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Theses

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1980 - 19899
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1980 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biology of neoplastic cells of ethmoid carcinoma
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Madan Sing, Karki; KAU; Rajan, A
    Attempts were made to propagate the ethmoid carcinoma cells in vitro to study the biological behaviour of the neoplastic cells and their relationship with the host. Efforts were also made to transplant the neoplastic cells in laboratory animals and tumour bearing natural hosts so as to lay out a model system for further investigation. In vitro propagation was tried by obtaining the tumour tissues from nine cows and three goats. Cells were grown in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS). TC – 199 and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 10 to 20 per cent calf serum. The cell suspension was seeded into tissue culture bottles, milk diluting bottles and test tubes and incubated at 370 C. No growth was observed in the cultures made from the tumour tissue of cows. The tumour cells from two goats grew in monolyerand were maintained for nine days. There was no difference in growth of cells in different media employed. Insulin supplementation in the media did not cause any difference in the growth of the cells. Subsequently the cells died even after subculturing and changing of the media. Absence of certain unknown factors required by the neoplastic cells for growth was considered responsible for failure of the growth. Transplantation studies were carried out in autologous, homologous and heterologous species of animals using the tumour tissue framgments, homogenate, filtrate and cell suspension. No autograft or heterotransplant were successful. Homologous transplantation resulted in a firm painless growth at the site of injection. The growth initiated a cell – mediated immune response at the site of implantation. Failure of neoplastic cells to grow in the other hosts was considered to be due to rejection of the transplants by the host’s immune system.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology of the reproductive system in ducks
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1986) Jayakumar, P M; KAU; Valsala, K V
    A study was conducted on the pathology of the reproductive system in ducks. A survey conducted on the prevalence of diseases based on the data for a period of 11 years at the Government Duck Farm, Niranam revealed the incidence of hepatosis (64.58%), hepatitis (9.07%), enteritis (8.58%), tuberculosis (2.61%) and miscellaneous disorders (15.13%). The latter category included pulmonary edema, omphalitis and transport stress. In a separate study, the reproductive organs of 194 female ducks and 26 male ducks were examined systematically and gross and histopathological lesions encountered were studied. The diseases encountered in females were hypoplasia of left ovary and oviduct (20%), impaction of oviduct (5.45%), haemorrhagic cyst in the ovary (7.27%), salpingoperitonitis (10.9%), oophoritis (49.09%), cystic right oviduct (1.82%), mycotic salpingitis (1.82%) and tuberculous salpingitis (3.63%). In males atrophic testis (66.3%) and seminoma (33.3%) were the diseases recorded. Experimentally, pure aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were administered to six ducks each, at the rate of 25 µg per duck daily for a period of three months. Clinically all the experimental ducks showed unthriftiness. But it was more pronounced in aflatoxin group. In both aflatoxin and ochratoxin group, the birds showed reduced weight gain and decreased feed intake. There was reduction in the weight of the testis in both aflatoxin and ochratoxin groups. Histologically, in the aflatoxin group, marked disruption in the organisation of germinal epithelium, absence of sperm bundles and edema of the interstitial tissue were the lesions observed. In the ochratoxin group, the basement membrane was found to be unaffected. Both aflatoxin and ochratoxin were found to cause degenerative changes in the testicular tissue. However, aflatoxin was found to cause more pronounced changes than ochratoxin. From the studies made, it was concluded that both aflatoxin and ochratoxin can induce degenerative changes in the testis and it was surmised that this would lead to subfertility and infertility. The need for feeding a diet free of mycotoxins to ensure profitable duck farming was stressed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology of the eye in cattle bearing carcinoma of the mucosa of the ethmoid
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1982) Jose, C J; KAU; Ramachandran, K M
    Eighteen cattle from different parts of Kerala, affected with ethmoid carcinoma were subjected to detailed investigations of the ocular changes. The incidence of eye involvement in cases of ethmoid tumour in cattle was assessed on the basis of reports or informations received from field veterinarians and cattle owners from different dietricts of Kerala. Incidence, clinical manifestations, intraocular pressure, gross pathological cbanges and biometry of the eye were studied. The effect of the tumour mass on the eye and the possible causes for the different ocular changes has been discussed. The highest incidence was found in the age group of six to ten years. The earliest case was recorded in a heifer aged four years. The frequency of the incidence was high in females (88%). Crossbred animals were found to be more affected (83%). The tumour was also encounter~d in three purebred cattle. Ninetyfour percent of the tumour affected animals showed exophthalmos either unilateral (82%) or bilateral (18%). Tbe left eye was affected in 14 percent and the right eye in 86 percent cases. It is suggested that 37 exophthalmos can be considered as a pathognomonic clinical manifestation for ethmoid tumour affected cattle. Blindness was observed in 90 percent of the affected eyes, ectropion in 85 percent cases and corneal cbanges in the form of keratitis or opaCities in 90 percent cases. Episcleritis, anterior uveitis, euphora, purulent discharges were the other clinical manifestations. Glauc~a, was found to be a characteristic feature in ethmoid caroinoma. Involvement of the optic nerve, optic diso, retina, vitreous and other deep structures of the eyes were also notioed by gross examination of the whole eye at autopsy. The lens showed varying degrees of displacement or luxation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and pathology of necrosis of extremities in cattle
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Xavier, C J; KAU; Maryamma, K I
    A study on the prevalence and pathology of necrosis of extremities in cattle was conducted. It was found that the disease was more prevalent in buffaloes than in white cattle. The chief clinical manifestation was necrosis of tail. A close association between mouldy paddy straw and the disease syndrome was observed. Animals observed during the study were found to be free from systemic disturbances.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Post-natal mortality of kids a pathoanatomical investigation
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Manomohan, C B; KAU; Krishnan, Nair M
    Gastritis was mainly manifested as a catarrhal type. Abomasal erosions, gastric ulcers and patchy necrotic abomasitis were also encountered in some cases. Enteritic lesions were seen in 72 cases of which 46 animals did not show any lesions in stomach. This included six cases of coccidiosis and one case of taeniasis. Enteritis was mainly manifested as catarrhal enteritis with infiltration of lymphocytes. Haemorrhagic enteritis and necrotic enteritis were seen in few cases. The mesenteric lymph nodes from some of these animals showed depletion of lymphocytes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Immunopathological response of kids in pneumonia
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1986) Anilkumar, T V; KAU; Rajan, A
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Immunopathological response of pigs In aflatoxicosis
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1986) Gopalakrishnan Nair, M; KAU; Maryamma, K I
    The immune response of pigs fed aflatoxin at two different dose levels. 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight was studied. The reduction in weight gain observed in the aflatoxin fed pigs was associated with decreased feed consumption and total serum protein concentration. There was increase in ESR and decease in PCV, haemoglobin and total erythrocyte count in the toxin fed groups. The neutrophilic and lymphocytic count did not show any significant variation except when the animals contracted mange infection. Following infection there was slight neutrophilia. The cell-mediated immune response was assessed employing ANAE, PHA and DNCB as markers. A decrease in the immune response was documented in the aflatoxin fed pigs. The humoral immune response was found to be suppressed as evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of total serum protein and gammaglobulin in the toxin fed groups. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages was assessed using Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test. The data revealed a decreased phagocytic activity. Haemorrhages were seen in almost all the visceral organs.The liver of aflatoxin fed animals was enlarged and icteric. The gall bladder was distended and oedematous. Fetty change centrilobular necrosis, haemorrhage, bilary hyperplasia, fibrous tissue proliferation, reticular collapse and focal lymphocytic infilteration were the characteristic histological features. Haemorrhage and haemosiderosis evident in the spleen. Tubular degeneration and focal haemorrhages were seen in the kidney. The thymus and the lymphnodes revealed depletion of lymphoid cells and focal areas of haemorrhage. Some of the lymphnodes revealed reactive proliferative response. Regular screening of feed for aflatoxin was advocated as a routine farm operation to prevent the deleterious effect of aflatoxin on the health and productivity of pigs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and pathology of hypothyroidism in cattle
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Ratnakumar, J N; KAU; Rajan, A
    A random survey study conducted employing serum T4 as a marker, in Cannanore, Trichur, Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala indicated that hypothyroidism was one of the major aetiological factors responsible for non – infectious reproductive disorders in cattle. The mean value of T4 observed in clinically healthy cattle was 4.8727 + 0.1209 µg/dl. In conditions like infantile genitalia, the mean T4 value was 3.5617 + 0.1089 µg/dl and in anoestrum cases, the mean T4 level was 3.6913 + 0.1136 µg/dl. These observations emphasized the need to estimate the serum thyroxine level of cattle, in non – infectious reproductive disorders to exclude hypothyroidism as a causative factor. The goitrogenic effect of cassava was assessed employing broiler rabbit as the experimental model. The experimental design included three groups of twelve rabbits each. One group (T2) was fed cassava flour at the rate of 25% in the diet for six months. Another group (T3) was administered propyl thiouracil at the rate of 1 mg/day/animal for a period of six months. A group (T1) of twelve rabbits was kept as control. Body weight of rabbits at fortnightly interval was recorded. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed at the second, fourth and sixth month. At the time of slaughter, fur weight, serum T3, T4 levels, serum cholesterol, blood sugar, haemoglobin, ESR, total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, were estimated. Also relative weight of the thyroid, adrenal, testes and ovaries were recorded. Detailed autopsy was performed after the slaughter of the rabbits. Appropriate samples of tissues from liver, kidney, spleen, testis, ovary, heart, thyroid and adrenal were collected for histopathological examination. Rabbits fed cassava showed changes only after a period of four months. They registered an increase in the body weight and reduction in fur weight, by the end of six months. Normocytic hypochromic anaemia, hyperchloesteraemia, low T3, T4, increase in the relative weight of the thyroid gland were also observed by the end of six months. Histologically the thyroid gland showed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the follicular epithelial cells and depletion of colloid at the end of six months. Rabbits fed cassava did not show any changes in the testis and ovary. However, the changes in the rabbits fed cassava were minimal when compared to the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. In the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits, there was progressive reduction in body weight and fur weight from the second month onwards. Bilateral alopecia on the ventral side of the belly, base of the ear and around the eyes were observed in them. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia, hypercholesteraemia, low T4, T3 levels, and low blood sugar were very much significant in propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. The thyroid glands were very much enlarged and conspicuous. Histologically, the thyroid follicular epithelial cells exhibited predominant hyperplastic changes and varying degrees of degeneration along with significant depletion of colloid. Microscopic picture of the testes in propyl thiouracil fed rabbits showed degenerative changes, with no evidence of spermeogenesis. Also the ovaries showed degenerative changes in the propyl thiouracil fed rabbits. From the study it was concluded that cassava flour, although, a mild goitrogen can be advantageously fed to broiler rabbits at the level of 25% in the ration without causing undesirable effects.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Incidence and pathological features of hypothyroidism in cattle
    (Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1986) Mammen J Abraham; KAU; Valsala, K V
    A survey study conducted indicated that hypothyroidism was one of the major etiological factors responsible for non – infectious reproductive disorders in cattle. The reason for repeat breeding cases in certain instances could be traced to hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Besides, this, hypothyroidism was experimentally induced in six male calves using thiourea as the goitrogen at a single dosage schedule of 150 mg/kg body weight with a view to delineate the sequence of clinicopathological changes in the sub – clinical hypothyroid state. The haemogram, plasma protein level, serum cholesterol level and serum protein bound iodine level of these animals were estimated at fortnightly intervals. Clinically, the experimental animals manifested progressive weakness, dullness, reduction in feed intake, irregular shedding of hair, subcutaneous edema and above all a marked stunting in growth. Gelatinization of subcutaneous and other depot fat and cardiac dilatation were the chief lesions encountered at autopsy. The calves became progressively anaemic and registered high serum cholesterol and plasma protein levels but significantly low PBI level as compared with control claves. There was significant increase in the relative weights of the thyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands but reduction in the relative weight of the testis. Histologically the thyroid follicular epithelial cells exhibited hyperplastic changes and varying degrees of degeneration along with significant depletion of colloid. Microscopically pituitary gland revealed vacuolation and hyperplasia of the basophil cells in focal areas. Adrenal glands showed slight proliferation of cells of zona faciculata and depletion of fat. Microscopic picture of the testis showed slight obliteration of the seminiferous tubules with no evidence of mitotic activity in the tubular cells. A few degenerated and desquamated cells were seen along with giant cells. The varying degrees of degenerative changes observed in the testis accounted for the reproductive disorders in hypothyroidism.