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1990 - 20002
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Author: KAU × Author: Parvathy, S × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Determination of constants in uniform flow formula for small discharges in open channels
    (Department of Land and Water Resources and Conservation Engineering, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, 1990) Parvathy, S; KAU; George, T P
    An attempt was made to find out the constants in the general uniform flow formula for small discharges less than 10 1/s in cement lined and earthen channels. These constants were compared with the constants in the well known and widely used uniform flow formulae such as Manning’s and Chezy’s equation and checked their validity for small channels. Experiments were conducted for different discharges varying from 1 to 9 1/s and for different slopes of 1/2000, 1/3000, 1/4000 and 1/5000 in cement lined and earthen channels. With the help of a computer, analysis was made to establish a relationship between velocity v, hydraulic radius R and slope S. The expirical equation obtained are In cement lined channel V = 9.199 R0.7591 S0.1103 i.e. V = 1/0.1087 R0.7591 S0.1103 In earthen channel V = 47.2286 R0.844 S0.307 i.e. V = 1/0.0212 R0.844 S0.307 From the comparison of actual velocity with velocity obtained by using Manning’s equation, it was found that Manning’s equation was not applicable to small channels having discharges less than 10 1/s. In both the channels, actual velocity was roughly two times greater than the Manning’s velocity. The average ratio of actual and computed velocity using the best fit equations and the coefficient of determinations in the two cases were near unity. Hence the best fit equations obtained in the study are recommended for the design of small channels. Manning fixed the value of exponent of S as 0.5 based on some theoretical assumptions. So it was decided to find the value of n and the exponent of R in both the channels by fixing the value of exponent of S as 0.5. The equations obtained are In cement lined channel V = 1/0.00428 R0.7827 S0.5 In earthen channel V = 1/0.00408 R0.8696 S0.5 These equations were good but their reliability were less than that of the previous equations.Since Manning’s equation is an university accepted form, comparison was made between the recommended n values and the n values obtained in the study by fixing the value of exponent of R and S as 0.67 and 0.5 respectively. The equations obtained are In cement lined channel V = 1/0.00609 R0.67 S0.5 In earthen channel V = 1/0.00778 R0.67 S0.5 Though the reliability of these equations were comparatively less than the earlier cases, it gave reasonably good results. So these equations are also recommended for the design of small channels with different n values for cement lined and earthen channels. Chezy’s constant C was determined from the best fit equations by fixing the value of exponent of R and S as 0.5. The equations obtained in two channels are In cement lined channel V = 94.91√RS In earthen channel V = 74.771√RS These C values obtained are recommended for the design of small channels in Chezy’s equation than the C values obtained from Manning’s and Kutter’s equations using Manning’s recommended n values. Soil in which earthen channel was constructed was classified based on texture. Since the soil was sandy loam, the best fit equation obtained in earthen channel is applicable only for sandy loam soil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Participation of women in agricultural development programmes under people`s plan in Thiruvananthapuram district
    (Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2000) Parvathy, S; KAU; Sobhana, G
    The study entitled Participation of women in Agricultural Development Programmes under People's Plan in Thiruvananthapuram district was undertaken to study the extent of participation of women in planning implementation, monitoring and evaluation of Agriculture Development Programmes in People's Plan, perception of women about People's Plan campaign attitude of women towards People's Plan programme and and to identify the constraints as perceived by women and women office bearers while undertaking this programme. The study was conducted in eight grama panchayath of Thiruvananthapuram district selected randomly. A sample of two hundred respondents were selected using a mu l t i s t ag e random sampling. Data were collected through well structured and pretested interview schedule. Majority of rural women (64.37%) had medium extent of participation in planning while 67.57 per cent office bearers had high participation in planning. Great majority of rural women (98.7%) were low in their participation in implementing and majority (67.50%) of women office bearers were in high participation category. Around fifty two per cent of rural women having low level of participation in monitoring and evaluation while bearers extension orientation, achievement motivation, training and leadership propensity had positive significance with their perception. Annual income, economic motivation, innovation prone- ness. achievement motivation, training of rural women had positive and significant relationship with their attitude toward People's Plan. No variable was significantly correlated with attitude of office bearers about People's Plan. With respect to extent of participation of rural women revealed that economic motivation innovation proneness achievement motivation, training, level of aspiration, mass media participation leadership propensity and self confidence was significantly related to extension orientation, achievement motivation, training and leadership propensity had positively significant relationship with perception of women office bearers. Leadership propensity, annual income and self- confidence had positive and significant relationship with extent of participation of women office bearers. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that economic motivation, leadership propensity, training, extension orientation, mass media participation, annual income, level of aspiration, political orientation, age and self confidence contributed 36 per cent of variation in perception of women while in case of office bearers 63 per cent of variation in perception was contributed by variables like achievement motivation, extension orientation, leadership propensity and education. innovation proneness, Variables like economic motivation and selfconfidence contributed only 15 per cent variation in the attitude of women whereas occupation, economic motivation, innovation proneness, achievement motivation and leadership propensity contributed 16 per cent variation in the attitude of women office bearers. Twenty five percentage variation in extent of-participation of rural women in ADPs under pp was explained by economic motivation, achievement motivation, training, leadership propensity and selfconfidence and in case of women office bearers variables like marital status, innovation proneness, achievement motivation, training, level of aspiration, leadership propensity, and self confidence contributed 65 per cent variation in extent of participation. The important constraint perceived by rural women was political interference in the selection of beneficiaries under People's Plan Campaign and that of women office bearers was non involvement of all members in implementing the programme. Spearman's rank order correlation revealed that there was no agreement with rural women and women office bearers in the order of ranking.