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Theses

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1998 - 19992
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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1998 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Helminth parasites of mammals in Thrissur Zoo
    (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1999) Varadharajan, A; KAU; Pythal, C
    An investigation on the prevalence of helminthic infections among the wild mammals in captivity in the Thrissur Zoo and also the variations thereof on account of season, age and sex were carried out by regular faecal examination using the concentration method of centrifugation-cum-sedimentation technique, over a period of one year from May-'98 to April-'99. Non-specific symptoms like general ,weakness, debility, occasional diarrhoea, dehydration and respiratory distress with cough were observed in a variety of mammals. The overall prevalence of the helminthic infection among the mammals was 68.05 per cent. Carnivores had the highest prevalence of infection (75.34%) when compared to herbivores (67.47%) and omnivores (65.35%). Strongyle, Strongyloides spirurid, ascarid, amphistome, Fasciola, Trichuris and Parascaris infections in a variety of herbivores; strongyle, Strongyloides, spirurid, Ancylostpma, Capillaria, Toxocara, Trichuris, Metagonimus, Artyfechinostomum and Hymenolepis infections in a variety of omnivores and Ancylostoma, Toxocara, Toxascaris, Strongyloides, Capillaria, spirurid, Diphyllobothrium, Hymenolepis and Paragonimus infections in a variety of carnivores were observed. A few specimens of Haemonchus contortus were recovered from the abomasum of a 6 year old female balckbuck during post-mortem examination. The overall prevalence of infection among the mammals was higher in the rainy seasons (South-West and North-East monsoons) than in the dry season. The prevalence of, infection was higher in the adults of herbivores and omnivores than in the young ones of both the groups. The prevalence was also higher in the males of herbivores and carnivores than in the females and was more or less equal in both sexes of omnivores. Treatments with Fenbendazole and Pyrantel Pamoate were effective against gastro-intestinal nematodes in camels and in Asiatic lions respectively. Control measures for the helminthic infections in the zoo < mammals have also been suggested.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence, immune response and treatment of mite infestation in rabbits
    (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Regu Ravindran; KAU; Subramanian, H
    The prevalence, immune response and treatment of mite infestation in rabbits of Mannuthy and Thrissur, Kerala were studied in detail during a one year period from August 1997 to July 1998. The total prevalence of mange in rabbits was 56.9 per cent. The prevalence increased as temperature decreased, humidity and rainfall increased. The mite infestation was more prevalent during rainy months of the year. Notoedres cuniculi, Psoroptes cuniculi, Listrophorus gibbus and Cheyletiella parasi tivorax were identified as the four species of mites infesting rabbits. N. cuniculi showed maximum prevalence while C. parasitivorax the least. The New Zealand White rabbits were more prone to mite infestation while crossbreds/local breeds showed least prevalence rate. Whole body extract of P. cuniculi was used for immunization of rabbits. Agar gel precipitation and counter immuno electrophoresis revealed a maximum of three clear strong precipitation lines with the sera from immunized animals. The majority of sera from infested animals produced only single precipitation line. The passive haemagglutination assay revealed a maximum mean serum antibody titre of 1: 12513 against sera from immunized animals while sera from chronically infested animals showed a very low mean titre of1:22. Dermal reaction of the inoculated antigen into the skin of normal, infested and immunized rabbits showed increased skin thickness in all the three groups which was maximum by 12 to 24 hours after inoculation of antigen. The increase in skin thickness was significantly less in normal groups compared to the other two groups. Treatment trials conducted against Notoedric and Psoroptic mange showed that topical application of Karanji oil and single subcutaneous administration of Ivermectin at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg were highly effective in curing mange. Dimilin (Diflubenzuron) was not only ineffective against mange but also increased the severity of lesion and mite number. Ektodex{amitraz) was not 100 per cent effective on single application at 0.6 per cent concentration. Karanji oil which is cheaper and effective than Ivermectin is suitable for small scale farmers in curing rabbit mange.