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19897
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Author: KAU × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1989 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative study of genotype environment interactions in sesame
    (Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Mini, C J; KAU; George, K C
    The present study has been conducted to choose a consistent variety for all the regions and all seasons in the light of genotype-environment interaction with the following objectives. (i) to evaluate the existing techniques available for studying GE interaction in sesame (ii) to develop new concepts and methods to solve some problems peculiar to crop sesame like non-linearity of interactions, non-orthogonality of data and different patterns of genotype-environment (GE) interactions that are encountered while studying the stability of varieties simultaneously for several traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of buprenorphine , pentazocine and xylazine analgesia on ketamine anaesthesia in dogs
    (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Usha, P T A; KAU; Rajagopalan, N K
    The experiments were conducted in three different parts. In the first part of the experiment the ED50 of the three drugs namely buprenorphine, pentazocine and xylazine was determined using the analgesiometer (tail flick method) in rats and tail clip method in mice. The ED50 of buprenorphine in rats and mice was 0.25 + 0.084 mg/kg and 0.9827 + 0.0751 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The ED50 of pentazocine in rats was 32.60 + 0.071 mg/kg and in mice 48.50 + 0.323 mg/kg. The ED50 of xylazine for analgesia in rats and mice was 1.424 +0.229 mg/kg and 7.523 + 0.47 mg/kg respectively. In the second part of the experiment the influence of buprenorphine, pentazocine and xylazine analgesia on ketamine anaesthesia in dogs were studied. Twenty – four animals divided into four groups (A(K), B(X-K), C(B-K) and D(P-K) were administered with ketamine (20 mg/kg), xylazine (2 mg/kg) plus ketamine (15 mg/kg), buprencrphine (0.03 mg/kg) plus ketamine (15 mg/kg) and pentazocine (2 mg/kg) plus ketamine (15 mg/kg) respectively. The sternal recumbency time, clinical signs, duration of anaesthesia, regaining of sternal recumbency time, mean standing time, total recovery time and haemogram were studied. The sternal recumbency time was minimum in xylazine administered group. Untoward reactions like salivation and rigidity of the muscles were observed in groups A(K) and D(P-K). There was significant reduction in rectal temperature in all the groups. The pulse rate was elevated in group A(K) and depressed in group B(X-K), while a transient increase followed by decrease showed in group C(B-K) and D(P-K) . Respiratory depression was observed in groups C(B-K) and D(P-K). Average duration of anaesthesia was maximum in group B(X-K) while all other groups showed almost similar durations of anaesthesia. The time for regaining of sternal recumbency was also maximum in group B(X-K), then the groups A(K), C(B-K) and D(P-K) respectively. Mean standing time was maximum in group B(X-K). The rest of the groups followed the same pattern as above. The total recovery time was maximum in group C(B-K), then group B(X-K), A(K) and D(P-K) respectively. The study of haemogram showed that, the haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte counts decreased at 30 min. after drug administration in groups A(K) and B(X-K) while there was no significant variation in group C(B-K) and D(P-K). The group D(P-K) showed a significant reduction in leucocyte count, while there were no variations in other groups observed. In the third part of the experiment the reversal of anaesthesia using the 2 blocker yohimbine was studied. Twenty-four animals divided into four groups (E,F, G and H) were administered with the same drugs as in the second part of the experiment. Along with that yohimbine (0.25 mg/kg in group E, G and H and 2 mg/kg in group F) was administered 15 min. later. The groups E, F, G and H were designated as K-Y, X-K-Y, B-K-Y and P-K-Y respectively. Uptoward effects exhibited after yohimbine administration were salivation, panting and hyperaesthesia during recovery. Rectal temperature, pulse and respiration were increased in all the groups. The duration of anaesthesia, regaining of sternal recumbency time, mean standing time and total recovery time were significantly reduced in group F(X-K-Y), while there was no variation in the above parameters in group E(K-Y). Only the total recovery time significantly reduced in group G(B-K-Y) and prolongation of standing time and total recovery time was observed in group H(P-K-Y). The haematological changes noticed in the second part of the experiment were completely reversed by yohimbine.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Experimental selenosis in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1989) Jayakumar, K M; KAU; Aleyas, N M
    Experimental studies were conducted on six calves keeping two as control by oral administration of sodium selenite at the rate of 1.0 mg/kg body weight thrice a week over a period of 24 weeks. Visible signs of toxicity were noticed only from week 13 onwards in experimental animals. The clinical toxicologic signs recorded were anorexia, cachexia, incoordination of gait, increased pulse and respiratory rates, pale and watery mucous membrane, subnormal temperature, cold and clammy skin, lacrimation and respiratory distress followed by recumbency and death. Laboratory evaluation of plasma protein, plasma vitamin A, haemoglobin (Hb), volume of packed red cells (VPRC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and ascorbic acid level in the blood were carried out at weekely intervals. Since visible signs of toxicity were observed from week 13 onwards, the parameters studied were divided into 2 sets; Ist to 12the weeks (first half) and 13th to 24th weeks (second half) for statistical evaluation of data. In experimental animals, significant reduction was observed only in respect of plasma vitamin A (P < 0.01), ascorbic acid level in blood (P < 0.01) and TEC (P < 0.05) during the first half, whereas all the parameters studied showed significant fall (P < 0.01) in the second half. The mean values of plasma protein, plasma vitamin A, haemoglobin, VPRC, TEC, TLC and ascorbic acid level in the blood in experimental animals were 7.53 + 0.09 g/dl, 30.07 + 0.59 µg/dl, 10.28 + 0.11 g/dl. 29.68 + 0.34 %, 5.16 + 0.4 mill.,/cmm, 7243.06 + 66.2 cells/cmm and 223.12 + 3.46 µg/dl respectively. The corresponding values in the control group were 7.77 + 0.07 g/dl, 32.29 + 0.48 µg/dl, 10.08 + 0.06 g/dl, 30.58 + 0.38 %, 5.42 + 0.09 mill./cmm, 7000 + 168.52 cells/ cmm and 274.38 + 1.41 µg/dl. During the second half, the mean values of the above parameters in experimental group were 6.30 + 0.13 g/dl, 22.56 + 0.38 µg/dl, 8.31 + 0.16 g/dl, 25.09 + 0.49%, 4.82 + 0.03 mill./cmm, 5905.62 + 94.14 cells/cmm and 162.32 + 4.8 µg/dl and in the control group were 7.29 + 0.04 g/dl, 32.29 + 0.48 µg/dl, 10.43 + 0.09 g/dl, 31.08 + 0.54 %, 5.58 + 0.09 mill./cmm and 7066.69 + 124.67 cells/cmm and 275.21 + 1.17 µg/dl. The gross and microscopic pathology of internal organs in experimental animals revealed that liver is the primary organ affected followed by kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract and brain. The pathological lesions noticed in the liver were focal haemorrhages, fatty degeneration, centrilobular necrosis and varying degree of fragmention of hepatic cells with congestion and dialatation of capillaries. The lesions in the kidney were focal areas of degeneration, medullary haemorrhages, tubular necrosis, cloudy swelling and fatty changes. Varying degree of degeneration, necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration and replacement fibrosis were observed in the cardiac muscle. Changes noticed in the gastrointestinal tract were oedema, focal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis of the mucosal and submucosal layers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and pathology of necrosis of extremities in cattle
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Xavier, C J; KAU; Maryamma, K I
    A study on the prevalence and pathology of necrosis of extremities in cattle was conducted. It was found that the disease was more prevalent in buffaloes than in white cattle. The chief clinical manifestation was necrosis of tail. A close association between mouldy paddy straw and the disease syndrome was observed. Animals observed during the study were found to be free from systemic disturbances.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Divergence analysis of morphological and quality traits in sugarcane
    (Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Santhi, T E; KAU; Saraswathy, P
    Multivariate analytical techniques are found to be very useful in plant breeding research to explain the influence of various factors on the phenomenon under study. Factor analysis is found to be an appropriate tool to identify the factors of genetic divergence. D2 – analysis is helpful to group the divergent genotypes into various clusters when measurements on a number of related characters are available on a large number of genotypes such that the genotypes within a cluster are homogeneous with respect to these characters and heterogeneous between the clusters. The present study is aimed at identifying the factors of divergence in relation to morphological and quality traits in forty eight clones of sugarcane. The fifteen clones T.67172, Co.7717, Co.419, Coc.779, Co.7219, Coc.777, Ic.225, Co.6304, S - 99, Coc.773, Coc.772, Co.62198, Co.62101, Coc.778 and S – 77 are able to group into one cluster. Four more clusters are able to form respectively with five varieties (Co.658, Co.62175, S – 105, Co.6907, Co.995) in the second cluster, nine (F.1 – 2, Co.62174, S – 87, KHS 3296, Coc. 671, Co.7704, Co.785, CoM.7114, CoM.7125) in the third, seven (Co.6807, Co.1340, Co.527, S – 33, Co.6806, B. 37172, Co. 527 – M – 10) in the fourth and four varieties (Co.1307, CoA.7602, Coc.705, Co.453) in the fifth cluster. The remaining clones are not able to group. Among these clusters are utilized for factor analysis. A factor related to quality is extracted as the first factor in all the three clusters. The characters pol at 12th month, C.C.S. percentage, brix at 12th month, purity percentage and sugar yield per plot dominated this factor. Among these characters pol at 12th month, C.C.S. percentage and brix at 12th month are found to be more amenable to changes due to selection. The second factor is identified by the characters cane yield per plot, shoot count germination count and number of millable canes. Apart from these characters weight of cane is also included in this factor in cluster 1. The characters which are more amenable to change due to selection are cane yield per plot and shoot count. The characters are not common in the remaining four factors. These six factors are able to explain 66.84 percent, 79.44 percent and 87.41 percent of variation respectively in the first, third and fourth cluster.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on non-specific anorexa in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Baby, P G; KAU; Alikutty, K M
    Non – specific anorexia as a peculiar clinical syndrome in cattle was observed for the last one and a half decades in Kerala. Sample survey on the incidence of this syndrome was conducted through the selected veterinary hospitals in the field and of the Kerala Agricultural University. During the period of 1978 – 1982, anorexia syndrome in cattle constituted 10.95 per cent of the total and 32.30 per cent of their digestive disorders. The incidence of the syndrome was also noted high during the months of November to April every year. Ten apparently healthy cattle maintained under identical conditions of feeding and management at the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy were selected at random and used as the control animals (Group I) for this study. Twenty selected clinical cases of non – specific anorexia presented at the University Hospital, Mannuthy were divided into groups of ten each (Group II and GroupIII) and utilized for these investigations. Course of the disease was followed and samples of rumen liquor and blood were collected and analysed on the first, third and fifth days of their admission in the clinic. Inappetance, mucopurulent nasal discharge, dryness of the muzzle, followed by peeling of its epithelium, constipation or diarrhea, weakness, emaciation and also marked reduction in milk yield in the lactating animals were the clinical manifestations noted in the affected animals. Their rectal temperature was normal, pulse weak and rapid, respiration normal but sometimes labored and visible mucous membranes were pale or became icteric in the later stages of the disease. Rate of rumen motility was reduced and feeble in strength with rumination remaining suspended. Animals of group II were given conventional therapy comprising oral administration of alksline stomachics. Animals of group III were given 25 per cent dextrose solution and vitamin B – complex with liver extract parenterally and stomachics orally on the first, third and fifth days of their admission in the clinic. Rumen liquor of animals of groups II and III was light yellow, olive green or greenish in colour, aromatic / offensive in odour and thick/thin in consistency on the first day of observation. Protozoal motility was poor (+) to vigorous (+++) and sedimentation activity time was prolonged significantly on the first day. The mean pH of the rumen Liquor of these animals was not significantly different from that of the healthy group. Increase in the ammonia nitrogen level and decrease in total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor observed on the first day were significant. Blood glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in the serum were changed significantly in animals with non – specific anorexia. Significant changes observed in the above parameters in group II animals were further enhanced on third and fifth days of observation. In group III animals, a decrease in the ammonia nitrogen level and increase in the total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor observed on the third and fifth day of admission in the clinic was statistically significant. Blood glucose, albumin – globulin ratio in the serum were also increased significantly in group III animals on fifth day. Following modified line of therapy the animals of group III became normal within three to five days. Clinical improvement was indicated by increased appetite, revival of rumen motility and rumination and also increased milk yield in the lactating animals. Decrease in the ammonia nitrogen level and increase in the total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor of group III animals were significant on fifth day of therapy. Increase in blood glucose, albumin, albumin ratio in the serum were also found to be statistically significant on the fifth day. The changes in the blood glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and albumin – globulin ratio in the serum indicated hepatic insufficiency possibly responsible for the anorexia developed in the diseased animals. The modified line of therapy was found to be superior to conventional therapy for the clinical management of non – specific anorexia in cattle.
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    Prevalence and pathology of hypothyroidism in cattle
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Ratnakumar, J N; KAU; Rajan, A
    A random survey study conducted employing serum T4 as a marker, in Cannanore, Trichur, Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala indicated that hypothyroidism was one of the major aetiological factors responsible for non – infectious reproductive disorders in cattle. The mean value of T4 observed in clinically healthy cattle was 4.8727 + 0.1209 µg/dl. In conditions like infantile genitalia, the mean T4 value was 3.5617 + 0.1089 µg/dl and in anoestrum cases, the mean T4 level was 3.6913 + 0.1136 µg/dl. These observations emphasized the need to estimate the serum thyroxine level of cattle, in non – infectious reproductive disorders to exclude hypothyroidism as a causative factor. The goitrogenic effect of cassava was assessed employing broiler rabbit as the experimental model. The experimental design included three groups of twelve rabbits each. One group (T2) was fed cassava flour at the rate of 25% in the diet for six months. Another group (T3) was administered propyl thiouracil at the rate of 1 mg/day/animal for a period of six months. A group (T1) of twelve rabbits was kept as control. Body weight of rabbits at fortnightly interval was recorded. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed at the second, fourth and sixth month. At the time of slaughter, fur weight, serum T3, T4 levels, serum cholesterol, blood sugar, haemoglobin, ESR, total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, were estimated. Also relative weight of the thyroid, adrenal, testes and ovaries were recorded. Detailed autopsy was performed after the slaughter of the rabbits. Appropriate samples of tissues from liver, kidney, spleen, testis, ovary, heart, thyroid and adrenal were collected for histopathological examination. Rabbits fed cassava showed changes only after a period of four months. They registered an increase in the body weight and reduction in fur weight, by the end of six months. Normocytic hypochromic anaemia, hyperchloesteraemia, low T3, T4, increase in the relative weight of the thyroid gland were also observed by the end of six months. Histologically the thyroid gland showed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the follicular epithelial cells and depletion of colloid at the end of six months. Rabbits fed cassava did not show any changes in the testis and ovary. However, the changes in the rabbits fed cassava were minimal when compared to the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. In the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits, there was progressive reduction in body weight and fur weight from the second month onwards. Bilateral alopecia on the ventral side of the belly, base of the ear and around the eyes were observed in them. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia, hypercholesteraemia, low T4, T3 levels, and low blood sugar were very much significant in propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. The thyroid glands were very much enlarged and conspicuous. Histologically, the thyroid follicular epithelial cells exhibited predominant hyperplastic changes and varying degrees of degeneration along with significant depletion of colloid. Microscopic picture of the testes in propyl thiouracil fed rabbits showed degenerative changes, with no evidence of spermeogenesis. Also the ovaries showed degenerative changes in the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. From the study it was concluded that cassava flour, although, a mild goitrogen can be advantageously fed to broiler rabbits at the level of 25% in the ration without causing undesirable effects.