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2009 - 200912010 - 20111
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Author: Lekshmi, V × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Organic nutrition for soil health and productivity of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2011) Lekshmi, V; Ushakumari, K
    An investigation was carried out at the Instructional farm, attached to the College of Agriculture, Vellayani to evaluate the effect of two enriched composts viz. BM compost and EM compost at different rates alone as well as in combination with two growth promoters viz, Panchagavya and vermiwash on physico-chemical and biological properties of soil and also their impact on crop performance using chilli variety Vellayani Athulya as test crop. The results from the field experiment revealed that the plant growth characters viz. height of the plant at 30, 60 and 90 DAT and primary branches per plant at 90 DAT showed significant variation due to the application of 75% N as BM compost along with Panchagavya. The treatments did not significantly affect the biometric observation, ‘days to 50% flowering’. Significant differences were observed among yield attributing characters viz. number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit weight (g), green fruit yield per (g plant-1), total fruit yield (t ha-1) and total dry matter yield (t ha-1). The treatment T8 (75% N as BM compost + Panchagavya) recorded the highest values for all these characters but it was found to be on par with T7 (75% N as EM compost + Panchagavya). This shows that BM compost can be substituted with EM compost when used along with Panchagavya. With respect to quality characters, the treatment T8 (75% N as BM compost + Panchagavya) registered the highest values for capsaicin, ascorbic acid and shelf life of fruits. However ‘oleoresin’ was not influenced by different treatments. Disease incidence percentage (Colletotrichum fruit rot) was found to be reduced by the treatments with organic sources. The treatment T8 (75% N as BM compost + Panchagavya) reduced the incidence of pests and diseases to a considerable extent. Highest BC ratio also was recorded by the same treatment T8 (75% N as BM compost + Panchagavya). Post harvest analysis of the soil indicated that organic carbon, available macro and micro nutrients pH, EC and microbial load and dehydrogenase activity were increased by the combined application of enriched manures viz. 75% N as BM compost and Panchagavya or 75% N as EM compost and Panchagavya. Bulk density was found to be reduced favourably. From the results it was clearly indicated that 75% N as BM compost and Panchagavya or 75% N as EM compost and Panchagavya was superior to all other organic sources in promoting soil health and yield and quality of chilli.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Endoscopic evaluation of oesophageal and gastric disorders and its management in dogs
    (Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Lekshmi, V; KAU; Devanand, C B
    Endoscopic evaluation of oesophagus and stomach was conducted in seven dogs of either sex, belonging to different breeds and age groups presented to the Veterinary Hospitals of the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy and Kokkali, with the history of reduction in food intake, regurgitation or chronic vomiting. The incidence, clinical signs, haematological and serum biochemical changes, radiographic and endoscopic observations, efficacy of treatment adopted and postoperative management were studied. The incidence of gastro-oesophageal disorders was more in Labrador Retriever and non descript dogs. The age of the dogs ranged from six months to nine years with a mean age of 3.57 + 1.21 years. Gastric foreign body was found in dogs with age six months and two and half years and both of them were female. Megaoesophagus condition was noticed only in male dogs. The body weight of dogs ranged from 12 kg to 38 kg with a mean of 23.14 + 3.34 kg. The prominent clinical signs observed were chronic vomiting, regurgitation or anorexia. Vomitus contained undigested food materials and vomiting was noticed immediately or 10 to 30 minutes after food intake in those dogs suffering from megaoesophagus. Among the dogs examined, four were dull and emaciated. The dogs with gastric foreign body obstruction were active and in good body condition. Pain on palpation of abdomen was observed in the dog with pyloric ulcer and hypertrophy. Palpable mass could be detected in the upper half of the left anterior abdominal region in one dog with gastric foreign body obstruction. The physiological, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were within normal range in all the animals prior to endoscopic evaluation and on eighth day of initiation of treatment. Serum T4 estimation revealed hypothyroidism in two cases of megaoesophagus. The different conditions included gastric foreign body obstruction (2), pyloric ulcer along with hypertrophy (1) and megaoesophagus (4) and were diagnosed by radiographic (plain and contrast) and endoscopic examination. Foreign bodies were retrieved by endoscopy, pyloric ulcer and megaoesophagus were treated medically. In a non-responsive condition of megaoesophagus due to stricture of cardia, cardiomyotomy was performed as surgical treatment. Postoperatively the animal was managed by fluid therapy for three days and antibiotic for seven days. The skin sutures were removed on 10th postoperative day. On 15th day, endoscopic evaluation revealed ulcerations on the distal third of oesophageal mucosa due to gastro-oesophageal reflux. Administration of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and oxethazine preparation orally for a week could give favourable result. The appropriate treatment measures adopted viz. endoscopic, medical and surgical were satisfactory to obtain substantial cure from the conditions in all the dogs and the results of treatments were evaluated endoscopically.