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ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF HEAT STRESS REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING ANIMAL COMFORT IN DAIRY BARN(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2023-02-17) Ms. Pawar Ankita Balasaheb; Dr. S. K. Jain; Dr. H. T. Jadhav, Dr. A. A. SawantABSTRACT Buffaloes are not much physiologically adapted to extremes of heat and cold than the various breeds of cattle. Environmental parameters i. e. ambient temperature, solar radiations and relative humidity have direct impact on productive performance and comfort of buffalo. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the productive and physiological differences of Mehsana buffaloes. Twenty buffaloes were selected on parity, weight, age and lactation stage and gave them four different treatments: Sprinkler cooling with ceiling fan, High pressure fogging with ceiling fan, shed treatment, and outside the barn without any cooling system. Five buffaloes were on each treatment housed in open sided barn. The temperature and relative humidity were measured in each treatment and control. The body temperature, skin temperature and respiration rate was measured on two hours intervals during the trial period. The maximum temperature was under control treatments followed by shed, sprinkler system and high pressure fogging system and the relative humidity was maximum in high pressure fogging system treatment followed by sprinkler, shed and control. The respiration rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature were in optimum range in sprinkler followed by high pressure fogging system. It can be concluded that under sprinkler treatment and high pressure fogging system the buffaloes were in thermal comfort zone. Whereas buffaloes under shed and control were not in thermal comfort zone. It was concluded from comprehensive climate index that the buffaloes were under mild stress in high pressure fogging system treatment, severe stress under sprinkler treatment and extremely severe stress under shed and control. It was concluded that the sprinkler system cooling was most efficient heat stress mitigation practice among them all.ThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN ROOF MECHANISM FOR GREENHOUSE(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH DAPOLI, 2023-01-23) Mr. GURAV AMIT ANANDRAV; Dr. S. K. Jain; Dr. H. T. Jadhav, Dr. A. A. Sawant; Prof. M. H. TharkarABSTRACT The traditional greenhouses consist of fixed roof, therefore the direct sunlight does not reach to the crop directly. The open roof mechanism opens the roof partially or fully according to the requirement. Therefore, the plants get direct sunlight, increases light intensity, increases flowering and crop timing. The open roof mechanism was developed and installed on the naturally ventilated greenhouse. The mechanism developed by using rack and pinion system. The mechanism operates on the DC geared motor having capacity 0.25 hp. The total 4 treatments were taken during experiment such as only side ventilation was open (T1), side ventilation and roof was opened (T2), side ventilation and roof was closed (T3) and open roof mechanism was used according to requirement (T4). The readings of temperature and relative humidity were observed from 7.00 AM to 7.00 PM at 1 hour interval by using HOBO sensors and these readings were compared with ambient environment. The solar radiation reading was also taken at regular interval. During experiment it was observed that treatment T4 gives better result as compared to other treatments. The open roof mechanism works satisfactorily and opens or closes the roof in 17 seconds. a) Title of the thesis : DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN ROOF MECHANISM FOR GREENHOUSE b) Full name of student : Mr. Gurav Amit Anandrav c) Name and address of Major Advisor : Dr. S. K. Jain, Professor and Head, Department of Farm Structural Engineering, CAET, DBSKKV Dapoli d) Degree to be awarded : M. Tech (Agricultural Structures and Environment Management) e) Year of award of degree : 2023 f) Major subject : Farm Structural Engineering g) Total number of pages in the thesis : : 82 h) Number of words in the abstract : 192 i) Signature of student : : j) Signature, Name and address of forwarding authority :ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LOW RISE BAMBOO POLYHOUSE FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2023-02-08) Mr. MHADE RUSHIKESH RAMESH; Dr. H. T. Jadhav; Dr. S. K. Jain, Dr. Y. R. Parulekar; Dr. S. T. Patil, Dr. A. A. SawantABSTRACT The present study was undertaken with the objective of to design and develop low-rise bamboo polyhouse (LRBP) and to evaluate the developed LRBP for vegetable production in the Konkan region. The structural members of LRBP (purlin, rafter, bottom chord, side column, middle columns) were designed by calculating different parameters (wind speed at specific height, external and internal pressure coefficients, design wind pressure values, wind loads etc.) acting on bamboo polyhouse structure members and then, the prototype of LRBP structure (24 m × 9 m × 3.55 m) was constructed using a bamboo (Var: Pseudoxytenanthera Madhavi). Also, the structure was evaluated for the cucumber crop. The results showed that the cucumber yield under the polyhouse (2.92 kg/m2) was 3.69 times the yield obtained in open field conditions (0.79 kg/m2).ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF SILO STRUCTURE TYPES ON QUALITY OF SILAGE MADE FROM CROP RESIDUE(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH DAPOLI, 2023-02-08) Ms. CHAVAN MAHESHWARI MANSING; Dr. S. K. Jain; Dr. H. T. Jadhav, Dr. A. A. Sawant; Dr. P. R. Kolhe, Dr. A. G. MohodABSTRACT Silage making is an ancient agricultural practise. Good-quality silages are seen as crucial and an appropriate replacement for hay and pasture. The highest quality of silage is produced by knowing the skill of storing silage. The physical and chemical characteristics of silages are influenced by silo type. Silo structures such as bag, drum, aspirator bottle and horizontal surface silo stores the fodder without loss of nutrients and stored fodder can be used whenever there is lack of green fodder. The silage was prepared in horizontal surface silo, drum, bag and aspirator bottle silo. There were two treatments in silage preparation. In first treatment, silage was made by using jaggery in four types of silos and in second treatment silage was made by without jaggery. After 45 days of ensiling, properties of silage such as solid matter content, pH, crude protein and temperature were recorded. During experiment, it was concluded that optimum pH of silage made with and without addition of jaggery was found nearly same in all type of silos. Optimum solid matter content of silage was found in bag and aspirator bottle silo compared to another silo. Optimum crude protein content was found in bag silo. Ambient temperature of silage influences the temperature of silage. Bag silo was better in making silage compared to other silage.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THERMAL MODELING OF NATURALLY VENTILATED BROILER HOUSE(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2022-02-14) MISS. DHAGE PUJA VISHWAS; Dr. H. T. Jadhav; Dr. S. K. Jain, Dr. A. A. Sawant; Dr. J. S. DhekaleABSTRACT “ STUDIES ON THERMAL MODELING OF NATURALLY VENTILATED BROILER HOUSE ” by Miss. Dhage Puja Vishwas College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra State (India) 2022 Research Guide : Dr. H. T. Jadhav Department : Farm Structures Poultry sector is one of the important contributing parameters in livestock production in India and it is growing year on year. Poultry meat is rich source of minerals, proteins and vitamins. Also, broilers have quick growth with high food conversion efficiency. Poultry manure is also a good source of essential plant minerals. With increasing population of India, consumption rate of poultry meat is also increasing. To fulfil the demand of chicken, there is requirement to increase poultry production as well as productivity. To increase the productivity, indoor environmental conditions need to be maintained properly as bird’s micro environment is one of the most affecting parameters on bird’s growth. Improper management of indoor environment results in decrease in productivity which ultimately lower the economic returns. Hence, broiler house should be designed to maintain proper environment for better bird performance. With this view, thermal models for energy and mass balances were developed for inside temperature and relative humidity predictions, respectively as temperature and humidity are two most affecting parameters on bird’s growth. Also, as accurate and validated models, to design Indian style naturally ventilated broiler house are not available in which heat/moisture gain and loss paths were considered and contribution of each path in heat/moisture gain and loss was depicted. Therefore, the developed models will help to identify most contributing parameter(s) for changes in inside temperature and relative humidity of a broiler house. Furthermore, the models will be xviiihelpful in designing automation systems for environment control of similar broiler houses. The important parameters considered in development of thermal models of the broiler house were solar radiations which increase heat gain in the house, constructional materials of house components through which heat flow occurs in or out of the house, heat loss by radiation, birds and ventilation rate. With this, amount heat required for evaporation of water from litter and heat given by artificial light sources was also considered. Important contributing parameters considered in the mass balance equation which affects on inside relative humidity were latent heat produced (LHP) by birds, moisture flow with ventilation and moisture evaporated from the litter. By aggregating all these parameters, inside temperature and relative humidity of the broiler house was predicted. Developed models were validated against field measurements for their accuracy. Total six days measurements (2 days with 24 h measurements and 4 days with measurements from sunrise to sunset i.e. from 6.00 h to 19.00 h) were noted. Energy and mass balance equations were solved for predicting inside temperature and relative humidity, respectively. In this model analysis, it was found that heat loss due to ventilation rate from the broiler house was directly proportional to wind velocity. Due to variations in wind velocity, ventilation rate varied greatly which resulted in occurrence of errors in predicted inside temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, ventilation was found the most affecting parameter affects predictions greatly. Average percentage errors between values of predicted inside temperature versus measured inside temperature for six test days were 2.58%, 5.26%, 2.39%, 2.02%, 1.99% and 2.76% and between predicted versus measured inside relative humidity were 2.77%, 8.57%, 4.11%, 2.95%, 1.59% and 2.2%. There was good agreement between predicted and measured values. So, developed thermal models would be used to apply on similar naturally ventilated broiler houses for the control of indoor broiler house thermal environment. Keywords- barn temperature, barn relative humidity, broiler house, environment control, energy and mass balance, xix moisture flowThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANISM FOR OPERATION OF CURTAINS IN GREENHOUSE(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2021-06) Mr. Shirke Prasad Santosh; Dr.S. K. Jain; Dr. H. T. Jadhav, Dr.Y.P. Khandetod; M. B. PatilABSTRACT “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANISM FOR OPERATION OF CURTAINS IN GREENHOUSE” by Mr. Prasad Santosh Shirke College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Dr.Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra State (India) 2021 Research Guide Department : Dr.S. K. Jain : Farm Structures It is necessary to trap heat and CO 2 in naturally ventilated greenhouse during night time for better growth of crop, while during day time it is mandatory to reduce inside temperature in naturally ventilated greenhouse. Trapping heat and CO 2 and reduction of temperature is achieved by unrolling and rolling of side polythene curtains for inside environment control. Traditionally, rolling and unrolling of curtains are carried out manually by using universal joint and crank mechanism. This manually operated curtain system comes with several disadvantages like break down of system due to rusting, difficulties to lock or unlock system, uneven rolling of curtains, time consuming operation, etc. Therefore, the attempts were made to design and development mechanism for operation of curtains in greenhouse. The curtain operating mechanism consists of single DC gear motor used for rotating both side curtain roller pipe in clockwise and anticlockwise direction to roll up and roll down the curtains respectively. This is achieved by connecting both sides curtain roller pipe with the help of bevel gears. This mechanism fitted with automatic control system which operates curtains on the basis of the inside temperature of greenhouse. The study found that the average maximum temperature rise inside naturally ventilated greenhouse was 9 °C and 3.7 °C when curtains were fully closed and fully open condition respectively at ARDF Tansa, Tal.Wada, Dist. Palghar. It was also found that the average maximum temperature rise inside naturally ventilated xviiigreenhouse was 8.2 °C and 4.1 °C when curtains were fully closed and fully open condition respectively at CAET Research Farm Dapoli. It was observed that the inside and outside relative humidity were almost same in fully opened curtain condition. Whereas in fully closed condition the inside relative humidity was lower than outside relative humidity. When automation was provided to the curtain roll up and roll down mechanism, it was found that when inside temperature of greenhouse prototype reaches to the higher limit temperature (32 °C ) the curtains were opened. The curtains were opened (roll up) at 8:10 am when outside and inside temperature was 29.80 °C and 32.10 °C respectively. These curtains were remained open until the inside temperature of greenhouse prototype goes below or equal to the lower limit temperature (28 °C ). It was also observed that the curtains were closed (roll down) at 7:36 pm when outside and inside temperature was 27.90 °C and 28 °C respectively. Keywords- Naturally ventilated greenhouse, curtains, mechanisation, automation, temperature. xixThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF LATERITE QUARRY SCRAP STABILIZED BLOCKS FOR RURAL HOUSING IN KONKAN(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2021-06) Mr. Pawar Ranjit Rajkumar; D.r.S. K. Jain; Dr. H. T. Jadhav, Dr. A. A. Sawant; Prof.M.H.TharkarABSTRACT “DEVELOPMENT OF LATERITE QUARRY SCRAP STABILIZED BLOCKS FOR RURAL HOUSING IN KONKAN” by Mr. Pawar Ranjit Rajkumar College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra State (India) 2021 Research Guide : Dr. S. K. Jain Department : Farm Structures India, the country of large population facing serious problem of housing particularly for poor who make most of the total population. It is today's need to develop and use local building materials to contribute to the solution of building material crisis. The study involved in investigating the performance of cement stabilized laterite scrap blocks admixed with sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) and paddy husk ash (PHA). Locally available laterite stone scrap was tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and weathering loss properties. The mix ratio adapted for the manufacturing of laterite stone scrap stabilized block was 1: 5.25 (cement: laterite stone scrap) by weight. This laterite scrap was stabilized using 16 % cement for manufacture of blocks of size 23 × 15 × 10 cm. Laterite stone scrap stabilized blocks were prepared by replacing cement with 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % by SBA and PHA. The laterite stone scrap blocks admixed with 16 % cement were considered as control. All blocks were cast followed by moist curing for a period of 28 days. They were then subjected to compressive strength (IS 3495 (Part 1): 1992), water absorption (IS 3495 (Part 2): 1992), and weathering tests (IS 1725: 1982) in accordance with Indian standards specifications for soil based in general building construction. The results of the tests indicated that the compressive strength of the blocks decreases from 3.92 N/mm 2 to 0.87 N/mm 2 i.e. 77.80 % with addition of SBA to replace the cement content from 2 % to 8 % by weight. The compressive strength of blocks decreases from 5.35 N/mm 2 to 1.18 N/mm 2 i.e. 77.94 % with addition xviiof PHA used to replace the cement content from 2 % to 8 % by weight. The water absorption of the blocks increases from 14.09 % to 19.92 % with addition of SBA used to replace the cement content from 2 % to 8 % by weight. The water absorption of blocks increases from 11.24 % to 17.90 % with addition of PHA used to replace the cement content from 2 % to 8 % by weight. The average loss of weight in weathering test for all the treatment was in the range of 0.04 % to 1.28 %. The results showed that laterite stone scrap stabilized blocks prepared with 84 % laterite stone scrap, 14 % cement, 2 % SBA and blocks prepared with 84 % laterite stone scrap, 14 % cement, 2 % PHA met the standard requirement of BIS code. It is concluded that laterite stone scrap stabilized blocks with 2 % replacement of cement by SBA and laterite stone scrap stabilized blocks with 2 % replacement of cement by PHA were capable of producing stabilized blocks at reduced cement content that met the minimum required standards. Laterite stone scrap stabilized blocks have a great potential in future for low and medium cost rural housing construction and contribute on sustainable development. Keywords- Laterite stone scrap, Compressed stabilized blocks, sugarcane bagasse ash, Paddy husk ash xviiiThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL MEMBER FOR RURAL HOUSING(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DR. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,DAPOLI, 2021-10-12) MR. GAVALI JAYPAL SUKLAL; Dr.S. K. Jain; Dr. H. T. Jadhav, Dr. A. A. Sawant; Dr. P. B. BansodeABSTRACT “DEVELOPMENT OF BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL MEMBER FOR RURAL HOUSING” by Mr. Gavali Jaypal Suklal College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra State (India) 2021 Research Guide : Dr. S. K. Jain Department : Farm Structures In recent years, a lot of construction has been undertaken, particularly in developing countries, and as a result of this demand, new technologies have emerged, one of which is the replacement of bamboo with steel as a reinforcement. The use of bamboo as a steel substitute is primarily due to the high cost of reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete. As a need of the hour, more sustainable alternatives in the construction industry are being found and one such option is utilizing bamboo as a reinforcement substitute to the costly steel reinforcements, as conventional bamboo is readily available in various tropical and sub-tropical regions. Hence the use of appropriate sized whole bamboo culms (bar) or bamboo splints has been proposed to replace it as a reinforcement instead of steel. Bamboo splits were used by treating them with Coal tar for water-proofing to avoid bamboo swelling in the mix, rising the bond strength and toughness of bamboo as reinforcement. The M20 grade of concrete was selected for concrete work. Bamboo reinforced structural member consists of specimen consisting of no reinforcement, Steel reinforcement, Bamboo reinforcement and Bamboo reinforcement coated with tar for the size (100 mm × 100 mm × 500 mm). The flexural test was performed on specimen. A nominal cover of 20 mm was provided to the reinforced structural members. The bamboo sticks were seasoned for about three weeks and then were used to reinforced the bamboo reinforced concrete beams. The bamboo split culm size of 19 mm width was used for reinforcement. The main reinforcement bars two numbers of bamboo split culms were used on the tension xixside for singly reinforcement. For doubly reinforcement main reinforcement bars two numbers of bamboo split culms on the tension side and two numbers of bamboo split culms on the compression side was used. The PCC (Plain cement concrete) beams failed at an average ultimate load of 13.51 kN and flexural strength was found to be 5.40 MPa. The average deflection of PCC beams while loading was found to be 0.63 mm. The singly reinforced sections i.e., SR 1 C (Steel reinforced concrete- singly reinforced), BR 1 C (Bamboo reinforced concrete- singly reinforced), and TBR 1 C (Treated bamboo reinforced concrete- singly reinforced) beams failed at an average ultimate load of 53.25 kN, 16.37 kN and 34.01 kN respectively (i.e., 36 - 70 % lower than steel). The flexural strength of singly reinforced sections i.e., SR 1 C, BR 1 C, and TBR 1 C was found to be 21.27 MPa, 6.27 MPa and 7.73 MPa respectively. The average deflection while loading for SR 1 C, BR 1 C, and TBR 1 C was found to be 16.77 mm, 18.90 mm and 9.83 mm respectively. The doubly reinforced sections i.e., SR 2 C (Steel reinforced concrete- doubly reinforced), BR 2 C (Bamboo reinforced concrete- doubly reinforced), and TBR 2 C (Treated bamboo reinforced concrete- doubly reinforced) beams failed at an average ultimate load of 65.51 kN, 26.87 kN and 34.01 kN (48 – 60 % lower than steel). The flexural strength of doubly reinforced sections i.e., SR 2 C, BR 2 C, and TBR 2 C was found to be 25.83, 10.75 MPa and 12.86 MPa respectively. The average deflection while loading for SR 2 C, BR 2 C, and TBR 2 C was found to be 19.73 mm, 7.03 mm and 12.13 mm respectively. The flexural test results showed that steel reinforced concrete beam had the highest flexural strength compared to others. However, bamboo reinforced concrete beams showed a significant improvement in their flexural strength as compared to plain cement concrete beam. Hence, it can be recommended to use bamboo reinforced concrete beam for light load bearing structures like beam and slab for small panel. Keywords- Concrete, tensile strength, steel, bamboo, reinforcement, ultimate load, flexural strength, singly reinforced, doubly reinforced. xx
