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ThesisItem Open Access Economics of Milk Production in the Urban Area of Gujarat (With Special Reference To Surat city)(Agricultural Economics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 1981-10) Darsi, V. S. Rao; Parmar, G. D.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative Economics of Production of Important Vegetables in Chorayasi Taluka of Surat District(Agricultural Economics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 2004-09) Khatri, Rajendra Thakorlal; Patel, S. KThe present investigation was intended to depict the pIcture of brinjal and cauliflower crop e nterprises in Chorayasi tatuka of Surat district . The study was conducted with a view to examine resource use structure, costs and returns structure, resource productivities and resource use efficiency of vegetable production. The investigation was based on the cross seclianal farm level data obtained by survey method from the sample of 60 farmers, 30 each for brinjal and cauliflower from the selected five villages of Chorayasi taluka of Sural district. The data were obtained for the agriculture year 2003-04. The data on the various aspects of crop production were analysed to work out the estimates of per heL:lare resource use patterns, costs, returns and profitability . The analysis was further extended to work out the resource productivities and resource use efficiencies The find ings of the study showed that the proportion of workers engaged in agriculture was high, particularly in Chorayasi taluka, where, significant proportion of area under vegetable crops followed by frui t crops, jowar and sugarcane crops. The per hectare use level of important inputs viz., human labour, bullock labo ur, seedling, ferti li zers were re latively more in the productIOn of brinjal as compared to cauliflower crop. The highest per hec tare net return obtained from brinjal crop indicated that brinjal cultivation was profitable than the ca ul iflower crop The production function analysis indicated that there existed a variation in the production elasticities of resource inputs among the vegetable crops under study. In general, nitrogen, potass ium fertlhzers and other working capital were the important resource variables positively influencing the crop output. The comparison of marginal value products of resource inputs with their per unit prices ind icated optimum use of resource variables such as nitrogen, potassium and other workmg capital in the production of brinjal crop, while cropped area, bullock labo ur. nit rogen and potassium in case of cauliflower crop. The findings of the study advocates the need for evolution of low cost production technologies. Efforts are needed for dissemi nation of crop production technologies, especially improved seeds. manure and ferti lizers, plant protection, irrigation, etc . for obtaining eCOnoml(; output level on individual farm .ThesisItem Open Access Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Spider Lily in South Gujarat(Agricultural Economics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 2016-07) Kanugade, Varsha Shripati; Makadia, J. J.The present study has attempted to determine economic analysis of production and marketing of spider lily in South Gujarat. Spider lily is the important and popular flowers useful for garland, veni, gajra and stage decoration. South Gujarat is major spider lily growing region of Gujarat. Multistage sampling technique was employed for selection of sample. The study covered 4 taluka, 20 village and 140 spider lily growers from Navsari and Valsad districts. The flower market of Surat and Val sad were selected as these markets are near to production area. The primary data was collected for the agriculture year 2015-16 by personal interview method. The data on area, production etc. were collected from ditTerent secondary sources. The result revealed that, overall per acre cost of cultivation of spider lily was found to ~ 112380, in which major proportion was incurred on human labour, fOllowed by rental value of own land, chemical fertilizer and manures. The study indicated that spider lily was a labour intensive crop as farmers spent the hi ghest share of 31.27 per cent of total cost of cultivation on labour charges. The overall gross return has been accounted to ~ 162861 per acre. On overall basis, per acre farm business income, family labour income, farm investment income, net income and return to management have been estimated to ~ 111929, ~ 80284, ~ 86755, ~ 60698 and ~ 50481, respectively. The return per rupee has been worked out to ~ 1.45 on the basis of Cost C,. The average cost of production per quintal and per thousand bundles of spider lily has been found to ~ 2241 and ~ 1318, respectively. The regression analysis with Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that area of spider lily crop, planting material, irrigation and chemical fertilizer were significantly affected the yield. This indicates the scope to increase the use of these inputs. Economical feasibility test (@ 9 % discount rate) revealed that spider lily crop had higher net present value (~ 181938), Benefit-Cost ratio (1.42:1), Internal Rate of Return (> 145 %) and Pay Back Period (2.12 year) which justified the worthiness of the investment. Two marketing channels were identified for marketing of spider lily flowers in the study area. Channel-I: Producer ->Retailer -> Consumer and Channel-II: Producer-> Village level wholesaler -> Wholesaler cum commission agent -> Retailer -> Consumer. The net price realization for was found higher in Channel-II (~ 3l.l5/kg) as compared to Channel-I (~ 28.45/kg). High wages rate of labour, non-availability of labour in time and difficulties in pest and disease control, inadequate loan supply by the financial institutions and high cost of pesticides were the major constraints faced by spider lily growers in production of spider lily. The major constraint related to marketing of spider lily flowers were high perishability of flower buds, low price of produce, absence of regulated market for flowers, high cost of transportation and high margin of middleman.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on Economics of Bt colton and non-Bt cotton in South Gujarat Region(Deparment of Agricultural Economics, N. M. College Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural Universit, 2012-07) Kotwal, J. N; Leua, K. AThe main object of the present investigation was to study the "Comparative study on Economics of Bt colton and non-Bt cotton in South Gujarat Region". A multi stage random sampling design was used for selecting the sample. The study covered 4 talukas, 16 villages and 160 cotton growers (80 Bt cotton and 80 non-Bt colton) from Bharuch and Narmada districts . The primary data were collected for the kharif season of 2010-2011 by personal interview method . In order to fulfill various objectives of the study, tabular analysis was extensively used . Moreover, Log-linear production function was employed separately to examine the resource use efficiency in Bt colton and non-Bt cotton crops. Chow's-F test used for comparing two regressions, Marginal value products and Marginal factor cost ratios also calculate for the resources used. The major findings of the study revealed there was clearly difference in total cost in both the COIt.on cultivation. The average total cost (Cost C z) per quintal of colton production was to ~ 2613/- for Bt cotton and ~ 3739/- for non-Bt cotton. The expenditure of insecticides/pesticides was more in case of the non-Bt cotton as compared to Bt cotton, non-Bt cotton required ~ 3687 per hectare while Bt cotton required ~ 2456 per hectare. The Bt cotton realized about 59 per cent higher yield from Bt cotton crop as compared to non-Bt cotton. The modified Cobb-Douglas production function analysis techniques were used to estimates revealed that output elasticities of chemical fertilizer and human labour had positive and significant impact on production of Bt cotton, whereas irrigation was negatively significant and negative effect on yield probably because of farmers used excessive irrigation than the recommended levels in both the cotton crops (Bt and non-St). While the area under non-St cotton and manure were significance and positive effect on productivity of non-Bt cotton production. The seed and manure were a significant factor influencing production at I and 5 per cent probability level in pooled production function, respectively. The dummy used for Bt iechnology was significant at I per cent probability level, thus indicating that there was a structural break in the production function due to the introduction of Bt technology in cotton. The Chow's 'F' ratio was found to be significant at I per cent level, that indicating the existence of significant difference in parameters between the Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton production function.ThesisItem Open Access Economics of Sugar Production in South Gujarat Region(Agricultural Economics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 1984-01) Parmar, Pratapsinh Mohansinh; Parmar, P. MThesisItem Open Access Economics of Production and Marketing of Pigeonpea in Bharuch Taluka of Bharuch District(Agricultural Economics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 2004-09) Mistry, Hitendrakumar Harshadbhai; Patel, S. K.The present investigation was undertaken with the specific objectives viz., I) To study the resource use, costs and returns structure In production of pigeonpea, 2) To study the existing marketing practices followed by the fanners, 3) To estimate the marketable and marketed surplus of pigeonpea, 4) To identify the problems In production and marketing of pigeonpea and to suggest remedial measures. The baSIC data obtained from the selected sample fanners by survey method through personal interviews with the help of a specially designed questionnaire The tabular and regression technique were the main tools of analysis. The findings of the study are summanzed as : The study showed that at the overall level, per hectare use of family human labour and hired human labour was found to be 33.80 and 50.40 man days, respectively. The per hectare bullock labour, seeds. chemical fertilizers (P and N), plant protection and manures were 19 15pair days, 15.42 kgs , 9.69 kgs, 6.00 kgs , 2 .76 lit and 2.46 cart loads, respectively . The overall per hectare total cost of cultivation (cost ' C z' ) for pigeonpea was Rs. 16,555. The overall expenditure incurred on cost ' A' , cost ' 8 ' , cost 'C\' is Rs. 8,735 , Rs . 13 ,360 and Rs . 15,050, respectively . The major items of cost of cultivation were human labour (family 1- hired) , bullock labour, rental value of owned land, seeds, plant protection, manures and chemical fertilizers. Overall gross return and net profit were Rs . 27,615 and Rs . 11 ,060, respectively . Per quintal overall cost of marketing for pigeonpea was 66 .96. The major items of cost were commi ssion, transportation charges and packaging charges, etc. It is concluded that the size of lot , place of sale , an agency to whom pigeonpea sold by the sample fanners influenced the average prices received by them . The marketable surplus as well as marketed surplus increase with increase in farm size. It is concluded that the cash requirement of marginal , small farmers are least while those of medium and large farmers are comparatively higher. Therefore , the absolute quantity of marketed surplus has shown positive and direct relationship with size of farms .ThesisItem Open Access Price Structure and marketing of Tur in South Gujarat(Agricultural Economics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 1996-04) Thanki, Prabhudas Madhavjibhai; Parmar, G. D.The study on price structure and marketing of tur in south Gujarat was undertaken during the year 1991-92 with the following objectives : (i) to study the pattern of disposal and marketable surplus of tur (ii) to estimate the marketing cost and net price received by the tur growers under the different purchasing agencies (iii) to study the producer's share in consumer's price in different marketing channels of tur (iv) to study the economics of processing and marketing of turdal (v) to analyse the annual trend, seasonal variation and irregular fluctuation in arrivals and prices of tur. Keeping the objectives in view, 64 tur growers of Bharuch district wer~ selected randomly within eight villages of four talukas. They were further grouped into four major groups viz. marginal (upto 1 ha.), small (1 to 2 ha.), medium (2 to 4 ha.) and large (above 4 ha.). In addition, marketing intermediare viz. village merchants, co-operative societies, wholesalers, pulse millers for tur, wholesalers and retailers for turdal were also interviewed for primary data. The secondary data for six regulated markets were also cOllected. Major Fi OOi ngs The percentage area alloted to tur was related negatively with the size of farms, while production of tur increased with an increase in the size of farm. The yield per hectare was the highest (9.65 qtls.) on large size farms group and the lowest (7.60 qtls.) on marginal size farms group. In terms of percentage, the quantity retained for home consumption was 7.92 per cent for the sample as a whole. The quantity kept for seed and obligation of relatives were 2.46 and 1.0 per cent respectively. The marketed surplus was accounted for about 66.62 per cent of the total production. It was the highest on large size farms group (91.30 per cent) and the lowest on marginal size farms group (61.18 per cent). Majority of tur growers (89.07 per cent) had the marketable surplus in the range upto 12 quintals while only 10.93 per cent farmers had marketable surplus of more than 12 quintals/~Of course, only the medium and larg~ size farm groups were achieved this lev~l of marketable surplus. The regression analysis showed positive and significant impact of production on marketable surplus in case of all the size farm groups. The marginal propensity to sell with re~pect to the production increased with the size of farm. The lorenz curve indicated that the increment in marketable surplus was proportionately less than the increment in area. The most preferred marketing agencies of tur growers were the wholesalers (39.06 per cent), village merchants (35.94 per cent) and co-operative societies (15.63 per cent) whereas only 6.25 per cent of the farmers had sold their produce (11i) in regulated markets. The marketed surplus handled by village merchants was 38.24 per cent while 26.75 and 25.87 per cent was handled by wholesaler and co-operative society respectively and only 7.20 per cent was handled by regulated markets. ThUS • the role played by village merchants, wholesalers and co-operative societies were found dominant as they offered efficient aod quality service to their clients over wholesalers in regulated market and pulse millers. On an average per quintal marketing cost incurred by tur growers was ~. 5.47. It was the highest on marginal Size farms group (~. 6.64) aod the lowest on large size farms group (~. 4.84). The transportation cost was the major component of producer's cost of marketing. There was a considerable variation in the price received by the sampled farmers. The highest percentage of tur growers (23.44 per cent) was in the price range of ~. 1075 to ~. 1125. On an average gross price received by the tur growers was ~. 1087.08 per quintal. The marginal and small size farm groups received less price than that of the mediwn and large size farm groups.The linear regression analysis showed except mediwn size farms group# DO relationship between the price received by the farmers and quantity offered for sale. The cost incurred by the tur growers in marketing of one quintal of tur was the highest (~. 13.41) when tur sold to pulse miller and it was the lowest (~. 2.86) when tur sold to conswners. The net price received by the farmers for one quintal of tur was the highest (~. 1210.58) sale through co-operative societies and it was the lowest (~. 1030.83) sale through village merchants.ThesisItem Open Access Use of Nonparametric Test for the Analysis of Field Experiments in Entomology(Agricultural Statistics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 1984-12) Patel, Pankaj Amritlal; Khatri, T. J.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Border Effect in An Insecticidal Trial on Hybrid-4 Cotton(Agricultural Statistics Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, 1984-12) Patel, Nalinkant Kanjibhai; Khatri, T. J.