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Master Degree Theses

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Subject: Forest Biology and Tree Improvement ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular variability and Population structure of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.)
    (ASPEE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI, 2016-07) CHAUDHARI, CHINTANKUMAR K.; Jha, S.K
    The present investigation entitled “Molecular variability and Population structure of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.)” was carried out at the Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, (Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Forestry) Navsari Agricultural University (N.A.U), Navsari during the year 2015-2016. To access the molecular variability and population structure of Teak, ten teak populations viz., Vyara, Bhenskatri, Kalibel, Bardipada-A, Bardipada-B, Tapti, Vansda National Park, Dharampur, Chikhli, and Kaparada in three forest divisions of Gujarat (Dang, Valsad and Vyara) were selected. The number of locus amplified by these RAPD primers ranged between 4 (OPD02 and OPF09) to 15 (OPF01). A total of 192 locus amplified out of which 150 (78.13 %) locus were polymorphic. A total of 305 locus amplified out of which 241 locus were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 25 % for OPD02 to 100 % for OPF 06. The average PIC, Effective Multiplex Ratio (EMR), Marker Index (MI) and Resolving Power (RP) per primer obtained by RAPD marker study was 0.27, 4.63, 1.33 and 4.06 per primer, respectively. The number of locus amplified by ISSR primers ranged between 6 (UBC888) to 14 (UBC884). A total of 113 locus amplified out of which 91 (80.53 %) locus were polymorphic. The average PIC, Effective Multiplex Ratio (EMR), Marker Index (MI) and Resolving Power (RP) per primer obtained by ISSR study was 0.27, 4.49, 1.19 and 3.75 per primer, respectively. Overall RAPD showed better result as compared to ISSR. Highest Jacards’s similarity (0.81) and Nei and Li’s coefficient (0.89) observed between Vansada and Dharampur by RAPD analysis. However, highest Jacards’s similarity (0.68) was observed between Tapti and Vansada and Dharampur and Chikhali and highest Nei and Li’s coefficient (0.84) observed between Bhenskatri and Kalibel in ISSR analysis. Overall highest Jacards’s similarity (0.76) and Nei and Li’s coefficient (0.86) was observed between Vansada and Dharampur. Mantel test revealed similarity matrices generated by combined analysis was more correlated to RAPD analysis. Two dendrograms of the accessions were constructed based on the Jacard’s and Nei and Lis coefficient gave exact similar clustering of the ten populations for all three types of analysis. All the population from Valsad Forest division tends to fall in same cluster. Populations from Dang forest division stayed in same cluster except Bardipada-B population. The PCoA results corresponded well with the cluster analysis obtained through UPGMA. Unlike RAPD populations were not divided in different groups as per respective forest divisions in ISSR analysis. The overall polymorphism, observed numbers of allele, effective numbers of allele, Nei’s diversity index (H), and Shannon’s information index (I) as observed in RAPD (78.12 percent, 1.78, 1.47, 0.28 and 0.41, respectively), ISSR (80.53 percent, 1.80, 1.41, 0.25 and 0.39, respectively) and combined analysis (79.02 percent, 1.79, 1.44, 0.26 and 0.39, respectively) for all three forest divisions showed higher molecular variation existing in selected teak populations. All three analyses showed high genetic diversity in three forest divisions of Gujarat. RAPD analysis showed GST value of 0.38, FST value of 0.201 and the gene flow value of 0.89, however, ISSR analysis showed Gst value of 0.35, the Fst value of 0.08 and the gene flow value of 0.94. Overall combined analysis showed Gst value of 0.38, Fst value of 0.157 and gene flow value of 0.82. All the analysis showed higher genetic diversity among the forest division than between the forest divisions. Our results indicate the presence of great genetic variability among teak ten populations from three forest divisions of Gujarat, India. Both RAPD and ISSR markers showed higher polymorphism. The combined analysis of RAPD and ISSR marker grouped population as per their respective forest division (management unit). Over all higher diversity within forest division indicates cautious selection should be implemented while selecting plus tree for establishing of breeding population or seed orchard. More number of trees per population should be selected to capture maximum diversity and realizing better gain since the genetic gain is directly proportional to existing variability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PROVENANCE VARIATION FOR SEED TRAITS, GERMINATION, SEEDLING VIGOUR AND OIL CONTENT IN Calophyllum inophyllum Linn
    (Forest Biology and Tree Improvement Dept., ACHF, NAU, Surat, 2016-06) RAHUL SREEKUMAR; Gunaga, Rajesh P.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STAND STRUCTURE AND INTRA-POPULATION VARIATION FOR SEED AND SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS IN Sterculia urens Roxb.
    (Forest Biology and Tree Improvement Dept., ACHF, NAU, Surat, 2016-04) Bhuva, Dhaval C.; Gunaga, Rajesh P.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    WITHIN AND BETWEEN NATURAL POPULATION VARIATION FOR DRUPE AND SEEDLING TRAITS IN TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)
    (FORESTRY BIOLOGY AND TREE IMPROVEMENT DEPT., ASPEE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, NAVSARI, 2016-05) Dhaka, Ravindra Kumar; Jha, S.K.
    An investigation entitled “Within and between natural population variation for drupe and seedling traits in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)” was carried out in the year 2015-16, in College of Forestry, ACHF, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The study was carried out to access the variation for natural populations and families within population in T. grandis for drupe, germination and seedling characters. Ten teak populations viz., Bardipada-A, Bardipada-B, Bhenskatri, Chikhli, Dharampur, Kalibel, Kaparada, Mandvi, Vansda National Park, and Vyara were selected. Within each natural population ten mother trees were marked for seed collection. From each mother tree, a total of 300 drupes were randomly selected (3 replicates and five set of 20 drupes in each replication) and used for measuring the length, width and weight of drupe and stone characters. Total 100 drupes per replication within each mother trees (total 300 drupes) were sown in 10 X 20 cm polythene bags filled with a mixture of forest soil, sand and FYM (3:2:1) for germination study. Five seedlings per replication from each mother plant (i.e. 15 seedlings in each family and 1500 in each population) were selected at the end of fourth month to measured growth and biomass of seedling. Data were analyses using GLM procedure in SAS and variance component partitioned by VARCOMP procedure. Significant means were compared by LSD at 0.05 %. Result showed that there was significant differences (p<0.0001) among populations and families within population for all the traits observed. The maximum value was observed for drupe length (11.69 mm), drupe width (13.94 mm) and stone length (8.43 mm) in Kalibel population, 100 drupe weight (68.89 g), stone width (10.20 mm), 100 stone weight (50.04 g) and mesocarp weight of 100 drupe (18.85 g) in Mandvi population. Mesocarp thickness was recorded maximum (3.96 mm) in Bardipada-B poplation. However, empty drupe percentage (17.00 %) and empty locule percentage (72.53 %) were lowest in the Mandvi population. Within population variation, maximum variation for drupe length and 100 drupe weight; drupe width; stone length; stone width and 100 stone weight; mesocarp thickness and 100 mesocarp weight were recorded maximum in Vyara, Vansda NP, Bardipada-B, Dharampur, Mandvi and Bhenskatri, respectively. However, maximum variation in empty drupe percentage and empty locule percentage were recorded in Vyara population. Among all the populations, maximum germination percentage (19.37), germination rate index (0.58), mean daily germination (0.28), peak value (0.29) and germination value (0.08) were recorded in Mandvi population. Within population variation, maximum variation for germination percentage, germination rate index, mean daily germination, peak value and germination value were recorded in Bhenskatri. The maximum value was observed for height (14.18 cm) in the Kalibel, collar diameter (3.89 cm) and leaf area (49.39 cm2) in Mandvi and number of leaves (15.65) in the Bardipada-A population. Mandvi population was performed best for number of roots per plant (9.07), root length (32.36 cm) and seedling vigour index (264.66). Within population variation, maximum variation was recorded for height and number of leaves in Mandvi, collar diameter in Bardipada-B, leaf area in Vyara, number of roots in Bardipada-A , root length in Kalibel and SVI in Bhenskatri. Maximum fresh biomass of shoot (2.09 g) was recorded in Kalibel, root fresh biomass (2.10 g) and total fresh biomass (4.07 g) in Mandvi. Maximum dry biomass of shoot (0.88 g) was recorded in Kalibel, root dry biomass (0.76 g) and total dry biomass (1.58 g) in Mandvi. Root: shoot ratio (1.08) and seedling quality index (1.43) were found highest in Bardipada-B population. Within population variation, maximum variation was recorded for shoot fresh biomass in Mandvi, root fresh biomass, total fresh biomass, shoot dry biomass, root dry biomass, total dry biomass and SQI in Dharampur and root: shoot ratio in Bardipada-A population. Most of the drupe morphometric characters were significant and positively correlated to each other except empty drupe percentage and empty locule percentage, where it was found negatively associated with seed dimensions. Among geo-climatic variables, latitude was found significant and positively correlated with 100 drupe weight, stone width and 100 mesocarp weight, while negatively correlated with empty drupe percentage and empty locule percentage. In contrast rainfall had a significant positive association with empty drupe percentage and empty locule percentage. Altitude had significant correlation with drupe length, drupe width and mesocarp thickness. Interclass correlation was found significant and positive among all the germination traits. However, no significant correlation was observed for germination characters with geo-climatic variables except germination value with latitude. All the germination traits were significantly associated with all of the drupe morphometric traits except stone length and mesocarp thickness. However, negative association was observed between germination traits with empty drupe percentage and germination traits with empty locule percentage. All the growth and biomass traits were significantly correlated to each other except number of leaves and leaf area. Seedling growth and biomass traits were nonsignificantly correlated with geo-climatic variables while latitude was found significant and positively correlated with most of growth and biomass traits. Drupe and stone traits showed positive association with growth and biomass characters, however empty drupe percentage and empty locule percentage was showed negative association. Within family variance was higher as compared to the population variance and family variance for all the drupe characters except empty drupe percentage and empty locule percentage where family contributed maximum variance. For growth traits, between population variation was contributed more than between family variation except height and leaf area, whereas biomass characters were highly attributed due to population effect except shoot biomass. Highest family heritability was observed in empty locule percentage (0.94) and empty drupe percentage (0.93) among drupe traits, height (0.84) and SVI (0.81) among seedling growth traits, root dry biomass (0.92) and total fresh biomass (0.80) among biomass traits. Highest genetic gain through population selection was found in empty drupe percentage (13.58 %) among drupe traits, germination value (43.45 %), number of roots (36.92 %), root length (35.20 %), SVI (49.01 %), root fresh biomass (34.00 %), root dry biomass (44.57 %), root: shoot ratio (35.71 %) and SQI (55.61 %) among all the seedling traits, whereas family selection was found effective for improvement in empty drupe percentage (19.67 %) among drupe traits, germination value (40.45 %) among germination traits, SVI (78.42 %) among growth traits, root dry biomass (58.38 %) and root fresh biomass (41.68 %) among biomass traits. From this study it was divulged that there is large variation among populations, families within population and individuals within family. The variation occurred in drupe traits were controlled by natural soil of the site, fruit setting, pollination agents, fruits ripening site on the tree etc., but germination, growth and biomass characters were found strongly under genetic control.