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ThesisItem Open Access SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FRESH FISH RETAILERS OF MORMUGAO, SOUTH GOA(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, 2019-11) Chavan, Shweta Mahesh; YADAV, B. M.The study was carried out with objective to study the socio-economic status of fresh fish retailers of Mormugao Taluka, South Goa. Data was obtained from 74 retailers selected through random sampling. Most of the retailers (31.08%) were in the age group 42-50 years. Very few (17.57%) of the retailers had secondary level of education and majority (75.67%) of the fresh fish retailers were illiterate; most of the fresh fish retailers belonged to the Hindu religion (66.22%), followed by Christian (32.43%) and Muslim (1.35%). Most of the fish retailers families lived in semi-pucca houses (78.37%), followed by pucca houses (17.58%) while very few lived in apartment (4.05%) and maximum fish retailers lived in their own house 71.62%. Most (29.73%) of the fresh fish retailers had 3 rooms followed by two rooms (25.67%). About 20.27% retailers had 1 room, 17.57% had four rooms and very few had 5 rooms (6.76%). The social participation of fresh fish retailers was observed to be very poor. Quantity of fish sold by retailers per day was 5.85 kg with average purchase price was ₹155/- per kg and selling price was ₹197/- per kg. Average market margin was 41.71 per kg for all fish varieties. Health status showed that retailers suffered from back pain, joint problems, blood pressure, obesity, stomach gas problems, headache, diabetes and asthma. Major constraints faced by retailers were spoilage during storage, high transportation cost, no proper facility for disposal of waste, no proper sanitary facility and unclean surrounding area. Keywords: Socio-economic status, fresh fish retailers, Mormugoa, constraints, family budget.ThesisItem Open Access Hydrobiological characteristics of Tarali reservoir Satara District, Maharashtra(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2015-08) KAREWAD, ANIL SHIVAJIRAO; KULKARNI, G. N.The present work was undertaken to understand the seasonal fluctuations in the hydrobiological parameters of the Tarali reservoir, from March 2014 to February 2015, so that the baseline information would help in augmenting the fish production from this new reservoir.The representative samples of water and plankton were collected from the selected locations. The atmospheric temperature varied from of 26.1 to 27.6 0C. Temperature of the surface water ranged from 27.0 to 28.4ᵒC. The transparency was observed to range from 100 to 155 cm Secchi depths. The seasonal variation of total suspended solids ranged from 21 to 56 mg L-1 . The pH fluctuated from 6.5 to 7.7. The total alkalinity of the surface water varied from 75.8 to 146.2 mg L-1 . The total hardness showed narrow variation from 20.60 to 30.99 mg L-1 . The dissolved oxygen fluctuated from 4.0 to 6.4 mg L-1 at different stations of Tarali reservoir. The nitrate value at selected stations varied from 0.36 to 0.68 mg L-1while nitrite ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg L-1 . The phosphate content of surface water varied from 0.22 to 0.56 mg L-1 during the present study. The silicate concentration varied from 0.42 to 0.78 mg L-1 during the study period. The phytoplankton and zooplankton was assessed from five selected stations. From the T1 to T5 stations phytoplankton density varied in the range of 934.8 to 1309.6, 901.8 to 1106.4, 841.9 to 1274.6, 821.0 to 1404.6 and 868.4 to 1197.4 no L -1 , respectively. From these five stations Chlorophyceae dominated over the groups Bacillariophyceae. The phytoplankton group mainly consisted of species belonging to Closterium spp, Staurastrum spp, Arthrodesmu spp, Scenedesmus spp, Spirogyra spp, Pediastrum spp and Gyrosigma spp. The zooplankton density varied from T1 to T5 in the range of 477.2 to 866.1, 310.6 to 783.2, 565.2 to 844.0, 502.7 to 921.2 and 535.2 to 781.2 noL-1 , respectively. In these five stations, zooplankton comprised mainly of rotifers and copepod, the former being the predominant. The zooplankton group mainly consisted of species belonging to Eucyclops spp, Brachionus spp and Keratella sppThesisItem Open Access CAPACITY UTILIZATION OF SEAFOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN KONKAN REGION OF MAHARASHTRA (Accession No. T06673)(dbskkv., Dapoli, 2019) Gajbhiye, Ajinkya Vasudeo; Shirdhankar, M. M.The study was undertaken to examine the capacity utilization of seafood processing industry and constraints faced by industry in Konkan region of Maharashtra. Information was collected by using interview schedule from 21 seafood processing plants out of 24 functional plants in Konkan region of Maharashtra. All processing plants were well equipped with various kinds of freezers and cold storage. Altogether 5028 employees were observed in processing plant of which 4771 were labours and 257 were technical staff. The total annual installed capacity of processing plants was 541149, 444780 and 403832 tonnes for 365, 300 and 260 working days respectively. The total seafood production during 2016-17 of all the 21 processing plants was 75,819.67 tonnes. The estimated utilization capacity was 14.01, 17.04 and 19.67% with a considering of 365, 300 and 260 working days respectively. The maximum utilization was observed in the month of October (11767.93 tonnes) with a percentage value of 31.70%, while maximum utilization was observed in winter season (36819 tonnes) with percentage value of 24.32%. The major constraint faced by the processing plant was non-availability of raw material and non-availability of labours. The seafood processing plants seems to be under utilization due to non-availability of raw material. The least percentage utilization observed was 1.94%. if this situation persist for longer period, this may lead to closes of industry and subsequently loss of employment.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ON FROZEN STORED INDIAN MACKEREL, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)(Dr. B. S. KKV., Dapoli, 2017-05) GUND, DIPALI POPAT; Sharangdhar, S. T.ABSTRACT In present study effect of chitosan coating on frozen mackerel was studied. Simultaneously fresh mackerel were studied, for their physical, biochemical and microbiological quality and from overall result, it is observed that fresh mackerel were having all good quality attributes. From microbiological evaluation it was observed that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus and Salmonella sp. were absent in fresh fish. For further study, fresh mackerels were degutted and washed with 2 ppm chlorine water. Three different strengths chitosan solutions were prepared in 1% acetic acid. Fishes were dipped in different chitosan solutions (Chitosan (w/v) 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) for two minute and drained for 2 minutes for removal of extra solution. Chitosan coated and uncoated fishes were packed in HDPE bags and frozen at - 40ºC in plate freezer. Frozen samples were stored at -18ºC for 3 months. Coated and uncoated frozen stored fish samples then studied fortnightly for evaluation of biochemical (TMA-N, PV, FFA and TVBN) changes, drip loss and weight loss. All biochemical parameters increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased storage period. Chitosan coated samples has shown significant difference (p < 0.05) in quality parameters than that of uncoated samples. On an average C3 samples has shown good preservative effect than that C2 and C2 treatment. In this study, it was revealed that, use of chitosan had positive effect on quality of frozen stored Indian mackerel.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF FINFISH SEED AND ITS SEASONAL VARIATION ALONG THE KASARVELI ESTUARY OF RATNAGIRI COAST OF MAHARASHTRA(DBSKKV DAPOLI, 2017-05-11) BALKATE, JAYESH JAGANNATH; NAIK, S. D.Present study has worked on the finfish seed identification and its seasonal variation pattern in the Kasarveli estuary. Monthwise sampling was carried during March, 2016 to February, 2017 in two stations.i.e. creek and jetty. Samples were collected at the low tide (0.4-0.7 m tidal depth) during 0600 to 0730 hrs. Bag net was used for seed collection which had 3x1 m mouth opening and 5 no./cm mesh size. Environmental parameters were recorded and highest DO recorded during September(6.6 ppm) and minimum during December(4 ppm). TDS was high during May(46.97 ppm) and minimum during September (0.62 ppm). Salinity recorded highest during April and May(36‰) and minimum during July (0 ‰). Highest water temperature recorded during August (29°C) and minimum during January (19°C). Diversity indices were calculated, while Shanon-Weiner index (H') at Log2 recorded highest i.e. 2.59(March) and 2.58(September) in station I and II respectively; Simpson index (S) recorded highest 0.78(September) and 0.8(March) in station I and II respectively. Total 5586 (1603 in station I and 3983 in station II) seed specimens were collected in the study period at both the station which was including 9 orders, 23 families and 27 genuses. Genus mainly collected were Ambassius, Etroplus, Gerres, Neopomacentrus, Scatophagus, Sillago, Terapon, Aplochilus, Liza, Megalops. These genus always had contribution >10 %, sometimes up to 20-50 % to the total composition of seed. Finfish seed density was calculated highest during April (1.77 no/m3) and lowest during September (0.32 no/m3), while highest during March (3.7 no/m3) and lowest during August (0.46 no/m3) in station II.Salinity recorded positive correlation with TDS (0.95) and seed density (0.81). ANOVA found significant at 5% level of significance.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF FISH MARKET WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF SILAGE (Accession No. T06294)(DBSKKV., Dapoli, 2017-05) PALKAR, NIKHIL DILIP; Koli, J. M.In the present study an attempt was made to transformation of fish market waste into silage by using three different methods viz. Inorganic (98% sulphuric acid with weight percentage of 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5%), organic (98% formic acid with weight percentage of 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5%) and biological method (molasses with weight percentage of 5, 10, 15% and curd used as lactic acid bacteria source for fermentation).The chemical, microbiological and nutritional properties of the differently preserved fish silages were estimated during a storage period of 60 days at ambient temperature. The important findings are summarised as: the chemical analysis of fish market waste was observed on wet basis to be moisture 77.09 ± 0.14 %, crude protein 15.20 ± 0.15 %, lipid 4.03 ± 0.07 % and ash 3.30± 0.11 %. Rice bran was used as co-drying material for drying liquid silage. The proximate composition of rice bran contained moisture, crude protein, fat and ash as 9.45 ± 0.19 %, 16.05 ± 0.08 %, 13.42 ± 0.15 % and 10.44 ± 0.14 % respectively on dry weight basis. The rate of pH, AAN and TVB-N were gradually increasing trends and then stable. In case of biological silage 10% and 15 % molasses, pH was decreased from 6.56 to 4.45 and 6.75 to 4.14 at the end of 6th day. pH was decreased below 4.5 after 72 hours in both silages. The rate of autolysis in sulphuric acid silage was slow compared to formic acid and biological silage. In case of bio-fermented silage (15% molasses) a steady supply of nutrients from molasses showed a steady increase in LAB from 2.24×106 to 3.67×109 cfu/g and decrease in TPC from 4.50×106 to 8.20×103 cfu/g. In present study, Sulphuric acid 2.5%, Formic acid 2.5%, biological silage 5 and 10% silages were corrupted at the end of 24, 24, 12 and 30 days respectively. In all three methods of fish silage production (mineral acid, organic acid, and biological method), the optimum amount of sulphuric acid, formic acid and molasses were determined 3.5%, 3.5% and 15%,respectively.At the end of experiment, biological silage shown higher protein content compared to inorganic and organic acid silage. Powder fish silage was prepared by mixed liquid silage with different quantity of rice bran. For neutralizing the liquid fish silage 1.5% sodium carbonate was added and measured pH value was 6.45. Mixtures were dried within 2-3 days in solar tunnel drier. The proximate composition of powder fish silage made with different quantity of rice bran 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% contained moisture content as 13.74 ± 0.12, 12.54 ± 0.30, 10.91 ± 0.13, 10.18 ± 0.05, 9.18 ± 0.02 % respectively; crude protein content as 29.50 ± 0.22, 28.56 ± 0.12, 27.66 ± 0.10, 26.53 ± 0.18, 25.73 ± 0.08 % respectively; fat content as 16.28 ± 0.11, 15.71 ± 0.14, 14.45 ± 0.11, 13.73 ± 0.17, 12.60 ± 0.10% respectively; ash content 14.21 ± 0.12, 14.55 ± 0.11, 15.27 ± 0.13, 15.65 ± 0.15, 15.99 ± 0.12 % respectively. Considering all the limitation, powder fish silage with 30 % rice bran was found to be better and carried for further storage study. During storage, moisture content of powder silage was increased in the range from 10.91 ± 0.14 to 11.15 ± 0.10 ,whereas the protein content was decreased in the range from 27.66 ± 0.10 to 27.04 ± 0.06 %, fat content decreased in the range from 14.45 ± 0.11 to 13.42 ± 0.10 %, ash content decreased in the range from 15.27 ± 0.11 to 14.60 ± 0.09 %, Fiber content decreased in the range from 9.89 ± 0.06 to 9.64 ± 0.07 %, Carbohydrate content increased in the range from 21.82 ± 0.07 to 23.14 ± 0.11 %, pH increased in the range from 6.45 ± 0.05 to 6.59 ± 0.14 and TPC increased in the range from 2.10×104 to 2.36 ×104 cfu/g during the storage period from 0 to 90 days. From above study it can be concluded that fish market waste is suitable for preparation of fish silage powder. At room temperature powder fish silage could be stored up to more than 3 months without loss of major nutrient components.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND IMPACT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT EFFLUENT ALONG THE COAST OF JAIGAD, RATNAGIRI, MAHARASHTRA(DBSKKV., Dapoli, 2017-05) TEKADE, ANKITA SHRIKANT; KULKARNI, G.N.ABSTRACT The present investigation was undertaken to study the characteristics and effect of thermal power plant effluent on the coastal ecology of Jaigad during May-2014 to August 2015 and also to examine the response of green mussels exposed to varying temperatures. The area of investigation was divided into nine different stations along Jaigad coast. Station 1 (S1) was considered as reference station at Shastri river mouth. Subsequently, other stations were near-shore located away from the coolant water discharge point of the thermal power plant, namely S2 and S3 along the 5 fathom depth contour, S4 and S5 along the 10 fathom depth contour, S6 and S7 along the 15 fathom depth contour, while S8 and S9 represented the 20 fathom depth contour. E1, E2 and E3 were the locations of effluent and effluent mixing zones. At effluent and effluent receiving locations, the water temperature ranged from 28 to 360C, pH from 7.40 to 8.30, dissolved oxygen from 2.1 to 3.1 mg L-1, salinity from 34.51 to 38.75 psu, total dissolved solids from 26.33 to 39.12 mg L-1, total suspended solid from 18.35 to 29.72 mg L-1. Among other parameters, total alkalinity ranged between 110 to 151 mg L-1, nitrate from 0.29 to 0.89 mg L-1, phosphate from 0.112 to 0.331 mg L-1, silicate varied from 0.789 to 1.429 mg L-1 and sulphate from 29.74 to 55.25 mg L-1 in the effluent and its immediate mixing zone. In the near-shore locations, the water temperature showed variations from 25.4 to 36.5°C, pH from 7.50 to 8.70, total alkalinity from 82 to 141 mg L-1, dissolved oxygen varied from 3.0 to 6.9 mg L-1, salinity from 29.11 to 37.29 psu, total dissolved solids from 11.10 to 39.90 mg L-1, total suspended solid content showed the range of 5.01 to 30.24 mg L-1, while the sulphate ranged from 29.03 to 83.56 mg L-1. Extinction coefficient (K value) in all stations varied from 0.011 to 0.016. Nitrate, phosphate and silicate fluctuated from 0.15 to 1.31 mg L-1, 0.032 to 0.376 mg L-1 and 0.258 and 1.985 mg L-1 respectively. Chlorophyll a ranged from 0.17 to 9.26 mg m-³. The data on sediment temperature revealed overall range of 23.9 to 28.9ºC. Sediment pH varied from 7.40 to 8.61 and its organic carbon was between 1.21 and 2.38 % and sediment sulphate ranged between 28.03 and 37.87 mg kg-1. Among phytoplankton, twenty eight genera were identified from nine stations including twenty diatoms, four dinoflagellates, one silicoflagellates and two representing blue-green algae. The phytoplankton density at S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 ranged from 340 to 1655, 220 to 1215, 240 to 500, 1385 to 2865, 915 to 1897, 590 to 1350, 445 to 1335, 270 to 1120 and 210 to 770 no.L-1 respectively. Zooplankton were mainly composed of Copepoda (Calanoid and Cyclopoid), Dino-flagellates with one genus (Noctilucasp), and Tintinnda with two genera (Flavella sp. and Tintinopsis sp.). The zooplankton density at S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 ranged from 125 to 440, 130 to 325, 45 to230,45 to 310, 80 to 415, 280 to 720, 155 to 445, 300 to 455 and 315 to 505 no.L-1 respectively. Thermal dispersion studies indicated dominant north and south wind and current. The temperature increase was maximum upto 5ºC near the outlet vicinity with the thermal plume at a distance of 0.5-5 km from the outlet. Sub-lethal experiment revealed decrease in protein and glycogen in the green mussel with increase in temperature and the period of exposure, while ALP increased. The present investigation shows significant variation compared to reference locality in terms of temperature, DO, salinity, pH and chlorophyll a content considering 5 fathom contour line. The temperature difference between intake and outfall should be maintained minimum below 50C, so that marine ecological conditions remain normal.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF FISH BALL IN CURRY FROM CATLA AMITA (Accession No. T05130)(DBSKKV., Dapoli, 2012-05) Kolekar Amita Deepak; Pagarkar A. V.The production of catla (Catla catla) has increased in India, few attempts has been made to develop value added products therefore there is urgent need to develop value added product from this fish to increase the profitability. Processing of carps into value-added products enhance their acceptability and market value as revealed by the sensory evaluation of the product. Adding value means employing processing methods, specialized ingredients or novel packaging to enhance the nutrition, sensory characteristics, shelf life and convenience of food products. The present day consumer particularly urban consumers are showing more and more interest in food products which are available in ready-to-eat form. Keeping this in view an attempt was made to develop ready-to-eat product fish ball in curry from fresh water fish (C. catla) using the locally available ingredients. The developed product “fish ball in curry” was stored at chilled (0 to -2°C) and frozen (- 18°C) temperature for shelf life study. 6.1 Catla surimi prepared by 0.15% salt water washing have better quality than surimi prepared without salt water washing. 6.2 The average percentage yield of catla surimi was 25.02%. 6.3 The moisture, crude protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash content in catla surimiwas77.42, 17.38, 1.10, 2.14 and 1.96%. 6.4 Biochemical quality characteristics were recorded for catla surimi including pH (6.7), TVB-N (6.9 mg/100g) and peroxide value (1.10 millimoles of O2/kg) for catla surimi. Recorded physical characteristics for catla surimi were L*, a*, b*, L*- 3b*(whiteness) values 77.38, -1.39, 12.48, 40.57 respectively and gel strength 96.18 gxmm. SUMMARY 95 6.5 Total plate count of catla surimi was 3.9x105cfu/g, whereas, pathogenic bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were not detected in catla surimi. 6.6 The catla fish ball in curry was standardized using different ingredients. It was found that, fish ball in curry prepared with 0.51 g, 3.34 g and 1.00 g ginger, garlic and green chilly respectively showed organoleptically highest score for all the attributes as compared to other. 6.7 Fish ball in curry prepared with 60:40 (w/w) ratio of ordinary to modified starch and 4 hrs setting time at 25°Chad highest score for all the attributes as compared to other. 6.8 Standardized fish ball had 79.20 gxmm gel strength. 6.9 Proximate composition of catla fish ball in curry kept in chilled and frozen storage showed slight variation but no significant difference was observed at the beginning and at the end of the storage study. 6.10 The organoleptic score for overall acceptability of the catla fish ball in curry kept in chilled and frozen storage showed slight decreasing trend from 0 to 12 days and 0 to 300 days respectively. The catla fish ball in curry kept in chilled as well as in frozen stored was not in acceptable condition after 9 and 285 days respectively. 6.11 The pH showed slightly decreased in both chilled and frozen stored fish ball in curry from 6.38 to 6.07 and 6.38 to 5.10 respectively. 6.12 The peroxide value in both chilled and frozen stored fish ball in curry increased from 2.27 to 9.47 and 2.27 to 12.37meq of O2/kg respectively. 6.13 The total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N) value of catla fish ball in curry increased in chilled and frozen stored from 5.04 to 17.64 and 5.04 to 25.65 mg/100gm respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Buprofezin and Imidacloprid pesticides on haematology, biochemical and immune response in Cyprinus carpio communis (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings. ADNAN AMIN M. F. Sc. Reg. No.(DBSKKV., Dapoli, 2017-02) ADNAN, AMIN; INDULKAR, SudhakarABSTRACT Use of pesticides or insecticides in agriculture and domestic purpose is highly toxic to aquatic life. Buprofezin is an insect growth regulator while Imidacloprid is a pest inhibitor. During the study, aquaria acclimated carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to the said pesticides separately to study the acute toxicity (96 h) and sublethal (28 days) impact. When fingerlings of C. carpio were exposed to pesticides Buprofezin and Imidacloprid the 96 h LC50 values were found to be 9.364 and 128.224 mgL-1 respectively. Two concentrations i.e. 1/10th and 1/5th of 96 h LC50 i.e. 0.936 and 1.872 mgL-1 for Buprofezin and 12.822, 25.644 mgL-1 for Imidacloprid were selected for 28 days sublethal studies. The extent of damage was assessed at hematological, biochemical and immunological levels. During sublethal study, erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) values were found to be significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Whereas, leucocyte (WBC) count was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the pesticide treated fingerlings. The hematological indices like mean cellular volume (MCV) and mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH) were observed to be significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly (p<0.05) increased as compared to control group in both selected toxicants. Biochemical profiles like crude protein and crude fat showed significantly decreased trend, whereas, crude fibre and ash content were found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased. Serum albumin and globulin were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. However, serum glucose was significantly (p<0.05) increased in pesticides treated fingerlings. Significant increase in Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) was recorded in Buprofezin exposed fingerlings. Whereas, significant (p<0.05) decrease in Liver AST and ALT was observed in Imidacloprid treated fingerlings throughout 28 days. Immune parameters like NBT, total blood protein were found to be decreased during the study period. Clotting time showed significant (p<0.05) increase as compared to control. Antioxidant enzymes like catalase, SOD, GST showed sharp increase as compared to control in both pesticides. The results of present study ascertained that the pesticides Buprofezin and Imidacloprid caused alterations on haematological, biochemical and immune parameters of C. carpio fingerlings and these alterations can be used as non specific biomarkers in pesticide contaminated aquatic ecosystem.
