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ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Various Potting Mixtures on Germination of Terminalia Bellerica(Forestry Department, Aspee Collge of Forestry and Horticultutre, Gujarat Agricultural University, Navsari, 2006-03) Patel, V. S.; Patil, N. S.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Seed Treatmet with Ga3 and NAA on Growth and yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) (Moench)] Cv. Go-2(Olericulture Aspee College of Horticulture and forestry Gujarat Agricultural Univesity, Navsari, 2002-12) Patel, M.N.; Patil, D. R.The field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2002 at Int structlOnal Farm, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Gujarat Agricultural University. Navsari Campus, Na\'sari to study the effect of seed treatment with GA, and NAA on growth and yield of okra (Abelmo.I'<·hus esculenlu.\· (L.) (Moench) CY. GO-2. The treatments comprised of three concentrations of GAl (15 mgll. 30 mgll and 45 mgll), NAA (10 mgll, 20 mgll and 40 mglll, soaking of seeds in distilled water and control (unsoaked seeds) . The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The results revealed that GA3 at 15 mg/I recorded the highest percentag.e of seed germination, stem girth. number of branches. number of leaves per plant, early tlowcring, fruit girth. fruit length. fruit ,\c!ight fi"uit yield per plant and fruit yit!ld per hectare, while GA~ at ... 5 mg: I found to be beneficial with respect to plant height, number of internodes and inlemodal lenglh . However, GAl at 30 mg/I produced maximum number of fruits per plant. From the economic point of view, NAA 10 mg/l was found to be profitable as compared to rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Diagnosis and Evaluation on Fusari al Wilt of Garmalo (Cassia fistula L.) in Nursery condition(ASPEE Agribusiness Management Institute Navsari, 2015-06) Vasava, Miteshkumar S.; Prajapati, V. M.Garmalo, (Cassia fistula L.) is one of the most important mUltipurpose tree in forest diversity . Diseases are major constraint in production development of healthy in nurseries as they inflict heavy losses. Wilt is one of the major threats in C. fistula seedling in nursery stage. It caused ap'proximately 2S to 44 percent seedling losses in South G uj arat forest • nursenes. Considering the seriousness, the present investigation was carried out. Field survey was conducted in various three • districts of south Gujarat including seven forest nursenes during Oct-Nov 2014 for fusarial wilt. Among the different forest nurseries surved disease was found maximum in Karatha • Forest nursery (75 .00%) . • The symptoms were recorded from local grown in the nursery of College of Forestry NAU, Navsari. Seedling leaves became yellow with initially brown and eventually black streaks in the vascular system. Plants showing severe stunting and initiation of wilting symptoms and at later stage found to be completely wilted. On critical examination. the fungal growth is observed on the roots of the wilting plants. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of micro and macro conidia of F oxysporum with dirty white myce lium . The pathogenicity tests were carried out by soil inoculation, seed inoculation , seed cum soil inoculation and root dip inoculation in plastic pots. All the methods successfully produced typical wilt symptoms similar to those observed under natural condition and described in the literature, confirming pathogenic nature of the fungus. The epidemiological studies showed that soil pH was significantly and negatively correlated with per cent wilt incidence. Among all the soil parameters, soil organic carbon, available potassium and soil EC was found to have no effect on Fusarial wilt disease of Garmalo in different forest nurseries.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Insect Pest Management Module for Eucalyptus Gall Insect Leptocybe Invasa Fisher & Lasalle (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) in Nursery adn young Plantations(Department of Forestry ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry , Navsari Agriculture University, 2009-11) Sharad, Sangode Ekta; Jadeja, I. B.Studies on "Development of insect pest management module for Eucalyptus gall insect Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle, (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in nursery and young plantations" were conducted at Department of Forestry, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry; Nav sa ri Agricultural University, Navsari, during November 2009 to April 2010 to develop control strategies against Blue gum chalcid. The studies were carried out on nursery seedlings and tran s planted seedlings in field as well as on fresh coppice growth of 25 year old trees. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with two treatments viz; treated and untreated plots replicated twelve times. In treated plot, the soil treatment of • chlorpyriphos @ 0.05 % along with a schedule of foliar sprays consisting of imidacloprid- 0.005 % (after 7 days of soil treatment), monocrotophos-0.05 % (after 21 days of I S( foliar spray) and DDVP - 0.05 % (After 15 days of 2nd foliar spray) were applied as a component of the treatment module. In case of nursery seedlings, the initial gall intensity was 0.50 and 0.29 per inch on infested leaves in treated and untreated plots, respectively, which varied non-significantly. It transformed into gall intensity of 0.00 and 2.03 in respective plots at 150 days. In field condition, before application of chemical treatments, it was 0.27 and 0.31 in both the plots. At ISO days, it reached to the level of 0.80 and 2.95 in respective plots. In coppice seedlings, the gall intensity before application of treatments was 14.15 per inch and 14.15 in treated and • untreated plots, which reached to the level of 1.38 and 38.22 at 105 days, respectively. The initial observation based on infestation on seedling basis in nursery was 20.00 and 36.66 per cent in respective plots, which later changed to 3.33 and 100.00 at 90 days! respectively in treated and untreated plots. Whereas, in field condition it was 28.66 and 30.77 per cent respectively. The maximum incidence (78.33) was observed at 135 days and lowest (58.33) at 45 and 105 days in treated plot, whereas in untreated plot, it remained maximum (91.67) at 45 and 60 days and minimum (71.66) at 150 days. In case of coppice shoots, it was 75.0 in both the plots before imposition of treatments, which reached to 45.83 and 100.0 at 75 days in respective plots. Before spray, the leaf infestation in nursery was 13.85 and 5.74 per cent in treated and untreated plots, respectively , which was reduced to 0.0 in treated and maximized to 95.09 per cent in untreated plot at 135 days. In field transplanted young seedlings, the before spray infestation was 6.87 and 7.14 per cent in treated and untreated plots, while it progressed to 48.75 and 100.0 per cent respectively at 150 days. In coppice shoots, before spray, the upper canopy had incidence of 52.91 and 50.01 per cent in treated and untreated plots, respectively. Whereas, at 105 days it became 23.52 and 96.99 per cent in both the plots. Similarly in lower canopy, it remained 59.65 and 58.16 per cent before treatment which transformed into 32.99 and 97.22 per cent, respectively at 105 days. Before the initiation of experiment, the galls in nursery seedlings, young transplanted seedlings and coppice shoots; were located in petiole, midrib and petiole in both the plots, respectively. In post spray observations, in nursery seedlings, galls disappeared steadily in treated plants, whereas in untreated plot, petiole was heavily galled at 90 days. However, in field condition , swelling was on midrib in treated plot, whereas in untreated plot it was in petiole. In case of coppice shoots, it located in petiole in both the plots at each interval. In nursery, field and coppice shoots, the initial gall type was swelling, swelling and gall with presence of exit hole in respective plots. After imposition of treatments in treated plot, • the symptoms type was swelling with disappearance of gall, fully mature gall and gall with exit hole, respectively, while in untreated plot, it transformed into fully mature galls with symptoms of exit hole in nursery , gall with exit hole showing hanging canopy, drooping of branches and heavily galled seedlings in field and coppice shoots . The avoidable crop loss in term of benefit over control in nursery, field and coppice were 59.33, 43.94 and 95.33 per cent, respectively .ThesisItem Open Access Seed source variation in Medicinal Tree - Asadi. achta indica A. Juss. (Neem)(Department of Forestry ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry , Navsari Agriculture University, 2013-07) Parmar, Umesh Kumar Manubhai; Desai, B. SThe present studies on "Seed source variation • In Medicinal Tree - Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem)" was carried out from July 2012 to January 2013 at Model Nursery of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. (South Gujarat Heavy Rainfall Zone - AES III). The investigation incl uded ten treatments in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Seeds from different geographical locations of Gujarat were collected personally from Dahod, Rajpipla, Netrang, Vyara, Junagadh, Amreli, Palanpur, Modasa, Kheda and Navsari regions. Out of the total 10 localities selected 02 (Dahod and Kheda) falls in Central Gujarat, 04 (Vyara, Rajpipla, Netrang and Navsari) falls in South Gujarat, 02 belongs to Saurashtra region of Gujarat (Amreli 'and Junagadh) and 02 localities (Palanpur and Modasa) are in North Gujarat regions. All these ten localities selected exhibits considerable variations in the climatic, topographical and edaphic factors . All the ten localities are assigned a separate treatment as gi ven below T1 - Modasa; T2 - Dahod; T) - Amreli; T. - lunagadh; T5 - Vyara; T 6 - Rajpipla; T 1 - Netrang; T H - Kheda; T 9 - Navsari and T 10 - Palanpur respectively. In all, 10 seed sources were sown with three replications and the sowing media comprised of 2: I: I (Soil: Sand: FYM). The analysis of Azadirachtin and Nimbidin content in seeds was carried out using the method given by Harborne (1983) and Daniel (1992). The Azadirachta indica (Neem) seeds were sown in the polythene bags filled with soil, sand and press mud in the month of July 2012. One seed was sown in each polythene bag of 20 X 30 cm (200 gauges) size. The plants were regularly watered with a rose can. After sowing, following observations were . recorded for finding out variation in Neem seeds collected from 10 different localities.ThesisItem Open Access Soil-atmosphere exchange of N2O and CH4 in forest floor, grass land, rice field and open field(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry ASPEE, College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural Universit, 2016-07) Premjibhai, Gamit Vikaskumar; Prajapati, V. M.Static chambers and the gas chromatography method were used to measure greenhouse gases (GHG) exchange and collected ancillary data (soil WFPS, soil electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and soil pH) in a forest floor, grass land, rice field and open land at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, in the subtropical region of South Gujarat . The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) which included 4 treatments viz., T I : forest floor, T2: grass land, T3: rice field and T4: open land. The experiment included 5 replications. Data were collected from August 2015 to February 2016. During monsoon season soil WFPS (100 %), pH (7.79), and EC (0.65 dSm· l ) were registered maximum in • nce field as compared to other sites under study. However, soil organic carbon (1.14 %) was recorded significantly higher in forest floor when compared to other sites. Moreover, soil N 20 (38.90 flg m·2 h· l ) and CH4 (1.76 mg m·2 h· l ) emission was • registered significantly higher in rice field as compared to other sites. In case of winter season soil WFPS (18.42 %) was reported maximum in Forest floor; pH (7.09) and EC (0.23 dSmI) in grass land and organic carbon (1.10 %) in Forest floor. Moreover, soil N20 emission was registered significantly higher in forest floor (4.41 Ilg m-2 h-I) as compared to other sites. While CH4 was uptake by all sites under study and it was reported maximum in Forest floor (-34.25 Ilg m-2 h- I). Soilatmosphere exchange of N20 and CH4 were positively correlated with soil pH, EC, OC and WFPS. Moreover in winter season forest floor, grass land and open land compensated the emission of CH4 by soil uptake .ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of growth variation and carhon sequestration potential of different species of Bamhoo(Agricultural Botany Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 2016-03) Harishbhai, Amlani Maulik; Tandel, M. B.The present investigation on "Assessment of growth variation and carbon sequestration potential of different species of Bamboo" was carried out at ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, NAU, Navsari. The present experiment comprised of 15 species of bamboo viz. , Dendrocalamus' asper, Bambusa balcooa , Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus stocks ii, Bambusa nutans , Bambusa vulgaris (Green), Bambusa vulgaris (Yellow), Gigantochloa atroviolacea (Java Black . Bamboo), Bambusa bambos, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa polymorpha, Sehizostachyum pergracile, Meloeanna bambusoides, Bambusa jantiana and Schizostachyum dullooa. This experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising of fifteen species of bamboo as treatment and three replications. The observations on various morphological variations, biomass and carbon sequestration were recorded. In case of thick walled bamboos, significantly maximum culm height, clump height, clump girth, fresh weight , of leaves and branches, dry weight of leaves and branches, fresh weight of culm, dry weight of culm, fresh weight of total culm, dry weight of total culm and dry weight of total clump were recorded maximum in (T6 : Bambusa vulgaris (Green». While culm diameter, internodal length, number of culms per clump and leaf width were recorded significantly higher in (T 9 : Bambusa bambos, Til : Bambusa polymorpha, T 8 : Gigantoehloa atroviolaeea (Java Black -bamboo) and T2 : Bambusa baleooa, respectively). The leaf length and leaf area were noted significantly maximum in T2 : Bambusa baleooa. Moreover in case of thin walled bamboos, significantly maximum culm height, clump height, fresh weight of leaves and branches, dry weight of leaves and branches and dry weight of clump were registered in TI4 : Bambusa jantiana . • Whereas culm diameter, fresh weight of leaves and branches, fresh weight of culm, dry weight of culm, fresh weight of total culm and dry weight of total culm were recorded maximum in T 12 : Sehizostaehyum pergraeile. The clump girth, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were noted significantly maximum in Til : Meloeanna bambusoides. The internodal length and number of culms per clump were reported maximum in T I5 : Sehizostaehyum dullooa. The carbon sequestration per culm and clump of thick walled bamboos were recorded significantly maximum in (T 6: Bambusa vulgaris (Green» while in case of thin walled bamboos, significantly maximum carbon sequestration per culm and clump were recorded in T 12 : Sehizostaehyum pergraeile andThesisItem Open Access Soil Attributes in the Protected Area of Vansda National Park, Dangs Under Different Vegetation and Topogrophy(Agricultural Botany Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 2008-08) Abdulhamid, Kazi Abduladil; Kukadia, M. U.The investigation on "Soil attributes in the protected area of Vansda National Park, Dangs under different vegetation and . topography", Dist. Navsari, Gujarat was conducted during the year 2007-08. The investigation was carried out in two experiments: i) Soil physico-chemical attributes under different tree species at various depths and ii) Soil physico-chemical attributes under different topography at various depths. The experiment-l was laid out in FCRD with six treatments viz. To (Nearby agril. land), 1'1 , ' . . (Tectona grandis), 1'2 (Acacia catechu), T3 (Dendrocalamus strictus), 1'4 (Terminalia tomentosa) and Ts (Zizyphus mauritiana) with three replications. The experiment-2 was laid out in FCRD with three treatments viz. Po (Plane area) , PI (Ridge), P2 (Middle hill) and P3 (Foot hill) with three replications. The soil samples were collected from three depths (0-30 , 30-60 and 60-90 cm) in both the experiments. In experiment-I significant reduction in soil pH, E.C., bulk density and particle density was observed under tree species as compared to nearby agricultural land. Maximum reduction in pH, E.C., bulk density and particle density was seen in upper 0-30 cm depth under each tree species. The maximum pH, organic carbon , porosity, water holding capacity and CEC were recorded under Tectona grand is; maximum bulk density, particle density, E.C ., available nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, iron and manganese were detected under Acacia catechu and available zinc and copper were highest under Dendrocalamus strictus. While in experiment-2, water holding capacity, porosity, organic carbon , available nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, iron, manganese, copper and CEC were recorded highest in the soil collected from foot hill. Whereas, avaitable zinc was highest at middte hill. Foot hill area is richer in nutrients content as compared to ridge, middle hill and open field. Soil physico-chemical attributes in reserve forest area are significantly ameliorated by various tree species present in the forest and at apiece topographies as compared to the soils of agricultural land and plane open fields .ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Ocimum Species Under Silvi-Medicinal Agroforestry System in South Gujarat(Silviculture and Agroforestry Aspee College of Horticulture and Forestry Navsari, 2012-05) Hujabhai, Suvera Anilkumar; Thakur, N. S.The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm, AS PEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari in .2011. Four Ocimum species viz., O. sanctum (Sd, O. tenuijlorum (S2), O. basilicum (S3) and O. gratissimum (S4), were cultivated under 2.5 years old karanja (Pongamia pinnata) based silvi-medicinal (Md and sole cropping (Mo) system. Factorial Randomized Block Design (2 x 4) with three replications was used to analyze the data generated. Significantly higher plant height. collar diameter, number of branches and leaves per plant, fresh as well as dry above and below ground and total herbage (panchang) yield. essential oil recovery and oil yield of Ocimum species were recorded under silvi-medicinal systems as compare to sole cropping. Out of four Ocimum species, maximum plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, higher fresh and dry above ground and total herbage yield and oil yield were recorded for O. fenuif]orum. Whereas, maximum collar diameter. below ground fresh and dry A h.'iIrucl herbage yield were recorded for 0. basilicum. Maximum leaf area and higher essential oil recovery was recorded from O. gralissimum. Among intercrops , O. lenuiflorum accrued highest net returns and I3CR from herbage (Panchang) and essential oil irrespective of land use systems. The higher value addition realized due to difference in net returns from essential oil and panchang per hectare was accrued from O. sanctum and O. tenuiflorum. The findings of the study substantiate that integration of Ocimum species under Karanja based silvi-medicinal systems proved benefici a l due to positive tree-crop interface giving higher yie ld. net returns and value addition. Thus , these systems can ensure early returns which can make karanja based tree borne oil seed (TBOs) plantations economically sustainable.