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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: Unnikrishnan, K × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of plate osteosynthesis for the management of long bone fractures in dogs
    (Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Unnikrishnan, K; KAU; Sarada Amma, T
    Effectiveness of bone plating in the treatment of long bone fractures in dogs confirmed by radiography was evaluated clinically and radiographically in eight dogs. Dogs with fractures of diaphysis of long bones confirmed by radiography were selected and subjected to bone plating. Selected dogs were subjected to preoperative evaluation and all of them were subjected to detailed clinical, radiological, haematological and serum biochemical evaluation preoperatively and postoperatively on the immediate postoperative day, 15th, 30th and 60th post operative days. The fractures selected were four tibial, two radio-ulnar, one humerus and one femoral fracture. Anatomically two tibial fractures were short oblique; one was transverse and the other one multiple. One of the short oblique fractures had a butterfly fragment also. The fracture of humerus and femur were transverse which involved the midshaft. One of the radial fractures was 1½ month old with nonunion involving the distal third. Open reduction and plate fixation was done in all cases following standard AO/ASIF principles. Dynamic compression plates (DCP) were used in six dogs and reconstruction plates in two dogs. The DCP was applied in compression mode in five dogs and neutralization mode in one dog. Both the reconstruction plates were applied in neutralization mode. The fracture reduction and plate fixation were done following standard principles. Osteosynthesis was evaluated clinically and radiographically during the observation period. Clinical evaluation was mainly based on observation for symptoms, pain and functional limb usage evaluation. Radiographs were evaluated for apposition, alignment, angulation, apparatus, activity and architecture of the fractured bone. The fracture reduction and plate fixation was satisfactory in all cases except one. Early functional limb usage with partial weight bearing was observed in four dogs. Primary healing with filling of the fracture gap with radio opaque bone was observed in dogs where the implant maintained absolute stability. Healing with callus proliferation was observed in neutralization plating. Mixed healing was observed in cases where the implant lost some rigidity due to loosening of a screw, provided axial alignment was maintained. True implant failure was observed only in one case. An increase in alkaline phosphatase level was observed in all dogs during the immediate post operative day and remained so up to the 30th day. Plate osteosynthesis was found effective in providing pain free early ambulation. Craniomedial plate fixation was more advantageous in distal radius and ulna fractures. Reconstruction plates were found suitable for the fixation of fractures of long bones in animals with low body weight and in cases where contouring of DCP was found difficult due to complex bone contour.