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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of the antifertility property of ocimum sanctum(Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1979) Girisdan, K; KAU; Jacob Cheeran, VA study was carried out in rats, to assess the antifertility property of the benzene fraction of the leaves of the plant Ocimum sanctum. Premating treatment was done in female animals at does levels of 200 and 400 mg per kilogram body weight for a duration of eight days. Male animals were subjected to the treatment at a dose level of 200 mg per kilogram body weight for 20 days . The experimental animals were allowed to mate with untreated animals of the opposite sex. Histopathological examination of the organs – pituitary, ovary, tests, liver and kidney were carried out. Results of the study suggested considerable reduction of fertility in both the sexes. This can be attributed to the impaired release of gonadotrophic hormones and the resulting improper functioning of the gonads. Administration of the extract showed no toxic effects in the treated rats as well as in their offspring.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the Effect of Corticosteroids, Neostigmine and Calcium in Cobra Venom (Naja naja) Intoxication(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1975) Venugopalan, K; KAU; Nair, K P DAdministration of specific antiserum as early as possible after snake bite is of utmost importance for better chances of survival. Supportive measures are definitely capable of reducing the venom toxicity And prolonging survival period eg., if the absorption of venom from the site of bite could be delayed or retarded it will be highly beneficial to the patient. It has been shown that certain drugs are capable of decreasing capillary permeability and altering the rate of absorption of venom from the site while other agents may alleviate neurotoxicity or reduce haemotoxicity of venoms on the system. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effect of (1) ‘Betnesol’ (Glaxo brand of betamethasone), (2) Neostigmine bromide (E Merck) and (3) Calcium gluconate – 10% (Sandoz) in experimental envenomation with cobra venom (Naja naja) in adult rats of both sexes. One LD50 cobra venom (0.097 mg per 100 g body weight – death within 8 hours) was given intramuscularly to these experimental rats and the trial drugs viz., ‘Betnesol’ (0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg per 100 g body weight), neostigmine bromide (30 mcg per 100 g body weight) and calcium gluconate (8,10 and 12 mg per 100 g body weight) were given intraperitoneally at varying intervals to evaluate the efficacy to these drugs in respect of their ability to prolong the survival period of experimentally envenomated rats. It is observed that ‘Betnesol’ at dose rate of 0.8 to 1 mg per 100 g body weight of rate when given immediately after injection of one LD50 cobra venom gave 100 percent prolongation of survival period and the degree of protection decreases when the time lag for the administration of this drug. Neostigmine bromide was found to be of not much value to counteract the neurotoxicity produced by cobra venom. Results of calcium administration were of a varying nature and require further investigation.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the influence of chloramphenicol on thiopentone sodium anaesthesia in dogs(Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1978) Aravindakshan, C M; KAU; Zacharias, CherianA study was undertaken to find out the influence of chloramphenicol, streptomycin and kanamycin on thiopentone sodium anaesthesia in dogs. Chloramphenicaol 50 mg/kg body weight, streptomycin 10 mg/kg body weight and kanamycin 10 mg/kg body weight were administered intramuscularly at 30, 60 and 120 minutes prior to the administration of thiopentone sodium, which was given at the rate of 30 mg/kg body weight intravenously. These antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin and kanamycin) produced a slight prolongation in the surgical anaesthesia and sleeping time, induced by thiopentone sodium. Chloramphenicol showed a significant effect over the other two drugs in these respects. It was also noticed that neither thiopentone sodium nor its administration along with chloramphenicol, streptomycin and kanamycin does possess any influence on the PCV and ESR values.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the rate of disappearance of chloramphenicol from the blood of goats and calves(Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1975) Joy, A D; KAU; Rajagopalan, M KStudies were conducted in goats and calves on the blood level of chloramphenicol at three dose levels of 10 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg per kg body weight intramuscularly. The data obtained revealed that: Single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight, failed to produce minimum therapeutic concentration (5 mcg/ml) of the drug in blood of both goats and calves. At 20 mg per kg body weight, the minimum therapeutic concentration persisted between second and seventh hour in goats, and second and seventeenth hour in calves. At 30 mg per kg body, weight, the minimum therapeutic concentration maintained between second and eleventh hour in goats and second and nineteenth hour in calves. Peak concentrations of the drug were obtained both in goats and calves between second and third hour after the administration of chloramphenicol. The drug concentration was higher in urine than in blood and minimum therapeutic concentration was found to persist for 24 hours in all the three doses. In a limited attempt made to study the toxicity of chloramphenicol in calves, 100 mg per kg body weight, administered daily, intravenously for 30 days, did not produce acute toxicity. Transient “shock like” symptoms were noticed soon after injection and persisted for 10 to 15 minutes. No alternations in blood constituents could be detected for the 30 days duration.