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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigations of Mungbean yellow Mosaic Virus (Mymv) of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilezek)
    (Department of Plant pathology College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural Universit, 2010-07) Pawar, Dayaneshwar Madhukarrao; Mahatma, Lalit
    Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the important pulse crops primarily grown for food in India. During the survey, occurrence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMv) in mungbean was noticed in serious proportion causing heavy losses in Navsari, Surat and valsad districts;. Cultivars GM-4 and K-851 were found more severely affected at the flowering stage during summer season . Considering the seriousness of the problem, the present investigation was carried out on transmission and detection of virus. Roving field surveys were under taken in and around Navsari , Surat and Val sad districts, the total 16 locations to find out occurrence of the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMv) during summer, 20 I O. The MYMv incidence increases with on increase in crop stages. Crop at the first trifoliate leaf stage was 08-12 per cent, second trifoliate leaf stage was 16-20 per cent and before flowering stage 4 I to 55 % incidences were reloaded and at the time of maturity stage showed 65-76 per cent incidence of MYMv. Fields of Sugarcane Research Station, NAU, Navsari farm were observed periodically. Three popular varieties of mungbean viz., K-851, GM-3 and GM-4 were sown in the field. None of the variety showed resistance against the disease and 75 to 100 per cent incidence was reloaded at the time of crop maturity. Among these, K-8S1 showed cent per cent MYMV incidence. The disease appeared in the field as small scattered yellow to golden yellow colour flecks on the infected leaves. These were scattered on the entire leaves and were more concentrated near the leaf venation. The severity of the symptoms could be seen in the newly emerging leaves, where in case of high susceptibility, cent per cent area of the leaf turned yellow. The symptoms could be observed on all the green coloured aerial parts of the plants including cotyledon leaf, trifoliate leaves, stem, petiole, flower part, pod and seeds. Infected plant remained stunted with few pods of small size and shrivelled seeds. The peR based diagnostic protocol was standardized to amplify viral DNA, six different primer pairs were used. Presence of DNA-A and DNA-8 molecules of the virus could be detected by the different sets of the primers. Self designed primer pair, LM-20F + LM-20R was best and replicative. Therefore, the same primer pair was used for the different diagnostic and localization purpose throughout the study. The virus was not found to be transmitted by seeds, mechanical sap and aphid in the susceptible plants. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius) could acquire virus i~ 30 minutes of acquisition feeding and similarly could inoculate in 30 minutes of inoculation feeding period. There was effect of fasting on the transmission of virus. for cent percent virus transmission, whiteflies needs 6 hours of acquisition and inoculation feeding period. MYMV could be detected from the sepal, standard petal, wing petal, keel petal and androecium . However, MYMV could not be detected from gynoecium. Among the parts of seeds, MYMV could be detected from the pod , seed coat and cotyledon. However, presence of MYMV could not be detected from embryo of the seed . From the results , it is concluded that the seeds act as a passive source of primary inoculation and may be termed as passive transmission of the disease or virus through seeds . Presence of MYMV in the callus induced from the infected cotyledon could be detected. This is the first report of the detection of any Begomovirus from the seeds or any part of the seeds. Further, the virus could be multiplied (cultured) artificially in the laboratory condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF FARMERS TOWARDS THE USE OF KISAN CALL CENTER IN SOUTH GUJARAT REGION
    (AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPT., N. M. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, NAVSARI, 2014-06) PARMAR, VIRENDRAKUMAR S.; Sharma, O.P.
    The challenges before Indian Agriculture are immense. This sector needs to grow at a faster rate than in the past to allow for higher per capita income and consumption. The limitation in Transfer of Technology (TOT) model continues to remain a challenge for the public and private extension systems. With the availability of telephone and Internet, it is now possible to bridge this gap to quite a large extent by using an appropriate mix of technologies. The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India has launched Kisan Call Centers (KCC) scheme on 21st January 2004 with a view to leverage the extensive telecom infrastructure in the country to deliver extension services to the farming community.The purpose of these call centres is to respond to issues raised by farmers, instantly, in the local language. There are call centres for every state which are expected to handle traffic from any part of the country. Queries related to agriculture and allied sectors are being addressed through these call centres. The farmer may come across a number of information sources but they pursue only few of them depending upon the availability and the ease of use. Countering the importance and facts in view the present study entitled, “KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF FARMERS TOWARDS THE USE OF KISAN CALL CENTER IN SOUTH GUJARAT REGION‟ was under taken with the following specific objectives. 5 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 1. To study the profile of the selected farmers. 2. To find out the knowledge level of farmers about the use of Kisan Call Center. 3. To measure the attitude of farmers towards Kisan Call Center. 4. To ascertain the relationship between profile of farmers and their attitude towards Kisan Call Center. 5. To ascertain the relationship between profile of farmers & their knowledge level about Kisan Call Center. 6. To identify constraints as perceived by the farmers in using the services of Kisan Call Center. 7. To explore suggestion from the farmers to overcome the constraints as perceived by the farmers in use of services of Kisan Call Center. METHODOLOGY The present study was undertaken in South Gujarat. A list of farmers of Navsari, Valsad, Tapi, Narmada, Dang, Surat and Bharuch who had contacted Kisan Call Center (KCC), Ahmedabad through landline or mobile phone during 1st Jan – 2013 to 31st Dec 2013 was obtained from the Kisan Call Center (KCC), Ahmedabad. Out of these 200 farmers were selected with the help of proportionate random sampling method. To know the education, extension contact, source of information, knowledge of farmers about KCC and farmers attitude towards KCC of respondents a structured schedule was developed. The SES scale developed by Pareek and Trivedi (1963) was used with due modification for measuring family size, occupation, land holding, social participation and annual income. The Scale developed by Supe (1969) was used with due modification for measurement risk and scientific orientation. The Scale developed by Singh (1977) was used with due modification for measurement innovativeness of the respondents. A simple ranking technique was applied to measure the source of information, constraints perceiveds by respondent and for suggestions also. The data was collected with the help of well- structured, pre-tested, Gujarati version interview scheduled through personal contact and data were compiled, tabulated and analyzed to get answers for objectives of the study. The statistical tools used were percentage, mean score, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation. MAJOR FINDINGS 1. It can be concluded that majority of the respondents were from large family, medium level of source of information, medium level of scientific orientation, medium level of risk orientation. It also be concluded that majority of the respondents were educated, earning up 6 to Rs.1, 00,000/- to Rs.2, 00,000 annual income and had membership atleast in one organization and high to medium level of innovativeness. 2. It can be concluded that major source of information of respondents were; TV Advertisement, followed by News paper, Magazines, Neighbours, Internet and Friends. 3. It can be concluded majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about Kisan Call Center. 4. It can be concluded majority of the respondents had moderate to strongly favorable attitude towards the use of Kisan Call Center. 5. It can be concluded that annual income, extension contact, source of information, scientific orientation were found significantly and education, innovativeness and social participation were highly significantly correlated with the knowledge of the respondents about Kisan Call Center. 6. It can be concluded that extension contact was found significantly and education, land holding, annual income, innovativeness, social participation, source of information, scientific orientation and risk orientation were highly significantly correlated with the attitude of the respondents towards the use of Kisan Call Center. 7. It can be concluded major constraints as perceived by respondents were, “Kisan Call Center is not providing the information regarding the Seed, pesticide etc. of private agencies” ranked at first position followed by “SMS send by KCC not display in some of the mobile handsets there is no feedback facility in KCC”, “Lack of telephone facility is a problem to the services of KCC” which were ranked at II and III position, respectively. 8. It can be concluded the suggestion “KCC agent should use conferencing system to solve the critical queries” was ranked at first position followed by “The use of technical words should be replaced by local words by Call Center Agent”, “The KCC should also provide the information regarding trusted / approved private agencies working in the field of agriculture”, which were ranked at II and III position, respectively as per the response of the respondents.