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20102
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the pathological effects of fipronil and their amelioration by curcumin in rats
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Senthilkumar, T; KAU; Divakaran Nair, N
    The present study entitled ‘Pathological effects of Fipronil and their amelioration by curcumin in rats’ was undertaken by administering with fipronil in group I animals and both fipronil and curcumin in group II animals for 28 days. Group III administered with honey served as control. The weekly body weights, clinical signs, haematology, biochemical parameters, mortality pattern, gross pathology and histopathology of various organs were analysed to study the effect. The oxidative damage of the liver was assessed by the estimation of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. A significant decrease in the mean body weights was observed in group I and II. ALT, AST, cholesterol and creatinine levels showed a significant increase in the group I and significantly lower levels in group II. Total protein, albumin, globulin, PCV and Hb levels were significantly lower in group I but significantly higher in group II. TLC, ESR and DLC revealed no variation. Group I showed significantly higher lipid peroxides and lower glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in the liver. Group II showed significantly lower lipid peroxides and higher glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in the liver. The animals showed dullness and inappetance in the treatment groups. Mortalities were observed in both groups. Hepatomegaly and focal necrotic spots in the liver, enlargement of thyroid were the major gross lesions in group I. Gross lesions were less in group II. Smaller and cystic dilatation of acini, hyperplasia and fibrosis of thyroid, necrosis, hypertrophy and individualization of hepatocytes, tubular and glomerular degeneration and necrosis of the kidney, alveolar septal thickening, peribronchial lymphoid cell hyperplasia and bronchostenosis of the lung, predominance red pulp of spleen, desquamation and fusion of villi and goblet cell hyperplasia in the intestine, hyalinization of cardiac muscle fibers were observed in group I animal. Uniform sized follicular acini of thyroid, prominent kupffer cell reaction of hepatocytes,mild degeneration of tubules of kidney, predominance of white pulp of spleen, glial cell response in the brain, glandular hyperplasia of intestine were the major findings in group II animals. The study revealed that fipronil is thyrotoxic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic to rats and curcumin has good ameliorating effect against fipronil toxicity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on sequential post-mortem changes of isolated chicken eye
    (Centre for Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Arya Aravind; KAU; Vijayan, N
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the sequential postmortem changes of different components of chicken eye and to choose an ideal fixative. Six eyes each were fixed at zero hour, half hour, one hour, one and a half hours, two hours, four hours and twelve hours in ten per cent neutral buffered formalin and gluteraldehyde fixative. Eyes were fixed for a minimum of three weeks. A clean cut was made near to the midline of the fixed eye slightly to one side of it, so that the origin of the optic nerve and pupil were included in the sections. The eye consisted of three tunics; tunica fibrosa consisting of cornea and sclera, tunica vasculosa with choroid, ciliary body and iris and tunica interna consisted of retina. The postmortem changes were mostly appreciated in the cornea, which included condensation of the nucleus of the epithelium of cornea, interepithelial detachment and exfoliation of epithelium. The cytoplasm revealed vacuolar and degenerative changes and there was separation of collagen fibres of corneal stroma. The corneal endothelium showed swelling, lysis and detachment. The presence of lysed erythrocytes was prominent after two hours in the choroid. As the time interval advanced, there were varying degrees of dispersion of melanin pigment. The swelling of the cytoplasm of the ciliary body was more evident in the non- pigmented epithelial layer. The epithelium of the iris showed detachment and fragmentation. Retinal detachment was noticed from zero hour of fixation in GF fixative and ten per cent NBF fixative. The changes were prominent in the ganglion cells which showed condensation of the nuclei along with vacuolar and lytic changes of the cytoplasm. Postmortem changes of pecten were appreciated by the lysed erythrocytes in the capillaries along with the vacuolar degeneration and lytic changes affecting melanocytes and hyalocytes. PAS positive areas were detected in the Descemet’s membrane and Bowman’s membrane of cornea, lens capsule, pecten and layer of rods and cones of retina. Masson’s trichrome staining proved to be useful to appreciate the changes in the collagen fibres, muscles and epithelium. The histometry of the eyeball showed a significant decrease in thickness of cornea at 120 minutes when compared with zero hour in neutral buffered formalin fixative. From the study it can be concluded that GF fixative is a better fixative for eye than 10 per cent NBF fixative.