Loading...
Theses
Browse
2 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Breeding brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for resistance to brinjal shoot and fruit borer(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2021) Neeraja, Puthiamadom; KAU; Jiji, JosephBrinjal shoot and fruit borer is one of the most devastating pests of brinjal. It is a major bottle neck in the cultivation of egg plant. Identification of resistant sources and transfer of these genes into the high yielding varieties is an important step in mitigating the damage caused by this pest. Keeping the above facts in view, the present investigation entitled “Breeding brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for resistance to brinjal shoot and fruit borer” was taken up in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics from Sept 2017- April 2021. Thirty one accessions belonging to eight different species of Solanum were evaluated in the field for resistance to brinjal shoot and fruit borer during Aug- Nov 2018. The treatments showed significant difference for all the characters studied. The highest number of primary branches was observed in IC618034 belonging to S. virginianum and the lowest number was observed in IC618035 belonging to Solanum melongena. Infestation of shoots by borer started nearly 7th week after transplanting. The number of damaged shoots was highest in Surya. The per cent shoot infestation ranged from 0 to 75 per cent. The wild accessions were resistant to brinjal shoot and fruit borer and only the melongena lines exhibited considerable damage. The extent of per cent fruit damage ranged from 0 per cent in the wild accessions to 64.67 per cent in Arka Neelkanth. Yield per plant and marketable yield per plant was highest in Vengeri. Based on the observation from the screening experiment conducted during August –November 2018, eleven accessions were evaluated further for a confirmatory screening during March- July 2020. As there was considerable infestation by borer, artificial inoculation was not carried out. There was significant difference among the treatments for the characters studied. Highest yield per plant and marketable yield per plant was observed in Vengeri. Lowest yield was observed in IC624241 and IC624239. Yield loss was highest in Ponni and lowest in IC624239. The resistance index developed by Mishra et al. (1988) was followed to classify the accessions. The accessions IC618035, IC618044, IC624241, Arka Kusumkar and Vengeri were graded as resistant (1-10 %) with respect to per cent shoot damage. Based on the extent the of fruit damage, the accessions IC618035, IC618044 and IC624239 and Arka Kusumkar were graded as moderately resistant (11-20%). IC624241 and Vengeri were graded as resistant (0-10%). Haritha, Surya, Arka Keshav, Ponni and Arka Neelkanth were graded as highly susceptible (>40 %). The biophysical, anatomical and biochemical basis of resistance was elucidated in the selected accessions. Trichomes in Solanum sps. were stellate in shape with six trichome strands forming one asterisk. Trichome density on calyx was negatively and significantly correlated with shoot damage while trichome density on leaf was positively and significantly correlated with shoot damage. Pericarp thickness, fruit breadth, total sugar content and total nitrogen content were positively and significantly correlated with per cent fruit damage. Total phenol content showed a significant negative correlation with the per cent fruit infestation. The resistant lines IC618035, IC618044, IC624241, Arka Kusumkar and Vengeri were characterized by thick epidermis and cuticle, dense and compact cortex and cambium, well developed vascular bundles and small pith. IC618044, IC624241, IC618035, Arka Kusumkar and Vengeri falling under the resistant and moderately resistant category were selected as testers to cross with highly susceptible lines Haritha, Ponni and Arka Neelkanth. The twelve hybrids and parents were screened in the field along with the hybrid ‘Neelima’ as check during Dec 2020- April 2021 to check the per cent infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer. On the basis of per cent fruit infestation the hybrids Haritha x JRPH IC624241 and Ponni x IC624241 were graded as immune. Haritha x IC618044, Haritha x IC618035, Ponni x IC618035 and Ponni x Vengeri were graded as resistant. The hybrids Haritha x Vengeri , Haritha x Arka Kusumkar, Ponni x IC618044 and Neelima were graded as moderately resistant. Ponni x Arka Kusumkar was graded as tolerant. The hybrid Arka Neelkanth x IC618035 Arka Neelkanth x IC618044 were graded as highly susceptible. L x T analysis revealed that Vengeri can be considered as a good combiner with respect to per cent shoot damage, yield per plant and marketable yield per plant. While Arka Kusumkar is a good combiner with respect to number of fruits per plant, number of damaged fruits and per cent fruit damage. Among the lines, Ponni can be considered as a good combiner in terms of yield and marketable yield. Ponni x Vengeri can be considered to be superior as it exhibited high positive heterosis over the mid parent, better parent as well as the commercial check for yield as well as marketable yield and high negative heterosis for per cent shoot and fruit damage. Almost all the hybrids exhibited negative heterosis for per cent shoot and fruit damage. Ponni x Vengeri was ranked as ‘one’ on the basis of organoleptic evaluation conducted with a panel of ten judges. DNA fingerprinting of the superior F1 hybrids and the respective parents done using nineteen ISSR markers revealed that Arka Neelkanth was unique in a way that it produced 10 bands for UBC 836. Comparing other hybrids highest number of bands for UBC 868, UBC 816, UBC 836 and ISSR 08 were produced by Arka Neelkanth. UBC 826 was used to identify bands common in hybrids and parents in Haritha x IC618044, Haritha x Arka Kusumkar, Ponni x Arka Kusumkar and Arka Neelkanth x IC618044. The bands similar in parents and hybrids were identified in all the hybrids except Ponni x IC624241. Superior hybrids viz., Ponni x Vengeri, Ponni x Arka Kusumkar and Haritha x Vengeri can be evaluated further. Mapping populations can be developed from the segregating generations to develop functional markers for resistance to brinjal fruit and shoot borer.ThesisItem Open Access Breeding biology and cross compatibility of close wild relatives of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Neeraja, Puthiamadom; KAU; Presanna Kumari, K TThe present study entitled “Breeding biology and cross compatibility of close wild relatives of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during 2014 – 2016. The objective of the study was to elucidate the reproductive biology of the related wild species of brinjal and to ascertain their cross compatibility with the cultivated species. Four wild species variants of Solanum viz., viarum, gilo, incanum and indicum, collected from NBPGR, RS, Vellanikkara along with S. melongena varieties Haritha and Surya formed the material for the study. These genotypes were evaluated for various vegetative, floral and fruit characters following the descriptor developed by IPGRI (1988) and clustering was done. Study of the reproductive biology revealed that flowering was profuse in S. viarum, S.incanum and S. gilo. However S. indicum did not flower during the entire experiment period and hence could not be utilized in the programme. The flowers of Solanum species were found to be positively geotropic with a floral formula of ♀∕K(5)C(5)A(5)G(2). In all the species evaluated, flowers were pedicellate, zygomorphic, bisexual and complete. Irrespective of species, long, medium and short styled flowers were observed. However, the frequency of medium styled flowers were very low. Unlike in the case of S. gilo and S. melongena variety Haritha, a change in colour of the corolla was observed in S. viarum, S. incanum and S. melongena variety Surya on the day prior to anthesis. The time of anther dehiscence was found to vary with the species. The pollen grains dehisced nearly two to five hours after flower opening in S. viarum and S. incanum. However, in the cultivated varieties, Haritha and Surya, anther dehiscence commenced along with the opening of flowers. Among the different species protandry was observed only in S. gilo. The dehiscence continued for three days in all the species. Irrespective of species, pollen grains were remained fertile for three days. The change in the colour of the stigmatic surface from glossy green to deep yellow, at the time of initiation of stigma receptivity was a unique feature of S. gilo. In all the other wild species of Solanum as well as the cultivated varieties Haritha and Surya, the colour of the stigmatic surface was glossy green at the time of receptivity. The colour was found to fade with the decline in receptivity. Studies to assess the mode of pollination revealed that cross pollination is the rule in Solanum species. Cross compatibility studies were undertaken between the three wild species which flowered and the two cultivated types under S. melongena. Among the twelve crosses attempted, Surya x S. viarum, S. viarum x Surya, Surya x S. incanum, Haritha x S. incanum, S. incanum x Haritha, S. viarum x Haritha were the successful ones. Out of these, the progeny of three crosses viz., Surya x S. viarum, S. viarum x Surya and Surya x S. incanum established in the field. The progeny of the cross Surya x S. viarum was found to be superior with respect to fruit weight as well as absence of prickles on leaf and fruit pedicel. Even though one of the parents of this cross, Surya was susceptible to most of the common pests and diseases of brinjal, no incidence of pests and diseases was noticed in the progeny population
