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Theses

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2000 - 20014
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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × End date: 2001 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Immunodiagnosis of bovine gastrothylacosis using coproantigens
    (Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2000) Kandasamy, A; KAU; Devada, K
    A study was conducted on the prevalence of paramphistomatidosis in Thrissur from June 1999 to May 2000, feasibility of coproantigen detection by ELlSA and comparison of sensitivity of ELlSA using coproantigens and ELlSA using serum antibodies in diagnosis of gastrothylacosis, caused by Gastrothy/ax crumenifer, in cattle. It was noted from the registers maintained at the University Veterinary Hospitals at Kokkalai and Mannuthy and that at the Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, that out of a total number of 1534 faecal samples from bovines examined, 253 (16.5 per cent) animals were found to be positive for amphistome eggs with the maximum prevalence (23 per cent) in June and July. Generally the infection was prevalent throughout the year. An indirect ELlSA using rabbit hyperimmune serum against somatic antigens of G. crumenifer was performed to detect coproantigens in faecal samples collected from 100 known G. crumenifer infected cattle. Seventy four samples were found to contain detectable levels of coproantigen indicating a sensitivity of 74 per cent. Serum samples collected from the same infected cattle were tested for antibodies to G. crumenifer by an indirect ELlSA using somatic antigens. Fifty one samples were found positive for antibodies indicating a sensitivity of 51 per cent. It was seen that when 43 cattle were positive for both coproantigens and serum antibodies, 18 cattle were negative for both of them. Although 31 cattle which were negative for serum antibodies were found positive for coproantigens, eight cattle negative for coproantigens were found positive for serum antibodies. The results showed that coproantigen detection, which revealed a higher sensitivity than the detection of serum antibodies by ELlSA, is feasible for the diagnosis of gastrothylacosis in bovines.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence, immune response and control of Stomoxys spp. of flies
    (Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 2000) Basker, N; KAU; Subramanian, H
    A detailed study on the prevalence, biology, immune response and control of Stomoxys spp. of flies was conducted. The prevalence study on Stomoxys fly infestation on cattle of Thrissur, during June 1999 to May 2000 showed a higher incidence (>90 per cent) during the months of June, July, August and September than in other months. The prevalence increased as temperature decreased and humidity and rainfall increased. The fly infesting cattle was identified. as Stomoxys calcitrans. The biology of the fly was studied in laboratory and were fed with citrated bovine blood. The use of horse dung as oviposition and larval development medium was found to be satisfactory. The life cycle parameters of the fly were also noted. The thoracic muscle antigen prepared from pharate adult fly was used for immunization. Agar gel precipitation test and counter immuno electrophoresis revealed a single clear precipitation line. The passive haemagglutination assay revealed an antibody titre of 1024, on days 21 st and 28th of immunization. Feeding the normal flies with blood from immunized rabbit produced a cumulative mortality of 100 per cent on day 20 against 66.7 per cent mortality in flies fed with control rabbit blood. Abnormal effects like wing paralysis was noted in test group. The insecticidal property of Deltamethrin, Diazinon, Carbaryl and Ethofenprox were evaluated against stable fly infestation and was found that Deltamethrin (0.0025 per cent) was highly effective in controlling flies. At 0.005 per cent concentration Deltamethrin gave better protection. Diazinon (0.3 per cent) and Carbaryl (0.1 per cent) failed to provide good protection after one day post treatment. Ethofenprox (0.002 per cent) was found to be least effective.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of a precocious strain of Eimeria tenella
    (Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Sangeetha, R; KAU; Devada, K
    Studies on the prevalence of caecal coccidiosis in chicken, by referring to the postmortem registers maintained at the centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences~ Mannuthy revealed that 48.4 per cent of 550 coccidia positive viscera was due to Eimeria tenella. A pure line of E. tenella was established in the laboratory by single oocyst isolation technique from a virulent field case of caecal coccidiosis in chicken. A stabilised strain of E. tenella was developed by administering a dose of 1.5x103 sporulated pure line E. tenella oocysts per bird orally to six three to five day old coccidia free White Leghorn chicks and harvesting the caecal contents at 168 hr pi for 15 cyclic~l passages. For the development of a precocious strain of E. tenella a dose of 1.5x103 sporulated E. tenella oocysts per bird was administered orally to six, three to five day old White Leghorn chicks. The caecal contents were harvested at 136 hr pi and the oocysts were allowed to sporulate and subsequently repassaged by applying selection pressure in increments of one hour reduction at each passage. At the end of 18 cyclical passages, oocysts obtained at 125 hr pi were designated E. tenella. as the precocious strain of. A comparative study between the precocious and stabilised strain of E. tenella revealed the following observations~ The prepatent period of the precocious strain was 125 hr while that of the stabilised strain was 135 hr. The oocyst morphology did not reveal any significant difference between the two strains. The precocious strain was less pathogenic and produced milder clinical signs than the stabilised strain. The gross lesions of caeca were less morbid in the precocious strain infected group. Weight gain was more in the precocious strain infected group than in the stabilised strain infected group. The precocious strain produced less mortality and showed a drop in oocyst production. Endogenous study revealed an accelerated growth in the early stages of the asexual life cycle in the precocious strain infected group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and treatment of bovine coccidiosis
    (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2000) Sreevidya Nambiar, K; KAU; Devada, K
    A detailed study on the prevalence, clinical pathology and treatment of coccidial infections in cattle belonging to all age groups was undertaken at the Veterinary Hospitals, University Livestock Farm, Buffalo Breeding Station, Cattle Farm, Pattambi, Kerala Agricultural University and other localities in Thrissur during the period from June 1999 to May 2000. The prevalence of the infection was found to be 2.2 per cent. On the whole, the incidence of coccidiosis was found to be high in animals below one year, and female animals, during the rainy and humid months. Clinical signs; predominantly blood tinged or foul smelling diarrhoea and the microscopical examination of the faecal samples from suspected cases were made use of for diagnosis. Eight Eimerian species causing coccidial infections in cattle were identified and they were Eimeria bovis (35 per cent), E. zuernii (55 per cent), E. subspherica (10 per cent), E. ellipsoidalis(60 per cent), E. cylindri ca (fi ve per cent), E. bareillyi (five per cent), E. brasiliensis (five per cent) and E. wyomingensis (10 per cent). The most commonly encountered species were E. ellipsoidalis, E. bovi s, and E. zuernii. Haematological studies of clinically infected animalsrevealed reductio in the values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. A reduction in serum total protein and globulin fractions was also observed during the assay of serum protein fractions in these animals. Treatment trials against bovine coccidiosis using drugs, Sulphadimidine sodium (125 mg per kg body weight for three days), Amprolium hydrochloride (20 mg per kg body weight for five days) and Salinomycin (2 mg per kg body weight for 21 days) orally resulted in nearly cent per cent efficacy in the clinically affected animals. All the three drugs were found to be equally effective.