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Subject: Veterinary Surgery × Author: KAU × Author: Kalyani, Biswas × End date: 1994 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative study of healing of fracture of metacarpus in calves using different external immobilisation methods
    (Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 1990) Kalyani, Biswas; KAU; Muraleedharan, Nayar K N
    The study was conducted on 18 crossbred male calves divided in three groups of six animals each. Under local anaesthesia (ring block) fracture was created at the midshaft region of the large metacarpal and was reduced. The limb was immobilized with (i) plaster of paris cast (Group A), (ii) transfixation apparatus and plaster of paris cast (group B) and (iii) cast using freshly prepared gum and bandgage (group C). The animals were kept under observation upto six weeks. One animal from each group was sacrificed at the second week and fourth week, and the remaining animals at the sixth week. Oedema was observed distal to the cast in two animals each in Group A and C and four animals in Group B. Pointing of the toes was noticed in three animals of group A, two animals of group B and one animal of Group C. Dragging of the toes was noticed in three animals each of group A and C. All the animals, except one from Group A, were bearing weight on the limb and could get up and lie down unassisted by the first week. Four animals of group A, two animals of group B and three animals of Group C favoured the limb throughout the period. In group A and B, the plaster cast remained intact throughout the period of observation in one animal, had to be changed once in three animals and twice in two animals. In group C, the cast remained intact throughout the period of observation in three animals and was changed once in three animals. Radiodense area was observed at the fracture site in one animal by the first week, in four animals of each group by the second week and in all animals except one by the third week and in all the animals by the fourth week. The fracture line had become less district in one animal of group A, two animals of Group B and one animal of group C by the third week. Ossification of the callus was noticed in all the animals by the fourth week. The fracture line was less distinct in all the animals of Group A, three animals of group B and two animals of Group C. Ossification of the callus and its union was noticed by the fifth week in all the animals except one animal of Group C. However, in group B, ossification was more extensive. Partial obliteration of the fracture line was seen in all except three animals. Extensive ossification of the callus with continuity between the callus of the two fragments and partial obliteration of the fracture line was observed in all the animals, except one animal of Group C by sixth week. The fractured bone cropped after two weeks revealed that in Group A, the fragments were separate and there was mobility at the fracture site but in Group B and C , mobility was less. Soft callus between the fragments and restricted mobility at the fracture site was noticed in the bones cropped at four weeks in animals of all the groups. The callus was well developed and the fragments were firmly fixed by the callus in the bones cropped at six weeks, I all animals of groups A and B and in three animals of Group C. Microscopic examination of the callus at two weeks revealed periosteal and capillary proliferation with zones of necrosis of cortical bone at the fracture site in Group A. In group B and C, the proliferative changes were more marked along with zones of ossification. The callus cropped at four weeks, revealed marked connective tissue and capillary proliferation along with zones of ossification and formation of trabeculae in Group A and C, and in Group B ossification was more extensive. Extensive ossification and interconnected trabeculae continous with the cortical bone was observed in the callus cropped at six weeks in all the three groups. Zones of hyaline cartilage were observed in the callus in the animals of Group A and one animal of Group B and Zone of suppuration in one animal of Group C. Suppuration at the suture line involving the callus and fracture site was observed in one animal of Group C. Partial displacement of the fragments after immobilization was noticed in two animals of group A, three animals of Group B and four animals of Group C.