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2003 - 20092
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Author: Priya, P × Start date: 1996 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seroepidemiology of Bovine Brucellosis
    (Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2003) Priya, P; KAU; Vijayakumar, K
    An investigation was carried out on 1602 cattle and buffaloes of Kerala including 1535 cattle and 67 buffaloes to assess the seroprevalence of brucellosis using serological tests like Rose Bengal plate' test, Standard tube agglutination test, 2-Mercaptoethanol test and Avidin-Biotin ELISA. Sera samples were collected from bovines belonging to different farms, hospitals and households of Kerala covering eleven districts. Samples were collected randomly from animals of different sex, age, breed, gestation, lactation, reproductive performance, management practices and also from slaughter house. Out of the 1602 sera samples tested 15.29 per cent gave positive result for brucella antibodies. Of this cattle showed a seropositivity of 14.72 per cent and buffaloes showed 28.35 per cent seropositivity. Female cattle and female buffaloes showed higher seroprevalence than male cattle and male buffaloes. Bulls and cows aged more than five years showed the highest seropositivity. Among the breeds pure bred Holstein Friesian bulls and crossbred Jersey female cattle showed the highest seroprevalence. Seroprevalence of brucellosis was found higher in pregnant cattle, in late stage of gestation, in pregnant dry animals and also in cows and heifers with the history of repeat breeding. Animals maintained under unorganised farming system, animals from high altitude agroecological region showed more number of positive reactors. Northern zone of Kerala showed more number of positive reactors. Districtwise analysis revealed that animals belonging to Kozhikode district having highest seropositivity and animals from Kottayam and Malappuram districts as zero positives. RBPT, STA T and 2 MET was evaluated for the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy using, A-B ELISA as the 'gold standard'. RBPT was found to have higher sensitivity, predictive value of a negative test and accuracy than STAT and 2 MET and all the three tests found to have 100 per cent specificity and predictive value of a positive test with that of ELISA. It was concluded that RBPT can be used as a preliminary screening test and ELISA as a confirmatory diagnostic test.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation and management of glaucoma in dogs
    (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Priya, P; KAU; Syam, K Venugopal
    The efficacy of various treatments for glaucoma were studied in nine cases. Dogs presented with the ophthalmological complaints were thoroughly examined and eight dogs with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) were selected for the study. Initially medical treatment was given and for those cases which are refractory to medical treatment, surgical treatment was adopted. The medical treatment consisted of a combination of oral administration of carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitors and ocular instillation of beta blockers. The surgical techniques adopted was iridectomy and trabeculectomy. Both performed under general anaesthesia. Parenteral administration of antibiotics, topical instillation of polymyxin-choramphenicol eyedrops, flurbiprofen eyedrops were given on the post operative days. The incidence of glaucoma was 11% among the cases presented with the ophthalmological complaints. The dogs belonged to various breeds like Spitz, Dachshund, Labrador Retriever, Cocker Spaniel and Mongrel dogs of either sex with an average age of 8.61 years( range 3 years to 14 years). The major clinical signs observed were episcleral congestion, corneal oedema, vascularization of cornea, mydriasis, congestion of conjunctival blood vessels and buphthalmos. Medical management with oral administration of carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers effectively reduced the IOP for short term period but in long term management they were ineffective. Panting and gastrointestinal upsets, cardiac arrhythmia were the side effects observed in animals underwent medical therapy. Surgical procedure iridectomy effectively reduced the IOP but the post operative complications like anterior synechiae and corneal oedema limited the success of this technique. Surgical procedure trabeculectomy effectively reduced the IOP without any significant post operative complications and lowering of IOP lasted for more than six months. The advantages of trabeculectomy over iridectomy were greater reduction in IOP with a clear cornea and absence of post operative complication like anterior synechiae.