under study. In interaction between spacing and consecutive sowing, higher yield was obtained from C3T1 combination in amaranth and spinach. However, in radish and coriander higher yield was obtained from C3T3 and C3T2, respectively. The better physiochemical properties were recorded with C1T3 in amaranthus, radish and coriander as well as in spinach it was recorded with C1T4 under study. The best treatment combination with high B:C ratio were recorded in C3T1 (1.51), C3T3 (2.88), C3T1 (2.50) and C3T2 (1.69) for amaranth, radish, spinach and coriander respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that leafy vegetables were ideal crops for cultivation during rabi season and the consecutive sowing of amaranth, spinach, radish and coriander can be done without decrease in yield. Moreover, for higher yield closure spacing (20 cm spacing between two rows) is best in amaranth and spinach, while in radish, wider spacing (40 cm spacing between two rows) and in coriander 30 cm row spacing should be adopted for higher yield and if you want to double the farmers income, taking four crops on same piece of land in one season was possible, with either sole crop as amaranth, radish, spinach or coriander. Considering the continuous market demand of leafy vegetables regular supply can be manage by adopting consecutive sowings.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of spacing and organic manure on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during Kharif Season(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-01) Miss. Jankar, Ujwala Ananda; Dr. Shirke, G. D.The present investigation entitled “Effect of spacing and organic manure on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during kharif season” was carried out at College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2018-2019. The experiment was executed in split plot design with three main plot of Spacing and four sub-plot of organic manure with three replications. Among different spacings in regards to vegetative attributes 60 X 30 cm found to be significantly superior with respect to maximum number of nodes (18.47/plant), maximum number of leaves (26.93/ plant), fresh and dry weight of plant (413.60 g and 124.45 g, respectively). While, maximum number of branches (2.33/plant), maximum stem girth (20.02 mm) and minimum inter nodal length (6.76 cm) were recorded under the spacing of 60 X 45 cm. Maximum plant height (129.05 cm) and minimum number of nodes (17.95) were recorded in the spacing of 60 x 15 cm. In flowering attributes, early initiation of flowering (51.92 DAS) was recorded in 60 x 30 cm. Minimum days to 50% flowering (56.25 DAS) and lowest nodal position of first flower (8.18) was recorded in 60 x 45 cm. Minimum days required for flowering to harvesting (6.08) was recorded under the 60 X 15 cm spacing. In yield and yield attributing parameters, maximum number of pickings (15.00), number of fruits per plant (22.97), maximum fruit length (13.50 cm), maximum fruit diameter (18.28 mm), maximum fruit weight (16.88 g) and fruit yield per plant (362.04 g) were significantly superior in 60 X 30 cm. Whereas, minimum number of days to first picking (63.17 DAS) and maximum yield (31.00 kg/plot and 396.75 q/ha, respectively) were recorded in the spacing of 60 X 15 cm. In the quality parameters, maximum ascorbic acid (18.27 mg/100g) was recorded in 60 X 45 cm and lowest crude fiber content (9.35 %) was recorded in the 60 X 30 cm spacing. In case of soil analysis, maximum available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium (338.57 kg/ha, 12.46 kg/ha and 544.54 kg/ha, respectively) was recorded in the spacing of 60 X 45 cm. Maximum pH (6.28) was in 60 X 30 cm and maximum EC (0.20 dSm-1) was in 60 X 15 cm In case of organic manure, significantly higher plant height (129.33 cm), number of branches (2.71), number of leaves (28.98), stem girth (22.32 mm) fresh and dry weight of plant (468.94 g and 149.66 g, respectively), number of pickings (15.11), number of fruits per plant (24.13), fruit length (13.77 cm), diameter of fruit (18.58 mm), weight of fruit (17.66 g), fruit yield (427.30 g/plant, 22.55 kg/plot and 284.81 q/ha, respectively) and least number of days to first pickings (62.33), was recorded in the treatment of 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF). In case of flowering parameters, minimum days to first flower and 50% flowering (51.78 and 56.67 days, respectively), highest nodal position of first flower (8.78), was recorded in the same treatment. Reduced number of nodes (20.11) and reduced inter nodal length (6.47 cm) was recorded in 2 t/ha Neem Cake. In the quality parameters, maximum ascorbic acid (18.27 mg/100g) was recorded in 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF) and 5 t/ha Vermicompost. Lowest crude fiber content (9.03 %) in 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF). In the soil analysis, maximum pH (6.13) was in 4 t/ha poultry manure and maximum EC (0.18 dSm-1) in 5 t/ha Vermicompost. Maximum available nitrogen and available potassium (325.26 kg/ha, and 524.20kg/ha, respectively) was in 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF) and available phosphorus (12.69 kg/ha) in 2 t/ha Neem cake In interaction effect between spacing and organic manure, significantly highest height (136.01 cm), yield (34.38 kg/plot and 466.18 q/ha, respectively) in the application of 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF) in 60 x 15 cm. Minimum inter nodal length (6.00 cm) was in 2 t/ha Neem cake in 60 X 45 cm. Maximum number of branches (3.60), minimum days to 50% flowering (56.00) in 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF) in 60 x 45 cm. Number of nodes (21.00), 4 t/ha Poultry manure in 60 X 30 cm. Maximum number of leaves (29.73), stem girth (22.75 mm), fresh and dry weight of plant (546.87 g and 216.80 g, respectively), number of fruits per plant (25.13), fruit length (14.00), diameter of fruit (19.15 mm), fruit weight (19.13 g), fruit yield per plant (470.87 g), minimum days to first picking (61.67), and lowest crude fiber content (9.00) was recorded in the application of 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF) in 60 x 30 cm. Maximum number of pickings (16.00) in 4 t/ha Poultry manure in 60 X 15 cm. Minimum days for flowering to harvesting (6.00) was recorded in 4 t/ha Poultry manure in 60 X 45 cm. In soil analysis, maximum pH (6.41) was in recorded in 4 t/ha Poultry manure in 60 X 45 cm. Highest EC (0.26) was in 5 t/ha Vermicompost in 60 X 15 cm. Highest available nitrogen and available potassium (357.85 kg/ha and 566.75 kg/ha, respectively) was in application of 10 t/ha FYM + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (RDF) in 60 x 45 cm. and maximum available potassium (14.00 kg/ha) was in 4 t/ha Poultry manure in 60 X 45 cm. Economics of the experiment revealed that the treatment combination of S1M3 (i.e. 60 x 15 cm spacing and 4 t/ha poultry manure ) proved most economical with 2.95 B:C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of osmodehydrated slices and preserve making technology in snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-01) Miss. Chogale, Suchita Bhanudas; Pawar, Dr. C. D.The investigation entitled “Standardization of osmodehydrated slices and preserve making technology in snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica L.)” was undertaken at Olericulture Laboratory and Fruit and Vegetable Processing Unit of College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during 2019-2020. Both the experiments under study were carried out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with four treatments of different maturity stages, M1 (Mature green stage), M2 (Turning stage), M3 (Ripe stage) and M4 (Over ripe stage) and three sugar syrup concentrations i.e. 400B, 500B and 600B for osmodehydrated slices and 600B, 700B and 800B for snapmelon preserve. In experiment no.1, snapmelon osmodehydrated slices were prepared and stored for six months at ambient temperature for further study. In case of maturity stages, treatment M2 (turning stage) was found best, in sugar syrup concentrations treatment S3 (60 0B) and in the interactions, M2S3 (turning stage and 60 0B) was found best at the end of 6 months storage with respect to changes in chemical parameters during storage. In case of sensory quality, treatment M1 (mature green stage) was found best with respect to maturity stages and in sugar syrup concentrations treatment S2 (50 0B). Interaction M1S1 (mature green stage and 40 0B) was found best at the end of 6 months storage with respect to sensory quality. In case of microbial study as far as maturity stages are concerned, treatment M1 (mature green stage) and M2 (turning stage) were found to be best and in sugar syrup concentrations treatment S3 (60 0B). In case of interactions, M1S1, M1S2, M1S3, M2S1, M2S2, M2S3, M3S2 and M3S3 were found to be the best with respect to fungal count. In bacterial count, interactions M1S1, M1S2, M1S3, M2S1, M2S2, M2S3, M3S1, M3S2, M3S3 and M4S3 were found to be best. The highest B:C ratio was recorded by interaction M1S1 (2.30), followed by M1S2 (2.10), M1S3 (2.04) and M2S1 (1.98). In experiment no.2, snapmelon preserve were prepared and stored for six months at ambient temperature for further study. In case of maturity stages, treatment M2 (turning stage) was found to be the best, in sugar syrup concentrations treatment S3 (800B) and in interactions, M2S3 (turning stage and 80 0B) was found to be the best at the end of 6 months storage with respect to changes in chemical parameters during storage. As far as sensory quality is concerned, in case of maturity stages, treatment M1 (mature green stage), in sugar syrup concentrations treatment S2 (70 0B) and in interactions M1S2 (mature green stage and 70 0B) was found to be best with respect to sensory quality at the end of 6 months storage. In microbial study, in case of maturity stages treatment M2 (turning stage) was found to be best and in sugar syrup concentrations treatment S3 (800B) was best. In case of interactions, M1S2, M1S3, M2S2, M2S3, M3S3 and M4S3 were found to be the best in fungal count and in case of bacterial count, interactions M1S3, M2S2 and M2S3 were found to be best. The highest B:C ratio was recorded by interaction M1S2 (1.95), followed by M1S1 (1.92). From the above finding it is concluded that interaction M1S1 (mature green stage and 40 0B) was found to be best followed by M2S1 (turning stage and 40 0B) for preparation of osmodehydrated slices and interaction M1S2 (mature green stage and 70 0B) was found to be best for preparation of snapmelon preserve.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of spacing and organic manure on growth and yield performance of Indian spinach (Basella rubra L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2021-11-01) Mr. Pawar, Tejesh Shirish; Haldavanekar, P. C.The present investigation entitled, “Effect of spacing and organic manure on growth and yield performance of Indian spinach (Basella rubra L.)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S) during the kharif and summer season in the academic year 2019-20 in Split Plot Design with three replications. Two factors were studied during the investigation viz., spacing S1 (50 × 30 cm), S2 (50 × 45 cm) and S3 (50 × 60 cm) as main plot treatments and b) organic manure levels viz., M1 (FYM @ 10 t/ha + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK), M2 (vermicompost @ 5 t / ha), M3 (poultry manure @ 4 t/ha) and M4 (neem cake @ 2 t/ha) as sub-plot treatments. Thus, in all 12 treatment combinations were studied. Under different spacings, organic manures and their interactions showed significant variation in growth parameters, yield attributing characters and quality parameters of Indian spinach. With regards to variation in spacing, growth parameters and yield attributing characters of Indian spinach at all growth stages varied significantly. The growth observations of Indian spinach viz., plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, inter-nodal length, number of branches and leaf area varied significantly among various spacings. The highest plant height (51.05 cm), stem diameter (16.78 mm) and inter-nodal length (3.55 cm) was recorded with treatment S3. The highest number of leaves (52.61), number of branches (12.47) and leaf area (238.82 cm2) was recorded with treatment S2. Whereas, the yield attributing characters were also noticed significant effect. The highest herbage yield per plant (109.71 g) and total herbage yield per plant (406.23 g) was recorded with treatment S3. While, the herbage yield per plot (5.14 kg), total herbage yield per plot (24.95 kg) and total herbage yield per hectare (27.72 t) was recorded with treatment S1. However, the chemical parameters of Indian spinach were non- significantly varied except dry matter and shelf life. The highest dry matter (14.81 %) and shelf life (33.58 hours) was recorded in treatment S3. The chemical properties of soil viz., soil pH, EC, available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were significantly varied. The highest pH (5.64), available nitrogen (333.20 kg/ha), available phosphorous (16.03 kg/ha) and available potassium (359.89 kg/ha) was recorded with treatment S3. The highest soil EC (0.21 dSm-1) was recorded with treatment S1. Further, observing the effect of different organic manures on growth, yield and chemical parameters of Indian spinach were found significant at all growth stages. The highest plant height (50.54 cm), stem diameter (17.63 mm), number of leaves (55.59), inter-nodal length (3.37 cm), number of branches (11.72) and leaf area (240.15 cm2) were observed with treatment M1. Also, the highest herbage yield per plant ( 109.49 g), highest herbage yield per plot (4.32 kg), total herbage yield per plant (404.58 g), total herbage yield per plot (20.75 kg) and total herbage yield per hectare (23.05 t) were recorded with treatment M1. Whereas, the highest vitamin A (3.71 mg/100 g)), dry matter (14.88 %) were recorded with treatment M1 and ascorbic acid (68.67 mg/100 g) and shelf life (33.33 hours) were recorded with treatment M3. The chemical properties of soil viz., soil pH, EC, available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were also significantly varied. The highest pH (5.67), EC (0.20 dSm-1), available nitrogen (327.94 kg/ha), available phosphorous (14.91 kg/ha) and available potassium (351.82 kg/ha) was recorded with treatment M3. With regards to interaction effect spacing and organic manures had significant effect on growth and yield parameters of Indian spinach. The highest plant height (53.35 cm), stem diameter (19.86 mm) and inter-nodal length (4.13 cm) was recorded with treatment combination S3M1. The highest number of leaves (58.18), number of branches (12.74) and leaf area (253.32 cm2) were observed with treatment combination S2M1. The highest herbage yield per plant (110.14 g) and total herbage yield per plant (409.23 g) was recorded with treatment combination S3M1 whereas, the highest herbage yield per plot (5.87 kg), total herbage yield per plot (28.55 kg) and total herbage yield per hectare (31.72 t) were recorded with treatment combination S1M1. The interaction effect on quality parameters had non-significant effect except dry matter and shelf life. The highest dry matter (16.42 %) was recorded with treatment combination S3M1. And highest shelf life (33.33 hours) was recorded with treatment combination S3M3. The chemical properties of soil viz., soil pH, EC, available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were found significantly varied. The highest pH (5.83), available nitrogen (335.55 kg/ha), available phosphorous (16.40 kg/ha) and available potassium (361.41 kg/ha) was recorded with treatment combination S3M3. The highest soil EC (0.23 dSm-1) was recorded with treatment combination S1M3. Thus, from the present investigation entitled, “effect of spacing and organic manure on growth and yield performances of Indian spinach” it was concluded that the treatment FYM @ 10 t /ha + 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK performed better for yield maximization in Indian spinach at 50 × 30 cm spacing. Thus, integrated approach towards nutrient management is essential for yield maximization in Indian spinach under konkan agro-climatic condition. However, it needs confirmation by conducting the same field investigation for succesive two years.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on maturity indices of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-24) Vishe, Rohit Ramesh; Haldavanekar, P. C.The present investigation entitled “Studies on maturity indices of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.)” was carried out during rabi and summer season of the year 2021-2022 at AICRP on tuber crops, Central Experiment Station, Wakavali. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments (harvesting intervals) and was replicated thrice. The various treatments include harvesting of tubers at 15 days interval i.e., 5 MAP (T1), 5.5 MAP (T2), 6 MAP (T3), 6.5 MAP (T4), 7 MAP (T5), 7.5 MAP (T6), 8 MAP (T7) and 8.5 MAP (T8). The effect of harvesting intervals on various visual, physico-chemical and storage behavior were studied. The seed tubers of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) cv. Konkan Kanchan weighing around 80-100g were planted at the beginning of the rainy season. All recommended package of practices were followed to grow luxuriant crop. Harvesting of tuber was done at 15 days intervals from 5 MAP (Months After Planting) to 8.5 MAP. Visual observation, chemical content, storage behavior of lesser yam was monitored and data were collected. Yellow colour of lesser yam leaves were found at 7 MAP (T5) and 7.5 MAP (T6) onwards senescence of vines was occurred. Sharp increase in the sugar, starch and protein content of tuber was observed up to 6.5 MAP (T4) -7.5 MAP (T6) and start to decline when leaves became dry after 7.5 MAP (T6). The maximum sugar, starch and protein content was found at 6.5 MAP (T4)-7.5MAP (T6) which fairly coincided with the yellowing and senescence of leaves. Dry matter of tubers increased from 5 MAP (T1) to 7 MAP (T5) afterwards it remains steady. The tubers harvested from 6.5 MAP to 7.5 MAP and stored at ambient condition exhibited less PLW, sprouting and shriveling (%) than other harvesting intervals. The results clearly indicated that the, lesser yam tubers can be harvested from 5 MAP to 8.5 MAP for edible purposed and stored up to 90-0 days. Whereas, the tubers harvested from 5 MAP to 7.5 MAP stored for 90-60 days. As the harvesting intervals progressed it affect the storage period of tubers. However, the harvesting intervals from 6.5 MAP (T4) to 7.5 MAP (T6) showed the good quality matured tubers which can be stored up to 60 days and exhibit the less symptoms like PLW, shriveling and sprouting (%). Thus, best time for tuber harvesting can indicated by monitoring yellowing of leaves, dry matter, sugar, starch and protein content of tuber.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of potting media on vigour of seedlings for grafting and healing chambers on acclimatization of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) grafts(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-14) Mundhe, Pratiksha Manohar; Sanap, P. B.The present investigation entitled “Effect of potting media on vigour of seedlings for grafting and healing chambers on acclimatization of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) grafts”was carried out at College of Horticulture, Dapoli (M.H), Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkon Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during Rabiseason in year 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design withconsidering two factors,twelvetreatments and three replications. In first experiment Factor: A consistedof two sterilization factors S1: Sterilized media and S0: Non-sterilized media and Factor: B consisted of six medias M1- Cocopeat(100%), M2- Cocopeat (75%) + Vermicompost (25%), M3- Cocopeat (50%) + Vermicompost (50%), M4- Cocopeat (25%) + Vermicompost (75%), M5- Cocopeat (75%) + Saw Dust (25%) andM6- Cocopeat (75%) + Rice husk (25%), whereas in second experiment Factor: A consisted of three types of healing chamber C1: Polycarbonated polyhouse, C2: Shade net, C3: AVRDC model and Factor: B consisted of four acclimatization time D1: 3 DAG, D2: 4 DAG, D3: 5 DAG and D4: 6 DAG. Data related to media analysis, pest and disease incidence, humidity (%), temperature (0C), light intensity (Lux) was also calculated. The results clearly indicated that in first experiment S1: Sterilized media andM4- Cocopeat (25%) + Vermicompost (75%) potting media recorded maximum performance with respect all the parameters studied, however the difference among various treatments was significant at the end of experiment (42 DAG in rootstock and 35 DAG in scion seedlings). In second experiment C3: AVRDC model andD3: 5 DAG acclimatization time was found significantly superior over the other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Value added products from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-14) Samant, Durga Vithal; Pawar, C.D.The investigation entitled “Value added products from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)" was carried out at Fruit and Vegetable Processing Unit, College of horticulture, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during 2021-22. The research study include two experiments. In the first experiment i.e. studies on preparation of jam from red flesh of watermelon fruit, factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with four treatments of type of flesh residue after juice extraction viz.T1-(flesh of whole red part), T2-(juice after extraction of 25% juice ), T3-( juiceafter extraction of 50% juice) and T4-( juice after extraction of 75% juice) and three treatments of pectin viz. P1 (no pectin), P2 (0.5% pectin) and P3 (1% pectin) were used and the product was analyzed for different chemical and sensory attributes and also microbial count was taken at three months interval during storage. It was observed that the T.S.S., reducing sugars, total sugars increased while acidity, moisture, pH, lycopene, potassium, colour, flavor, texture and overall acceptability decreased after 6 months storage. With respect to type of flesh residue treatment T1 had the highest total sugars, reducing sugars, colour, flavour and lowest moisture and fungal count. T2 had the best T.S.S. and overall acceptability. T3 had highest scores for texture and lowest bacterial count. T4 had the highest acidity, potassium and lycopene content. With respect to pectin concentrations treatment P1 had the highest T.S.S., total sugars and lowest moisture and bacterial count. Treatment P2 had highest reducing sugars and P3 had highest acidity, lycopene, potassium, scores for colour, flavor, texture and overall acceptability and lowest pH and fungal count at six months of storage. With respect to interaction T1P1 had the highest T.S.S. and lowest moisture. T1P3 had lowest pH, T1P2 recorded highest reducing and total sugars and T4P3 had highest lycopene, potassium and acidity. T2P3 recorded highest scores for colour, flavour and overall acceptability. Whereas, interaction T3P3 recorded highest scores for texture. T1P1, T2P1, T2P2, T3P1, T3P2, T3P3, T4P1, T4P2, T4P3 had lowest bacterial count and T1P3 had lowest fungal count at 6 month of storage. In case of cost of production of watermelon red flesh jam T4P2 had highest benefit:cost ratio (3.34) followed by T4P1 (3.31), T4P3 (3.31) and T2P2 (2.16). In the second experiment i.e. studies on preparation of candy from white part of watermelon, completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments viz.T1-(fast method with 0.2% citric acid), T2-( fast method with 0.4% citric acid), T3-( slow method with 0.2% citric acid)) and T4-( slow method with 0.4% citric acid)) were used and the product was analyzed for different chemical and sensory attributes and also microbial count was taken at three months interval during storage period of 6 months. It was observed that the TSS and total sugars increased and reducing sugars, moisture and potassium content decreased during storage period of six months. However, acidity remained unchanged. After six months of storage, T1 had the highest T.S.S. T2 had the highest reducing sugars and total sugars. Treatment T4 had highest acidity and lowest moisture, fungal count and bacterial count. Whereas T3 recorded highest potassium content and high score for colour, flavour, texture andoverall acceptability during 6 months of storage. In case of cost of production highest benefit:cost ratio of (1.49) was recorded by T3 followed by T4 (1.48).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of plant growth regulators and type of cuttings on propagation of Little gourd (Coccinia grandis L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-08) Jagdale, Chandrakala; Sanap, P.B.The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators and type of cuttings on propagation of Little gourd (Cocciniagrandis L.)” was carried out during 2021-2022 at the College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dr. BalasahebSawantKonkanKrishiVidyapeethDapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with fifteen treatments and replicated thrice. In this experiment, effect of type of cuttings [basal cuttings (C1), middle cuttings (C2) and top cuttings (C3)] and plant growth regulators [250 ppm IBA (P1), 500 ppm IBA (P2), 750 ppm IBA (P3), Keradixpowder (P4) and control (P5)] on rooting and shooting parameters of little gourd cuttings were studied. The data revealed that, the days required for sprouting, survival percentage and growth parameters of cuttings of little gourd were found to be significantly influenced by the types of cutting and different plant growth regulators. Among the interactions between types of cutting (C) and different plant growth regulators (P), it is concluded that basal cuttings treated with IBA@ 250 ppm was the most effective treatment among all treatments in all the respect of root and shoot parameters in little gourd under Konkan condition. Maximum net realization (Rs. 13,228.95) and BCR (2.49) was also obtained with treatment combination of C1P1 i.e. basal cuttings treated with 250 ppm IBA. The result obtained from this investigation can be used to develop a protocol for production of quality planting material of little gourd through cuttings.
