Loading...
Thesis
Browse
49 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KOKUM (Garcinia indica Choisy)(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2022) MAHESH SAKHARAM SHEDGE; P. M. Haldankar; Ahammed Shabeer T.P.; C. D. Pawar; V. V. Dalvi; M.C. KastureThe present investigation entitled “Characterization and phytochemical analysis of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)” was carried out at college of Horticulture, Dapoli. Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during the year 2020-21 and 2021- 2022. The objective of investigation were variability study with regards to flowering pattern, fruit characters, physio-chemical parameters and phytochemical analysis of kokum accessions.. For the present study, thirty-two kokum trees of full bearing stage (ten trees from each district and two released varieties viz., Kokan Amruta and Kokan Hatis) were selected randomly from three districts viz; Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri and Raigad of the Konkan region of Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirty two treatments viz. T1(Accession 1) to T32(Accession 32) with single tree per replication. Statistical data analysis of biochemical and phytochemical was done using a statistical software package, Statistical Analysis System (SAS JMP) ver.16. The Turkey Kramer HSD at p ≤ 0.05 was used to assess significant differences between treatment groups. All experiments were replicated three times for each one of them. The principal component analysis (PCA), clustering and heat map was done using Metaboanalyst 5.0. The result of present study indicated that the flower bud initiation was started from October first week and flowering start from November first week to December third week. The kokum accessions namely T6, T7, T16 and T21 were started earlier flowering in both the years as compared to other accessions. Further, the early harvesting was started from the first week of March in accession 7, 15, 16 and 21 during the both year of study. While studying flowering parameters, all the parameters were significantly varied i.e., flower length, flower breadth, pedicel length, number of staminodes, number of pistil lobes, pistil length and pistil breadth among the thirty two kokum accessions under study. The accessions T22 showed significantly the highest value for most of the parameters except pedicel length and number of staminodes. With regards to physical parameters of the kokum fruit viz., fruit weight(86.08g), fruit diameter(6.07cm), fruit circumference(19.48cm), fruit volume(84.53ml), rind weight(41.43g), pulp/seed weight(44.25g), fresh seed weight(9.93g), dry seed weight (4.29g), kernel weight(2.69g) were highest in T22 accessions. However the accession T24 showed significantly the highest fruit length (4.59cm) and fruit set percentage (68.71%) and it was at par with T7(68.60%) and T16(68.39%). Further the rind thickness was recorded highest (0.51cm) in T1 accession. The accession T26 had the highest total number of seed and number of filled seed 8.17 and 7.06 respectively. However the number of unfilled seed was the highest in T6(3.22) and lowest in T27(0.00). The number of fruit per kilogram is important factor for accessing yield. It was lowest in T19(40.43), which indicates the lowest fruit weight in T19. However the lowest number of fruit per kilogram was recorded in T22(11.62). One of the important characters as far as yield per tree is concerned; it was significantly the highest in accession T22(255.00kg). Shelf life was also the highest (7.58 days) in T22 and T24 accessions. It was at par with T7(7.50 days) accession. The specific gravity was found non- significant. Chemical parameters were significantly the highest value noticed in various accessions. The T7 accession was showed highest T.S.S.(14.42oBrix), total sugars(10.16%), reducing sugars(5.09%), however moisture content(88.08%) in T22, acidity (4.44%) in T9 and T26. Further, non- reducing sugars (5.20%), ascorbic acid (9.62mg/100g) and fat content(62.12%) was significantly highest in T19, T25, and T14, respectively. With respect to phytochemical analysis, total phenolics contents (TPC), and anthocyanin content were found significantly highest in T7(39.453±0.722 mgg-1) and (4875.703±99.428 mg L-1) respectively. Further, kokum accession T7 showed significantly highest antioxidant potential (249.94 ± 0.611μM TE) and (323.03±1.833 μM TE) by DPPH and CUPRAC assay activity. However, highest total flavonoids contents (TFC) in T20(63.633±1.102 mg g-1 ). Anthocyanin profiling through MS/Ms mass spectra analysis, total 42 anthocyanin compounds were identified in kokum rind anthocyanin with four major groups viz., cyanidins, peonidins, delphinidins and pelargonidins. The most prominent anthocyanin pigmement was cyanidin 3-sambubioside and other was in less relative concentration. With regards to hydroxy citric acid (HCA) and garcinol content was highest in T25(35.27 %) and T27 (1.065±0.003 %) kokum accession respectively. The highest saturated fatty acid in T17(47.74%), mono unsaturated fatty acids content in T16 (91.84%) and poly unsaturated fatty acid in (T18 (29.11%). The proportions of PUFAs, MUFAs and SFAs in kokum kernel powder of 32 kokum accessions were 6.18%, 76.56% and 17.29% respectively. Also the released variety „Kokan Amruta‟ was found high HCA content. The Diveagar accessions were promising character in most of the horticultural and phytochemical traitsThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF MEDIA AND BAG SIZE FOR REBAGGING JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus), JAMUN (Syzygium cumunni) AND KARONDA (Carrisa carandas) GRAFTS UNDER KONKAN AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023-11-08) MORE VEDIKA VIJENDRAThe present investigation entitled “Standardization of media and bag size for rebagging Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Jamun (Syzygium cumunni) and Karonda (Carrisa carandas) grafts under Konkan Agroclimatic conditions” was carried out at college of Horticulture, Dapoli. Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The objectives of studies were to find out the effect of potting media and to standardize bag size on sprouting, survival and growth of Jackfruit, Jamun and Karonda grafts. The whole investigation was conducted through three experiments. The first experiment was “Standardization of media and bag size for rebagging of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) grafts under Konkan Agroclimatic conditions” laid out in Randomized Block Design. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments i.e., T1- Bag size 6″×8″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1)– (Absolute Control), T2- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1), T3 - Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), T4- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (1:1), T5- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost+ Rice husk (1:1:1), T6- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + FYM+ Rice husk (1:1:1), T7- Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1), T8- Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), T9 -Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (1:1), T10 - Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost+ Rice husk (1:1:1) and T11 -Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + FYM+ Rice husk (1:1:1) which were replicated thrice. The significantly highest height of jackfruit grafts (110.94 cm), girth above graft union (12.88 mm), maximum number of leaves (41.71), number of shoots (5.32), number of nodes (12.53), fastest absolute growth rate (0.329 cm/day), relative growth rate (0.0215 cm/cm/day), maximum fresh weight of grafts (165.67 g), highest number of adventitious roots (101.88), dry weight of root (35.06 g), significantly maximum rate of photosynthesis (5.31 μmol CO2 m-2 sec-1), rate of transpiration (3.87 μmol H2O m-2 sec-1) was recorded in treatment T8. Whereas, the longest length of root (45.97 cm) was recorded in T11. The highest net return (Rs. 86562.30), B:C ratio (4.67) was registered in treatment T6. The second experiment was “Standardization of media and bag size for rebagging Jamun (Syzygium cumunni) grafts under Konkan Agroclimatic conditions”. It consisted of eleven treatments viz., T1- Bag size 6″×8″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1)– (Absolute Control), T2- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1), T3 - Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), T4- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (1:1), T5- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost+ Rice husk (1:1:1), T6- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + FYM+ Rice husk (1:1:1), T7- Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1), T8- Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), T9 -Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (1:1), T10 - Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost+ Rice husk (1:1:1) and T11 -Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + FYM+ Rice husk (1:1:1), and was laid out in randomized block design. All treatments replicated three times. The significantly maximum plant height (117.85 cm), girth above union (10.87 mm), maximum number of leaves (43.03), number of shoots (7.44), number of nodes (11.08) was recorded in T11. The fastest absolute growth rate (0.458 cm/day), relative growth rate (0.0240 cm/cm/day) was found in T10. The maximum fresh weight of grafts (171.91 g), longest length of root (50.91 cm), highest number of adventitious roots (92.82), dry weight of root (35.02 g), maximum rate of photosynthesis (7.12 μmol CO2 m-2 sec-1) and rate of transpiration (4.33 μmol H2O m-2 sec-1) was recorded in treatment T11. The highest net return (Rs. 86462.30) and B:C ratio (4.67) was seen in T6. The third experiment was “Standardization of media and bag size for rebagging Karonda (Carrisa carandas) grafts under Konkan Agroclimatic conditions” consisted of eleven treatments viz. T1- Bag size 6″×8″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1)– (Absolute Control), T2- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1), T3 - Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), T4- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (1:1), T5- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + Vermicompost+ Rice husk (1:1:1), T6- Bag size 8″×10″ with media Soil + FYM+ Rice husk (1:1:1), T7- Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + FYM (3:1), T8- Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (2:1), T9 -Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost (1:1), T10 - Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + Vermicompost+ Rice husk (1:1:1) and T11 -Bag size 10″×14″ with media Soil + FYM+ Rice husk (1:1:1). The experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications. The significantly highest plant height (49.04 cm), girth above union (6.36 mm), maximum number of leaves (49.88), number of shoots (7.03), number of nodes (6.25) was recorded in T11. The fastest absolute growth rate (0.0650 cm/day), relative growth rate (0.0099 cm/cm/day) was found in T5. The maximum fresh weight of grafts (76.67 g), longest length of root (38.73 cm), highest number of adventitious roots (27.67), dry weight of root (10.78 g), maximum rate of photosynthesis (5.25 μmol CO2 m-2 sec-1), rate of transpiration (3.23 μmol H2O m-2 sec-1) was recorded in treatment T11. The treatment T6 had the highest net profit (Rs/-86462.30) and B:C ratio (4.67). It was concluded that for production of vigorous jackfruit grafts rebagging in bag size 10″×14″ with media containing soil along with vermicompost (2:1). Similarly. it is also proved that the size of polybag 10″×14″ with medium containing Soil, FYM and Rice husk in 1:1:1 proportion is best for survival and growth of jamun and karonda grafts under Konkan agro-climatic conditionsThesisItem Open Access Characterization and phytochemical analysis of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-05-20) Shedge, M.S.; Haldankar, P. M.The present investigation entitled “Characterization and phytochemical analysis of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)” was carried out at college of Horticulture, Dapoli. Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during the year 2020-21 and 2021- 2022. The objective of investigation were variability study with regards to flowering pattern, fruit characters, physio-chemical parameters and phytochemical analysis of kokum accessions.. For the present study, thirty-two kokum trees of full bearing stage (ten trees from each district and two released varieties viz., Kokan Amruta and Kokan Hatis) were selected randomly from three districts viz; Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri and Raigad of the Konkan region of Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirty two treatments viz. T1(Accession 1) to T32(Accession 32) with single tree per replication. Statistical data analysis of biochemical and phytochemical was done using a statistical software package, Statistical Analysis System (SAS JMP) ver.16. The Turkey Kramer HSD at p 0.05 was used to assess significant differences between treatment groups. All experiments were replicated three times for each one of them. The principal component analysis (PCA), clustering and heat map was done using Metaboanalyst 5.0. The result of p resent study indicated that t he flower bud initiation was started from October first week and flowering start from November first week to December third week. The kokum accessions namely T6, T7, T16 and T21 were started earlier flowering in both the years as compared to other accessions. Further, the early harvesting was started from the first week of March in accession 7, 15, 16 and 21 during the both year of study. While studying flowering parameters, all the parameters were significantly varied i.e., flower length, flower breadth, pedicel length, number of staminodes, number of pistil lobes, pistil length and pistil breadth among the thirty two kokum accessions under study. The accessions T22 showed significantly the highest value for most of the parameters except pedicel length and number of staminodes. With regards to physical parameters of the kokum fruit viz., fruit weight(86.08g), fruit diameter(6.07cm), fruit circumference(19.48cm), fruit volume(84.53ml), rind weight(41.43g), pulp/seed weight(44.25g), fresh seed weight(9.93g), dry seed weight (4.29g), kernel weight(2.69g) were highest in T22 accessions. However the accession T24 showed significantly the highest fruit length (4.59cm) and fruit set percentage (68.71%) and it was at par with T7(68.60%) and T16(68.39%). Further the rind thickness was recorded highest (0.51cm) in T1 accession. The accession T26 had the highest total number of seed and number of filled seed 8.17 and 7.06 respectively. However the number of unfilled seed was the highest in T6(3.22) and lowest in T27(0.00). The number of fruit per kilogram is important factor for accessing yield. It was lowest in T19(40.43), which indicates the lowest fruit weight in T19. However the lowest number of fruit per kilogram was recorded in T22(11.62). One of the important characters as far as yield per tree is concerned; it was significantly the highest in accession T22(255.00kg). Shelf life was also the highest (7.58 days) in T22 and T24 accessions. It was at par with T7(7.50 days) accession. The specific gravity was found non- significant. Chemical parameters were significantly the highest value noticed in various accessions. The T7 accession was showed highest T.S.S.(14.42oBrix), total sugars(10.16%), reducing sugars(5.09%), however moisture content(88.08%) in T22, acidity (4.44%) in T9 and T26. Further, non- reducing sugars (5.20%), ascorbic acid (9.62mg/100g) and fat content(62.12%) was significantly highest in T19, T25, and T14, respectively. With respect to phytochemical analysis, total phenolics contents (TPC), and anthocyanin content were found significantly highest in T7(39.453±0.722 mgg-1) and (4875.703±99.428 mg L-1) respectively. Further, kokum accession T7 showed significantly highest antioxidant potential (249.94 ± 0.611μM TE) and (323.03±1.833 μM TE) by DPPH and CUPRAC assay activity. However, highest total flavonoids contents (TFC) in T20(63.633±1.102 mg g-1 ). Anthocyanin profiling through MS/Ms mass spectra analysis, total 42 anthocyanin compounds were identified in kokum rind anthocyanin with four major groups viz., cyanidins, peonidins, delphinidins and pelargonidins. The most prominent anthocyanin pigmement was cyanidin 3-sambubioside and other was in less relative concentration. With regards to hydroxy citric acid (HCA) and garcinol content was highest in T25(35.27 %) and T27 (1.065±0.003 %) kokum accession respectively. The highest saturated fatty acid in T17(47.74%), mono unsaturated fatty acids content in T16 (91.84%) and poly unsaturated fatty acid in (T18 (29.11%). The proportions of PUFAs, MUFAs and SFAs in kokum kernel powder of 32 kokum accessions were 6.18%, 76.56% and 17.29% respectively. Also the released variety „Kokan Amruta‟ was found high HCA content. The Diveagar accessions were promising character in most of the horticultural and phytochemical traits.ThesisItem Open Access Quality analysis of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-01) Doiphode, Sonali Vitthal; Kulkarni, M.M.The present investigation entitled “Quality analysis of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)” was undertaken at College of Horticulture, Dr. B. S. K. K. V., Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2019-2020. The experiment was executed in randomized block design with eleven treatments and three replications. Under study of characterization and quality evaluation, the carambola genotypes showed variation in the flowering characters, fruit characters, seed characters, yield parameters, storage study, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation of fruit. The maximum genotypes of carambola showed flowering in 2nd and 3rd week of September. Average duration of flowering was 23.90 days, days required to fruit set from the flowering was ranged from 11 to 18.78 days. Days required for maturity of fruit was ranged from 62.78 to 71.89 days. Initial fruit set (%) and fruit drop (%) was ranged from 31.41 to 59.75 and 79.63 to 91.88, respectively. The corolla color of carambola flower was moderate reddish-purple D-N79 and the color of pistil and stamen was yellowish white and yellowish respectively. The length of panicle was ranged from 3.17 to 5.56 cm also the width of panicle was 2.07 to 3.03 cm. Fruit colour of different genotypes observed as vivid yellow and brilliant orange while the average ridge numbers of fruit were ranged from 5.33 to 5.78. The length of carambola fruit was ranged from 6.26 to 12.18 cm, fruit breadth 3.41 to 7.02 cm, circumference 12.27 to 22.30 cm, fruit weight 67.66 to 99.00 g, volume 58.61 to 82.59 ml and 1.09 to 1.26 Specific gravity. The pulp (%) and juice (%) of fruit were recorded variations ranged from 83.02 to 91.57 and 63.89 to 75.18 respectively. The seeds of carambola were moderate brown in color while, the average number of seeds and fresh weight of seeds per fruit were 3.93 g and 0.21 g respectively. Under evaluation studies it could be concluded that the number of fruits per genotype was ranged from 211 to 509, average weight of fruits was ranged from 67.66 to 99.00 g and yield (kg) of different genotypes were16.24 to 43.12 kg/genotype. The ripe fruits of carambola were showed 5.72 to 7.49 total soluble solid (°Brix), 3.12 to 4.98 reducing sugar (%), 3.87 to 6.13 non-reducing sugar (%) and 7.23 to 11.11 total sugar (%). The moisture (%) of carambola fruit was ranged from 88.41 to 90.37, pH contains 2.12 to 3.27, acidity (%) 0.71 to 1.12 and ascorbic acid was ranged from 18.48 to 31.91 mg/100gm. In sensory evaluation the overall acceptability score of fruits was ranged from 6.17 to 7.33. Among the selected genotypes, genotype C24 showed highest length of fruit (12.18 cm), breadth of fruit (7.02 cm), circumference of fruit (22.30 cm), weight of fruit (99.00 g), volume (82.07 ml), juice recovery (75.18 %), ascorbic acid (31.47 mg/100g) also showed maximum duration of flowering (39 days) and minimum days for fruit set (11 days) followed by C33 (11.11) and C34 (11.56). Genotype C34 showed pulp recovery (91.57 %) followed by C15 (89.68) and C24 (87.58) and lowest physiological loss in weight (%) of fruit which was 9.67 % at 7th day of storage. (More shelf life) Highest TSS (°Brix) content was recorded in genotype C10 (7.49) followed by genotype C18 (7.21) and C32 (7.10). Genotype C32 showed highest reducing sugar (4.98 %), non-reducing sugar (6.13 %) and total sugar (11.11 %). In yield parameters, genotype C33 (43.12 kg) showed better yield followed by genotype C32 (40.74 kg) and C34 (39.19 kg). The organoleptic score for overall acceptability was highest in genotype C24 (7.33) followed by genotype C34 (7.25) and C18 (7.22). Genotype C33 scored best in color of fruit followed by genotype C34 and C24. In case of flavor and texture, genotype C24 scored best followed by genotype C18 and C34, respectively. Hence genotypes C34, C24, C18, C32 and C33 could be rated as most promising genotypes and can be further used for cultivation, conventional breeding as well as improvement through modern techniques of plant breeding.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different potting mixture and rootstock on survival and growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) grafts cv. Alphonso(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-01) Ms. Golvankar, Chaitralee Gurunath; Kulkarni, M.M.The present investigation entitled “Effect of different potting mixture and rootstock on survival and growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) grafts cv. Alphonso” was conducted at nursery No. 10, College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2019. Experiments were executed in randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications in stone grafting and softwood grafting, whereas with four treatments and five replications in rootstock experiment. The seven treatments of stone grafting and softwood grafting was Soil + FYM (3:1), Soil + SSP + Rice husk + Organic mill (55:15:15:15), Soil + Cocopeat (1:1), Cocopeat + Compost (1:1), Cocopeat + Leaf manure (1:1), Cocopeat + Leaf manure + Compost (1:1:1) and Cocopeat + Leaf manure + Compost (1:1:2). The four treatments of rootstock experiment consist of Seedling grown from seeds from processing unit in polybag and then stone grafted, Seedling grown from seeds from processing unit on nursery bed and then stone grafted and transferred in poly bag, Seedling grown from seeds from local mango in polybag and then stone grafted, Seedling grown from seeds from local mango on nursery bed and then stone grafted and transferred in poly bag. Inthis experiments sprouting, survival and morphological attributes was observed periodically. The sprouting, survival, morphological parameters such as plant height (cm), girth of graft (mm), number of shoots, number of nodes, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), absolute growth rate on height basis (cm/day), relative growth rate on height basis (cm/cm/day), root length (cm) and dry weight of root (g) were significantly influenced by different potting media and source of rootstock. In stone grafting, the highest sprouting percentage (98.00%) and survival percentage (64.00%) was observed in T3 i.e. soil + cocopeat (1:1). The treatment T3 i.e. soil + cocopeat (1:1) was recorded significant increase in plant height (92.08%), increase in girth of grafts (13.06%), number of nodes (1.57), number of leaves (20.47), average relative growth rate (0.0036 cm/cm/day) and dry weight of root (7.34 g). Maximum leaf area (527.22 cm2) was recorded in T6 i.e. cocopeat + leaf manure + compost (1:1:1) whereas the highest number of shoot (1.23), root length (34.45 cm) and average absolute growth rate (0.1276 cm/day) was obtained in treatment T5 i.e. cocopeat + leaf manure (1:1). In stone grafting, T7 i.e. cocopeat + leaf manure + compost (1:1:2) was at par with T3 soil + cocopeat (1:1). Highest B:C ratio (1.66) recorded in T7 i.e. cocopeat + leaf manure + compost (1:1:2) with net profit (Rs. 2203.83/-). In softwood grafting, the maximum sprouting percentage was recorded in T3 (97.33%) i.e. soil + cocopeat (1:1) whereas the maximum survival percentage in T7 (78.67%) i.e. cocopeat + leaf manure + compost (1:1:2). The treatment T7 i.e. cocopeat + leaf manure + compost (1:1:2) recorded highest percent increase in height (72.57%), highest percent increase in girth of graft (18.36%), maximum number of nodes (1.73), maximum number of shoots (1.47), maximum number of leaves (19.33), highest leaf area (523.40 cm2), highest average relative growth rate (0.0030 cm/cm/day) and maximum dry weight of root (8.32 g) whereas maximum average absolute growth rate (0.0583cm/day) and highest root length (20.77 cm) was found in treatment T3 i.e. soil + cocopeat (1:1). Highest B:C ratio (1.84) recorded in T7 i.e. cocopeat +leaf manure + compost (1:1:2) with net profit (Rs. 3226.1/-). In rootstock experiment, the highest sprouting percentage (96.80%) was obtained in T1 i.e. Seedling grown from seeds from processing unit in polybag and then stone grafted and maximum survival percentage (58.00%) was obtained in T3 i.e. Seedling grown from seeds from local mango in polybag and then stone grafted. Highest percent increase in plant height (74.38%), number of nodes (1.52), number of shoots (1.36), number of leaves (17.38), leaf area (470.07 cm2), maximum average absolute growth rate (0.0606 cm/day), highest average relative growth rate (0.0031 cm/cm/day), highest root length (33.64 cm) and dry weight of root (4.83 g) was found in treatment T3 i.e. Seedling grown from seeds from local mango in polybag and then stone grafted whereas highest percent increase in girth of graft (14.22%) was recorded in treatment T1 i.e. Seedling grown from seeds from processing unit in polybag and then stone grafted. Highest B:C ratio (1.69) recorded in T3 i.e. Seedling grown from seeds from local mango in polybag and then stone grafted with net profit (Rs. 3516.9/-). From the above investigation, it is concluded that potting mixture as well as source of rootstock had significant effect on sprouting, survival and growth of mango grafts. The media containing cocopeat along with compost and leaf manure was the ideal soilless media whereas treatment of seedling grown from seeds from local mango in polybag and then stone grafted was the best source of rootstock for nursery for raising mango grafts.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of effect of different drying methods on carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-03-02) Yalmar, Akshay Pandurang; Kulkarni, M.M.An investigation entitled “Evaluation of effect of different drying methods on carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)” was undertaken during the period March 2022 to October 2022 at Post Harvest Technology Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Dr B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli, District- Ratnagiri (M.S.) The experiment was carried out in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with three replications with three main treatments of osmotic agents and three sub-treatments of different drying methods. Osmotic agents were used are sugar syrup 70°Brix, honey and powdered sugar. After osmosis, the slices were air dried in different dryers in solar dryer, in cabinet dryer at 60°C, and in open sun for drying and the product was analysed for chemical composition and sensory qualities at an interval of 60 days up to a storage period of 180 days at ambientconditions. As per the results of present studies, it can be concluded that the osmoticdehydrated carambola slices can be stored 180 days at ambient condition. When packed in 400gauge polyethylene (LDPE) bags. The osmodehydrated carambola slices prepared by using S2D3(Honey dipping with sun drying) found to be best combination, recorded highest score for overall acceptability and maximum gross return, net profit and B:C ratio and would be recommended for the preparation of osmodehydrated carambola sliceswere most acceptable based on the sensory qualitiesof the product.ThesisItem Open Access Preparation of carambola (averrhoa carambola l.) wine(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-24) Suryagan, Vasudha Vijay; Kulkarni, M.M.The present investigation “Preparation of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) wine” was conducted at Fruit Science laboratory and Fruit processing unit of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dapoli and Fruit Beverage Research Centre of Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri. For present study the juice was extracted using carambola fruits. From this juice, must was prepared by adjusting different levels of T.S.S (12 0Brix, 16 0Brix,20 0Brix,24 0Brix) and pH (3.0, 3.5, 4.0) and analyzed for chemical attributes. The prepared carambola must was used for preparation of wine by fermenting with yeast culture. During fermentation the T.S.S. and yeast count found to be decreased till the end of the fermentation. The pH of the must found to be increase in the middle of fermentation but later on showed decreasing trend at the end of fermentation. The prepared wine was analyzed for chemical composition and sensory characteristics. From the sensory study it was observed that interaction T5P2 with T.S.S adjusted to 24 0Brix and pH adjusted to 3.5 and also the highest B:C recorded by this interaction. Hence it is found to be best for preparation of carambola wine. From chemical analysis it was observed that lowest T.S.S. content recorded by interactions T1P2 and T1P3 which is at par with T1P1. Reducing sugars and total sugars were not traceable in first 12 interactions and traceable in remaining (T5P1, T5P2, T5P3) interactions. Highest acidity and ascorbic acid content recorded by interaction T1P1 and lowest pH recorded by interaction T2P1 while highest alcohol content recorded by interaction T5P3.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on preparation of blended jam of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Mango (Mangifera indica L.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-14) Jadhav, Manalee Vinayak; Damodhar, V. P.An investigation entitled “Studies on preparation of blended jam of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Mango (Mangifera indica L.)” was undertaken at Post Harvest Technology Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli, during the year 2022 in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the aim to standardize proportions of carambola and mango pulp for making mixed fruit jam and to study shelf life of blended jam. There were six treatments (blending proportions of carambola and mango pulp), T1 (100% carambola pulp), T2 (90% carambola pulp + 10% mango pulp), T3 (80% carambola pulp + 20% mango pulp), T4 (70% carambola pulp + 30% mango pulp), T5 (60% carambola pulp + 40% mango pulp), T6 (50% carambola pulp + 50% mango pulp). Study revealed that blended jam of carambola and mango exhibited significant variation with respect to the chemical parameters such as titratable acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, protein, ash, carbohydrate, vitamin C. The parameters like TSS, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, carbohydrate and texture were increased during six months of storage periods. The other parameters protein, vitamin C, fat, fibre, moisture, colour, flavour and overall acceptability were decreased during storage and ash content was remain same. Sensory qualities, colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability showed a significant variation during storage period of 6 months. The texture of jam was increased during six months of storage. Colour, flavour and overall acceptability were decreased during storage. Microbial growth was not observed in any treatment during storage study of jam. Benefit: cost ratio of jam were in range of 1.15 (T6) to 2.11(T2). Jam prepared by using 90% carambola pulp and 10% mango pulp (T2) recorded the best organoleptic qualities and can be stored for 6 months without any microbial spoilage with benefit :cost ratio 2:11ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of stage of harvesting of tender jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) for vegetable purpose(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-20) Pawar, Laxmi Suresh; Shinde, V. V.Jackfruit is popular among which can be used at any stage from blooming to ripening. Physical parameters like weight of fruit (g), volume of fruit. (ml), specific gravity (w/v), fruit length (mm), fruit diameter (mm), weight of edible portion (g), weight of non-edible portion(g), rind thickness (mm), spine density, recovery percentage (%) were studied with objectives to study physical properties of tender jackfruit at various stages of harvesting by using a nine treatments i.e. different stages of harvestingT1 (4 WAFS), T2 (6 WAFS), T3 (8 WAFS), T4 (10 WAFS), T5 (12 WAFSv), T6 (14 WAFS), T7 (16 WAFS), T8 (18 WAFS) and T9 (20 WAFS) and three replications in randomized block design. Fruit weight, volume, length, diameter and Fruit rind thickness steadily increased from T1 (4 WAFS) to T9 (20 WAFS. Highest specific gravity observed in treatment T1 (1.14) i.e. 4 WAFS whereas, Lowest specific gravity was recorded in treatment in T3 i.e. (8 WAFS), T4 i.e. (10 WAFS) and T8 i.e. (18 WAFS) (1.02). The maximum weight of edible portion (3244.40 g) and non-edible portion (4628.95 g) was found at treatment T9 i.e. 20 WAFS. Whereas minimum weight of edible portion 817.45 g and non-edible portion 361.92 g was found at treatment T1 i.e. 4 WAFS. ). It has a increasing pattern as maturity goes up to 20 WAFS. It was observed that the tender jackfruit at earlier stage T1 i.e. 4 WAFS (69.33 %) has higher recovery percentage than the later stage T9 i.e. 20 WAFS (40.39 %). Spine density gradually decreased from 345.33 at T1 (4 WAFS) to 59.0 at T9 ( 20 DAFS).
