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2009 - 20102
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Start date: 2009 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hypoglycaemic effect of fruits of musa AAA (chenkadali) on diabetic rats
    (Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, COVAS, Mannuthy, 2009) Smitha, Kaimal; KAU; Sisiliama, George
    The present study was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract of mature green fruits of Musa AAA (Chenkadali) in alloxan diabetic rats. The effects were also compared with a reference antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide. Adult female Sprague-dawley rats were used for the experiment. Rats were randomly divided into six groups viz. G1 – normal control, G2 – diabetic control, G3 – normal rats administered with the extract (500 mg/kg), G4 and G5 – diabetic rats administered with the extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively), G6 – diabetic rats administered with glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg). G2, G4, G5 and G6 were made diabetic by sub-cutaneous injection of alloxan @ 130 mg/kg body weight. Diabetes mellitus was confirmed on the 8th day of alloxan administration (day 0). Blood samples were collected on day –7, 0, 15 and day 30. Blood samples were also collected on day 21 for the estimation of fructosamine. Body weight was recorded at weekly intervals. Animals were euthanized on 31st day of the experiment. Biochemical parameters viz. haemoglobin, serum glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, fructosamine and ALT activity were estimated. Oxidative damage to liver and pancreas were assessed by estimation of lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione levels in both tissues. Liver glycogen was estimated and weight of liver was noted. Representative samples of liver and pancreas tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. Alloxan administration caused a significant increase in the level of serum glucose, fructosamine, triacylglycerol and cholesterol while a significant decrease was noted in the body weight, weight of liver, haemoglobin and level of liver glycogen. Body weight of diabetic control rats was significantly lesser than all the other groups by 30th day of experiment. Increased level of lipid peroxides, decreased level of GSH and increased activity of serum ALT indicated oxidative injury to the tissues of liver and pancreas. In the diabetic control rats, lesions in the pancreas consisted of scattered necrosis of islet cells, reduction in the cell number, hyalinisation and congestion of acinar capillaries while multifocal diffused haemorrhage, central venous congestion, diffused areas of necrosis and focal coagulation were observed in the liver. Both the doses (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) of the extract were effective in reducing the metabolic derangements and oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. On comparison between the two doses, 500 mg/kg was found to be more effective, especially to increase the level of haemoglobin, reduce blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum ALT and to alleviate the oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing GSH content and decreasing lipid peroxides in tissues of liver and pancreas. Histopathological examination of pancreas and liver of treated groups showed almost normalized histological architecture. The effect of the extract (500 mg/kg) on parameters viz. body weight, triglycerides, ALT, liver lipid peroxides and liver reduced glutathione were comparable to that of glibenclamide whereas, haemoglobin, blood glucose, liver glycogen and GSH and lipid peroxides in pancreas showed better effect than glibenclamide.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hepato-renal pathology with special reference to aflatoxicosis in chicken(Gallus domesticus)
    (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Daly C, Davis; KAU; Mammen J, Abraham
    The present study was undertaken to study the pathology of liver and kidney in chicken under various disease conditions and to find whether aflatoxin residues were present in the liver and kidney of chicken during natural cases of aflatoxicosis. A total of 200 liver and kidney samples having lesions were collected during the period of study after detailed systematic examination of chicken brought for autopsy to the Centre of Excellence in Pathology. Aflatoxin residues in the liver and kidney were determined by Modified Pons method using Thin layer chromatography (TLC) from cases suspected for aflatoxicosis. The conditions associated with hepatic lesions were divided into bacterial diseases, viral diseases, protozoan diseases, nutrititional and metabolic diseases, aflatoxicosis , hepatic congestion and non-specific hepatosis and hepatitis. Among bacterial diseases, colibacillosis accounted for 16 percent, pasteurellosis 5.5 percent and staphylococcosis 0.5 percent. Viral disease, namely Marek’s disease accounted for 21.5 percent. Protozoan disease, histomoniasis accounted for one percent. Nutritional and metabolic diseases namely fatty liver syndrome accounted for 20.5 percent, gout (nine percent) and ascites syndrome (6.5 percent). Aflatoxicosis accounted for two percent, hepatic congestion (11 percent) and non-specific hepatosis and hepatitis (6.5 percent). The percentage incidence of various conditions associated with renal lesions included IBD 38.5 percent, Marek’s disease 21.5 percent, nephroblastoma 0.5 percent , gout nine percent, fatty liver kidney syndrome 3.5 percent, aflatoxicosis 2 percent, vascular disturbances 17 percent and non specific nephrosis and nephritis 8 percent. Aflatoxin residues from the tissues were detected only in two cases, which had aflatoxin contamination in the feed at the rate of 2 and 2.5 ppm.