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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION LEVELS THROUGH PULSE DRIP IRRIGATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.)(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2023-03-27) ER. RAWAT GOVIND; Dr.U.S.KADAM, Dr.P. M. Ingle; Dr. H. N.Bhange, J. S. DhekaleABSTRACT EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION LEVELS THROUGH PULSE DRIP IRRIGATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.) by Mr. Rawat Govind Regd. No. : ENDPD 2019 / 040 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Project guide : Prof. Dr. U. S. Kadam Department : Irrigation and Drainage Engineering The present experimental study entitled as, “Effect of different irrigation and fertigation levels through pulse drip irrigation on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.)” was conducted during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 at the Instructional Farm of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. The experimental site is situated at 17° 45’ 13.1” N latitude and 73° 10’ 47.4” E longitude and altitude of 250 m. The location of study area is in coastal belt of Konkan region of Maharashtra state. The experiment was arranged in thirty six treatment combinations in each replication with strip-split plot design as vertical factor includes (main strip treatment) one pulse irrigation (P1), two pulses (P2), three pulses (P3) and four pulses (P4) alongwith (sub strip treatment ) as irrigation levels viz. I1(0.80 ETc), I2(1.0 ETc) and I3(1.20 ETc) treatments, while horizontal factor (sub treatment) as fertigation levels viz. F1(0.80 RD), F2(1.0 RD) and F3(1.20 RD) treatments. The daily water requirement for carrot crop under pulse drip irrigation was assessed with Penman Monteith method (Allen et al., 1998). The available discharge and emission uniformity of the drip system was recorded as 2.25 L.h-1 and 95.26 % for year 2019-2020 and 2.25 L.h-1 and 94.34 % for trial year2019-2020 and 2020-2021 respectively. The recommended dose of fertilizer 100:60:80 NPK (Rani and Reddy, 2006) for carrot crop was considered to apply through water soluble fertilizers as per fertigation levels. The growth parameters were recorded on five randomly selected plants of carrot at an interval of 15 days from 30 DAS to 90 DAS. The soil moisture was determined at 15 and 30 cm depth along 0, 10 and 20 cm and 0, 10, 20 and 30 cm distance across the lateral. The statistical analysis was done with SAS by analysis of variance appropriate for strip-split plot design. The aim of the study is to do scientific study on carrot crop in Konkan region of Maharashtra state. The carrot is such a rooted vegetable crop which can be consumed with and without cooking just after harvesting. It also preserved for long use in form of pickle and pectin. The nutritional value of 100 g of edible portion of carrot contains 88.9 g water, 835 µg vitamin A, 9.58 g carbohydrate, 3480 µg carotene-α, 8280 µg carotene-β, 41 kcal energy and 2.8 g fiber. The result revealed that mean value of both seasonal water applied was 262.4, 310.0 and 357.7 mm, in irrigation level I1 (0.8 ETc), I2 (1.0 ETc) and I3 (1.2 ETc), respectively. The moisture depletion was found more than 20 % in irrigation level I1 before 2 hrs of irrigation under all pulses, which might have created water stress in carrot plant. The available moisture content after 2 hrs of irrigation was ranged from 26.4 to 25.0 % at 15 cm depth and 26.2 to 25.1 % at 30 cm depth from 0 to 30 cm distances which are near to field capacity (26.02 %) in P4I2 treatment. It might have provided favorable soil-water-air plant relationship during critical growth stages of carrot between two emitters along and across the lateral. The soil moisture content at 2 hrs after irrigation in P4I3 treatment combination was endowed above field capacity (26.8 to 26.1 %) from 0 to 30 cm distances from the emitter at 30 cm depth, which might have resulting excess moisture below the emitter caused the reduced yield of crop between two emitters on the same lateral. The result of growth and yield parameters obtained from both the trials showed that highest pulse level i.e. P4 was superior and irrigation level I2 and I3 were given at par results, simultaneously fertigation level F3 was found at highest level. The mean value of growth parameters like number of leaves, plant height and canopy diameter were found significant from 60 DAS to 90 DAS maximum was obtained in treatment combination of P4I3F3(8.38, 9.91 and 10.8), P4I2F3(42.5, 57.0 and 58.6 cm) and P4I3F3(32.8, 46.2 and 53.9 cm), respectively. The mean value of yield parameters like shoulder diameter, carrot length, average root weight and carrot yield were found from treatment combination of P4I2F2(4.29 cm), P2I3F3(28.44 cm), P4I2F2(91.40 g) and P4I3F3(40.64 t.ha-1, respectively). The maximum water use efficiency was obtained from the treatment combination of P4I1F1(1.27, 1.47 and 1.37 t.ha-1cm-1) during the year 2020, 2021 and pooled data. The study resulted maximum average value of B.C. (2.51) from the treatment combination P4I2F2. Key words: Pulse drip irrigation, irrigation level, fertigation level, water use efficiency, moisture content, carrot, Konkan region and field capacity.ThesisItem Open Access THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER USERS ASSOCIATION: A CASE STUDY OF SHREE DATTA WATER USER ASSOCIATION MIREWADI(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2023-03-17) Mr. HAKE KUNAL SURESH; Dr.U.S.KADAM; Dr. S. T. Patil, Dr. P.M.iNGLETHESIS ABSTRACT Water is precious natural resource and its availability is limited for agriculture and human use. Due to increase in population, the pressure on land and water is increased. The irrigated agriculture has potential to increase the yield by 2 to 3 times than the rain fed irrigation. The irrigated agriculture is done by surface water resources and ground surfaces. In surface irrigation system, the canal irrigation system is important in distribution of the water to the command area. In canal irrigation system the water loss during the conveyance losses and reduces the overall project efficiency; also the evaporation losses are higher in open channels. Therefore the major goal of the case study of water users association is to improve the performance of existing system by adopting micro irrigation system in command area. According to first objective, the existing cropping pattern were worked by conducting survey of farmers in head, middle and tail reach of minor - 5 of Shree Datta WUA Mirewadi during February 2022 to March 2022. Also the various performance indicators were worked out as per second objective of the project. As per third objective, the strategic planning was suggested for improving the water user’s association system performance. It study found that the existing gross returns were less by 1 to 4.8 times than the gross returns obtained from the recommended package of practices (RPP). The performance indicators showed that land and water were not the limitation in the Shree Datta Water Users Association Mirewadi. Based on the results it was observed that the water productivity of sugarcane was optimum but the sorghum and sapota gives poor result. The strategic plan of proposed design of micro - irrigation system for 80.91 ha area with 9 proposed crops and their entire area is divided into 5 zones. From the result, raising main of 508 mm (20 inch) and pump of 135 HP is required for the 80.91 ha micro - irrigation system. By adopting micro irrigation system the total area is possible to take under irrigation with a diversified cropping pattern. Therefore, because of lift cum micro irrigation system the proper maintaining of irrigation and fertigation scheduling is possible and results in increasing irrigation efficiency, cropping intensity and ultimately the yield, productivity and gross returns under proposed crops is increased than existing. Therefore it is suggested that, to improve the system performance of Shree Datta Water Users Association Mirewadi the micro irrigation system is important way to doubles the farmer’s income.ThesisItem Open Access TO STUDY THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON PRECIPITATION AND PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE STUDY OF DAPOLI TEHSIL. DIST. RATNAGIRI.(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2023-01-24) Mr. Pawar Sunil Bhagwan; Dr. P. M. Ingle; Prof.Dr. U. S. Kadam, Dr.S.T.PatilTHESIS ABSTRACT Worldwide attention has been focused mainly on the climatic variability of rainfall, air temperature, wind, relative humidity, and sunshine hours. These variables' variability or variations might vary greatly depending on the location. The present study examined the variability and trend of these climate variables for Dapoli (Maharashtra) over 37 years, from 1985 to 2021. While non-parametric methods like the Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator test have been used to study trend analysis, statistical parameters have been used to analyse the variability of these climatic variables. For various time scales, e.g., seasonal (winter, pre-monsoon, southwest monsoon, and post-monsoon) and annual basis, statistical and trend analyses have been carried out. Impact of change in climatic parameters on the precipitation and productivity of different crops grown in the study area were also carried out. Changes in rainfall rate with percent change in climatic parameters were carried out by developing a multiple linear regression model. Effect of changed climatic parameters in terms of reference evapotranspiration with the yield was tested using the model suggested by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979). The average annual minimum and maximum value of rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours, and pan-evaporation were found as 2330.7mm and 5421.4mm, 30.4 ℃ to 31.8 ℃, 17 ℃ to 20.2 ℃, 88.8% to 95.1%, 61.3% to75.4%, 3.8 km/hr to 5.4 km/hr, 6 hrs/day to 7.7hrs/day, and 1196.4 mm to 1780.8 mm, respectively. Annual trend of Tmin, Tmax, RHmin, and RHmax significantly increasing at 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.9%, and 95% levels of significance with a magnitude of 0.05 ℃/year, 0.03 ℃/year, 0.19 %/year, and 0.07 %/year, respectively. Wind speed and sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend at 95 % and 99.9% levels of significance with the magnitude of -0.01 km/hr and -0.03 hr/day, respectively. There was no significant trend found for rainfall and pan-evaporation. Multiple regression models have shown every 1℃ change in Tmin resulted in a change in rainfall rate of -12.3mm. Similarly, for RHmin and RHmax, a change of every 1% resulted in a change in rainfall rate of 32 mm and 7.1 mm, respectively. The rainfall rate was changed to 70 mm for every change in 1km/hr of wind speed. Doorenbos and Kassam ( 1979) model for Paddy crop shown, a reduction of -10%, -15%, -20%, and -25% in ETm results in -24.5 %,-36.8%,-49 %, and -61.3% of reduction in yield. For banana crop, ETm is reduced to 20% results in a reduction of 45% of the yield. Reduction in watermelon yield was more than 50 % when ETm was reduced to 20. Pulse crop reduction in -10% to 25% ETm results in -22.5% to 50% reduction in yield. For mustard crop, reduction in ETm as -10%, -15%, -20%, -25% results in -27.8%,-41.7%,-55.6% and -69.5% reduction of yield. For groundnuts crop reduction in yield from -18% to-45% with respect to a reduction in ETm from -10% to -25%, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES : A CASE STUDY OF KUNDAL VILLAGE IN PALUS TEHSIL OF DISTRICT SANGLI(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2023-01-01) Miss. LAD POOJA DILIP; Dr. S. T. Patil; Dr. U.S Kadam, Dr. P.M IngleIndustries become a major source of groundwater pollution. Waste water from the industries are directly discharged in the water source or in the open field which causes groundwater contamination and soil contamination. Considering this view the present study was conducted in the surrounding area of the sugar factory. Total twelve samples were collected from the study area, three samples from the main industrial drain and remaining nine samples from open wells situated in the surrounding agriculture area of sugar factory. Samples were sent to the laboratory to analyse the physiochemical water quality parameters such as Teperature, pH, EC, TDS, Total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrate, sulphide, carbonate, bicarbonate, COD, BOD, oil and grease, SAR, RSC, SSP and mg/ca ration. The survey of nearby farmers was also carried out to find out the effect of waste water on their health, crops, animals. From the study it was observed that the concentration of the water quality parametrs is dicreases as the distance of the sample location form the sugar factory increses. The study showed high concentration value of potassium, oil and grease, chromium, COD and BOD therefore the water from the drain and well is not safe for irrigation purpose and well water in the study area is also not safe for driking purpose.The study also suggested some remedial mesures to enable the contaminated groundwater for agricultural and other purposes.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF FRESH ,GREY AND FILTERED GREV WATER THROUH DRIP IRRIGATION ON GRWOTH ATTRIBUTES OF SPINACH (SIPNACEA OLERACEA )(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2019-03-06) Miss. RUPNAR .S.S; Dr. S. T. Patil; Prof.Dr. U. S. Kadam, Dr. MANE .M.SABSTRACT EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF FRESH ,GREY AND FILTERED GREV WATER THROUH DRIP IRRIGATION ON GRWOTH ATTRIBUTES OF SPINACH (SIPNACEA OLERACEA ) By Ms. Rupnar Sandip kisan Regd. No. ENDPM 2016/114 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering , College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli 415712 Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Research Guide : Er. S. T. Patil Department : Department of Irrigation and Drainage EngineeringThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COST EFFECTIVE ENERGY FREE WATER LIFTING DEVICE(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2020-10-27) Mr. Lingavale Tejas Mangesh; Er. S. T. Patil; Prof.Dr. U. S. Kadam, Dr. P. M. IngleABSTRACT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COST EFFECTIVE ENERGY FREE WATER LIFTING DEVICE by Mr. Lingavale Tejas Mangesh Regd. No.: ENDPM 2018 / 141 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Project guide : Er. S. T. Patil Department : Irrigation and Drainage Engineering The present investigation entitled, “Design and Development of Cost Effective Energy Free Water Lifting Device” was carried out during 2018-20 at the Instructional Farm and in the Laboratory of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Indian agriculture is the monsoon dependent. Water is flowing nearby the fields or from roof top, but there is lack of gadgets and power to lift it at desired place. Farmers using some manually operated or animal drawn devices to draw the water from the river, channel or naturally impounded water to irrigate their fields in tribal and undeveloped areas. But they have lot of limitations. Therefore, efforts were made to develop the energy free water lifting device which will operate 24×7 with little head available. The designed device operates on the principle of water hammer to lift the part of flowing water. The main objective of the study was to provide cost effective energy free water lifting device, locally manufactured with locally available material to the society. Therefore, the 32 mm size device was constructed by using PVC pipes of 32 mm, NRV of 32 mm, control valve of 32 mm and disposable bottle of 2.25 liters which were fixed according to the schematic sketch. The hydraulic parameters and performance of the developed device was evaluated. 23Performance of the 32 mm size energy free water lifting device was worked out by taking 27 different combinations which consists of three supply heads, three diameters of delivery pipes and three diameters of supply pipes. It was found that maximum discharge rate of 2.40 lpm was found at 3 m delivery head with the 40/12 mm supply/delivery combination at 2.0 m supply head. At 1.5 m supply head, 50/12 supply/ delivery combination gives discharge of 2.07 lpm at 2.5 m delivery head. At 1.0 m supply head, 50/12 supply/delivery combination gives 1.67 lpm discharge at 2.0 m delivery head. The maximum efficiency was found 71.98% at also 3 m delivery head with the 50/12 mm supply/delivery combination at 2 m supply head. The maximum delivery head at supply head of 1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m were 3.3, 3.9 and 4.0 m respectively. It was observed that the supply and delivery pipe diameters of 50 mm, 40 mm and 12 mm, 16 mm respectively were found best amongst all the three combinations of supply pipe. From the study, it was revealed that as delivery head increases, delivery discharge gradually decreases. It was also observed that if the size of the supply pipe increases, discharge rates also increases. The cost of design of the energy free water lifting device was found to be Rs.1155. The designed and developed cost effective energy free water lifting device successfully fulfilled the requirements as per the objectives.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INLINE LATERALS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAPSICUM ALONG WITH THEIR HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE UNDER PROTECTIVE COVER(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2019-08) MS. WANKHADE SNEHAL SUDHIR; Dr. U. S. Kadam; Dr. M. S. Mane, Mahale.D.MABSTRACT EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INLINE LATERALS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAPSICUM ALONG WITH THEIR HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE UNDER PROTECTIVE COVER 20by Ms. Wankhade Snehal Sudhir Regd. No. ENDPM 2017/139 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. 2019 Research Guide : Prof. Dr. U. S. Kadam Department : Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering The present study entitled, “Effect of different inline laterals of drip irrigation systems on growth and yield of capsicum along with their hydraulic performance under protective cover” was carried out at the Instructional Farm of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. The experiment was conducted during year 2017-18 under protective cover (poly tunnel) and in open field to study the effect of different inline laterals of drip irrigation systems on growth and yield of capsicum along with their hydraulic performance. The study consist comparison of six inline laterals of three different makes available in the market with same specification. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with six inline laterals and six replications. The study concluded that the green capsicum shows positive response to different inline laterals under study under the protective cover (poly tunnel) over open field condition. The results revealed that the biometric parameters such as plant height, number of internodes and spread area (canopy) was found maximum in inline lateral CG001 and CN005 in open field and under protective cover. Whereas inline lateral CG001 was also found better in obtaining maximum number of branches and leaf size in open field as well under protective cover. The stem girth was found greater in case of CN005 in open field as well under protective cover, respectively. Inter-nodal distance and number of fruit was found maximum in inline lateral CJ004 in open field and under protective cover in CN005, respectively. The yield parameters such as average number of fruits, yield per plant and total yield were observed maximum in inline lateral CJ004 and CG001 in open field and under protective cover. The inline laterals CJ004, CG001 and CN005 were found significantly superior in terms of attaining maximum yield of capsicum i.e., 28.83 t.ha -1 , 28.74 t.ha -1 and 28.64 t.ha -1 in open field respectively. Whereas under protective cover the maximum average yield per ha was observed in 21CG001 treatment as 57.43 t.ha -1 , followed by CN005 (57.26 t.ha -1 ). The maximum water use efficiency 6.04 q.ha-1.cm -1 and 12.11 q.ha-1.cm -1 were found in CJ004 and CG001 treatment and in open field and under protective cover, respectively. The inline laterals were also tested for the hydraulic parameters such as average emission discharge (lph), variation of emission rate (lph), coefficient of manufacturing variation (Cv), emission uniformity (%), comparative pressure discharge relationship of different laterals under study and emitter exponent at the three operating pressure viz.1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg.cm -2 . At 1 kg.cm -2 the results revealed that the inline laterals CN005, CG001 and CJ002 gave more or less similar discharge as claimed by the manufacture. Minimum variation in emission rate i.e., 2.55 % was obtained in CG001 followed by CN005 (3.97%), while the maximum variation was observed in CG006 as 9.60 %. The maximum emission uniformity of 98.55 % was observed in CG001 treatment followed by 98.21 % in CN005 treatment. The discharge of all six inline laterals under study were influenced with the operating pressure, whereas there is slight increase in the discharge with increase in operating pressure from 1 kg.cm -2 to 2 kg.cm - 2 for inline laterals CG001 and CN005. The emitter exponent of the emitters was lowest as 0.422, while the highest emitter exponent of 0.610 was observed in case of CG006 and as per the standards all inline laterals under study were having fully turbulent flow except treatment CG006 which was having mostly turbulent flow. The maximum yield, maximum net returns and maximum benefit cost ratio were observed under protective cover in inline lateral CG001 and CN005 followed by CJ004 than in open field with the same inline lateral under study. Which indicated that the maximum yield was gained due to favorable climatic conditions under protective cover. However it is also due to maximum precision in manufacturing in inline laterals of CG001, CN005 and CJ004 considering their hydraulic parameters such as average emission discharge (lph), variation of emission rate (lph), coefficient of manufacturing variation (Cv), emission uniformity (%), comparative pressure discharge relationship of different laterals under study and emitter exponent. 22ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION LEVELS THROUGH DRIP IRRIGATION, COUPLED WITH MULCH, ON YIELD, GROWTH AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF GREEN CAPSICUM(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2019-03-03) MS. KARMARKAR SUMITA SHANKAR; Dr.U.S.Kadam; Dr. M. S. Mane, S. T. Patil; dilip MAHALEABSTRACT STUDIES ON DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION LEVELS THROUGH DRIP IRRIGATION, COUPLED WITH MULCH, ON YIELD, GROWTH AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF GREEN CAPSICUM by Ms. Karmarkar Sumita Shankar Regd. No. : ENDPM 2016 / 103 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Project guide : Prof. Dr. U. S. Kadam Department : Irrigation and Drainage Engineering The present investigation entitled, “Studies on different irrigation and fertigation levels through drip irrigation, coupled with mulch, on yield, growth and water use efficiency of green capsicum’’ was carried out at the Instructional Farm of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is commonly known as Capsicum, Shimla mirch, green pepper, cherry pepper or bell pepper and it belongs to Solanaceous group of vegetables. In India, capsicum is grown for its mature fruits and is widely used in stuffing and baking. It is also used in salad, noodles, soup, burger and pizza preparation. In Konkan region mainly mono cropping i.e., paddy during monsoon season is being adopted. On residual moisture immediately after monsoon some farmers are growing some vegetables on very meager area. Most of the vegetables are being supplied from the western Maharashtra. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce the green capsicum in the region to reduce the demand from western Maharashtra. Generally in India and particularly in Maharashtra state green capsicum/coloured capsicum are grown under protective cover. However to provide the protected cover again it involves the additional investment and technical skill. 20Therefore, it felt necessary to study on green capsicum in open field coupled with micro irrigation, fertigation levels and mulches. The green capsicum crop of Indus variety was used for experiment. The experiment involved eighteen treatment combinations. It was arranged in split plot design with three irrigation levels in the main plots and three fertigation levels and mulching in the sub plots. Irrigation levels includes I 1 (0.6 ETc), I 2 (0.8 ETc) and I 3 (1.0 ETc) and fertigation levels includes F 1 (80% of RDF through WSF), F 2 (100% of RDF through WSF) and F 3 (120% of RDF through WSF.). The treatment combination I 3 F 3 M 1 was found to be significantly superior in terms of attaining maximum yield of capsicum (27.64 t.ha -1 ). The best treatment combination I 3 F 3 M 1 had total water requirement of capsicum as 48.30 ha-cm under drip irrigation with silver mulch. The maximum water use efficiency (6.54 q.ha -1 .cm -1 ) was found in treatment combination I 2 F 2 M 1 . The maximum net income (Rs. 5, 04,113.99 /ha.) and B:C ratio (2.55) was found in treatment combination I 3 F 3 M 1 . The yield parameters such as number of fruits, average number of fruits, yield per plant and total yield were observed maximum in treatment combination I 3 F 3 M 1. The study indicated that full amount of required irrigation water, 20% extra fertilizer than RDF through drip coupled with mulch yielded more and gave maximum income and B:C ratio. 21ThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COST EFFECTIVE ENERGY FREE WATER LIFTING DEVICE(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH DAPOLI, 2020-10-27) MR. LINGAVALE TEJAS MANGESH; Er. Patil , S. T.; Prof. Dr.Kadam U. S., Ingle P. M.ABSTRACT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COST EFFECTIVE ENERGY FREE WATER LIFTING DEVICE by Mr. Lingavale Tejas Mangesh Regd. No.: ENDPM 2018 / 141 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli- 415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Project guide : Er. S. T. Patil Department : Irrigation and Drainage Engineering The present investigation entitled, “Design and Development of Cost Effective Energy Free Water Lifting Device” was carried out during 2018-20 at the Instructional Farm and in the Laboratory of Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Indian agriculture is the monsoon dependent. Water is flowing nearby the fields or from roof top, but there is lack of gadgets and power to lift it at desired place. Farmers using some manually operated or animal drawn devices to draw the water from the river, channel or naturally impounded water to irrigate their fields in tribal and undeveloped areas. But they have lot of limitations. Therefore, efforts were made to develop the energy free water lifting device which will operate 24×7 with little head available. The designed device operates on the principle of water hammer to lift the part of flowing water. The main objective of the study was to provide cost effective energy free water lifting device, locally manufactured with locally available material to the society. Therefore, the 32 mm size device was constructed by using PVC pipes of 32 mm, NRV of 32 mm, control valve of 32 mm and disposable bottle of 2.25 liters which were fixed according to the schematic sketch. The hydraulic parameters and performance of the developed device was evaluated. Performance of the 32 mm size energy free water lifting device was worked out by taking 27 different combinations which consists of three supply heads, three diameters of delivery pipes and three diameters of supply pipes. It was found that maximum discharge rate of 2.40 lpm was found at 3 m delivery head with the 40/12 mm supply/delivery combination at 2.0 m supply head. At 1.5 m supply head, 50/12 supply/ delivery combination gives discharge of 2.07 lpm at 2.5 m delivery head. At 1.0 m supply head, 50/12 supply/delivery combination gives 1.67 lpm discharge at 2.0 m delivery head. The maximum efficiency was found 71.98% at also 3 m delivery head with the 50/12 mm supply/delivery combination at 2 m supply head. The maximum delivery head at supply head of 1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m were 3.3, 3.9 and 4.0 m respectively. It was observed that the supply and delivery pipe diameters of 50 mm, 40 mm and 12 mm, 16 mm respectively were found best amongst all the three combinations of supply pipe. From the study, it was revealed that as delivery head increases, delivery discharge gradually decreases. It was also observed that if the size of the supply pipe increases, discharge rates also increases. The cost of design of the energy free water lifting device was found to be Rs.1155. The designed and developed cost effective energy free water lifting device successfully fulfilled the requirements as per the objectives.
