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20053
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2005 × Start date: 2005 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology of selected endocrine glands in testicular disorders in bulls
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2005) Jothish Kumar, B; KAU; Sreekumaran, T
    The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and nature of various pathological conditions of the testis and correlate with the lesions of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and accessory sex glands. A total of 300 bulls were screened for testicular disorders at the Corporation slaughterhouse, Thrissur and Meat technology unit, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur. A detailed systemic examination of 261 cases was made during the period of investigation and the gross and histopathological lesions were studied in detail, classified and documented. The study revealed a high prevalence (17.24 %) of testicular disorders in bulls. It was observed that in the Government farms, bulls of the age group above five to seven years were most commonly affected due to excessive usage for semen collection. In other than government farms, bulls of the age group three to five years were highly affected and attributed to severe nutritional deficiencies. Among the breeds, crossbred Holstein-Friesian (CBHF) and Nondescript (ND) was found to show the higher predisposition to testicular disorders. The relative weight of the testis, was decreased in hypoplasia and degeneration, increased in varicosity, fibrosis and calcification. Out of 45 testicular disorder cases, the conditions observed were aplasia (1), hypoplasia (10), degeneration (25), varicosity (2), fibrosis (3) and calcification (4) respectively. Among the endocrine glands, lesions observed were pituitary cyst (9), pituitary haemorrhage (7), thyroid hypoplasia (7), thyroid degeneration (10), thyroid cyst (5), colloid goitre (3), nodular goitre (2), adrenal cortical hypoplasia (2), adrenal cortical hyperplasia (7) and adrenal medullary hyperplasia (12) respectively. Among the accessory sex glands, lesions observed were hyperplasia of seminal vesicle (8), hypoplasia of seminal vesicle (6), prostatic hyperplasia (2) and prostatic atrophy (5) respectively. Correlation study has highlighted that in many of the testicular disorders there were concurrent affections of endocrine glands particularly pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands which is of major significance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology of pancreatic disorders in canines
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2005) Vandana Vijayachandran; KAU; Divakaran Nair, N
    The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and nature of pathological conditions of the canine pancreas and to correlate these with the general post mortem lesions. A detailed systematic examination of 100 carcasses brought for autopsy during the period of investigation was conducted and the gross and histopathological lesions were studied in detail, classified and documented. The study has revealed the high prevalence of pancreatic disorders in canines to the tune of 72 per cent. It was found that the dogs between one to five years were the most commonly affected. Among the different breeds German shepherds were found to be the most susceptible to pancreatic disorders. Females were found to show a predisposition for pancreatic disorders. The weight and length of the pancreas was found to increase with age. Out of the 72 per cent cases, the pancreatic lesions were severe in 21 per cent of the cases, moderate in 20 per cent and mild in 31 per cent. The specific conditions encountered were pancreatitis, parasitic infection, abscessation, blood vessel proliferation, ductular adenoma, adenocarcinoma of acinar pancreas, duct obstruction due to squamous metaplasia and islet cell hyperplasia and hyalinisation. The other pathological conditions included atrophy, hypoplasia, vacuolar degeneration, lipomatosis, ductular changes like fibrosis, hyperplasia, congestion, haemorrhage, oedema, lymph stasis and islet changes like degeneration and necrosis. Correlation of the pancreatic lesions with general postmortem findings has brought into light the fact that many gastrointestinal disorders had concurrent pancreatic lesions and almost all cases of chronic hepatorenal system disorders, related pancreatic changes of the same severity were seen.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology of cardiac disorders in pigs reared on swill
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2005) Sivanesan, P; KAU; Vijayan, N
    Pig rearing in rural production systems based on the swill feed has become very popular in Kerala. The cases of sudden mortality in apparently healthy animals and earlier reports of the cardiovascular damages in such animals prompted to study the effects of swill feed on the cardiovascular system in pigs. The study confirmed, the cardiomyopathies are more common in the pigs which were maintained on swill than those maintained on concentrate feed. Cardiac lesions to the tune of 46.2% were observed in swill fed pigs examined compared to a mere 6.1% cases in concentrate fed pigs. The cardiac lesions recorded were varying degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, hydropericardium, hemopericardium, fibrinous pericarditis, myocardial degeneration, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dilatation and valvular endocarditis. The histopathological changes of all these conditions have been studied in detail and the possible pathogenesis described. The vascular changes associated with myocardial necrosis have to be studied in detail by more controlled experimental study. The pathological changes associated with various cardiac disorders are suggestive of multiple nutritional deficiencies. The serum enzyme levels of AST, LDH and CK were found to be higher in swill fed pigs with cardiomyopathic changes than that of serum of pigs reared on concentrate feed. The high enzyme level in the absence of any gross changes in the heart indicated that these could be used as marker for monitoring the subtle cardiomyopathic changes. The various observation made in the study highlighted that the general and immune status of swill fed animals needs to be studied in the light of pathological changes and the subtle changes reflected by the elevated enzyme levels. The result of the study also highlights the need to monitor the nutrient content of the swill, especially the availability of micronutrients.