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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × End date: 1996 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Secretory immunoglobulins of the duck (Anas platyrrhynchos domesticus)
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1996) Hari, Kumar A V; James, P C
    The profile and functional properties of the immunoglobulins of serum, bile, mucos of trachea and intestine of ducks were studied. The immunoglobulins were separated by salting out using ammonium sulphate. The various fractions of immunoglobulines were further resolved by Sephadex G-200 gel filteration which gave two peaks for serum and tracheal immunoglobulins and a single peak each for bile and intestinal immunoglobulins. The purity of these fractions were checked by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The different fractions obtained were quantified by single radial immunodiffusion. The level of fraction 1 in the bile ranged between 1718 µg/ml and 1959 µg/ml and that of serum, 1718.06 µg/ml to 2442 µg/ml, in the S.typhimurium treated groups. The level of fraction 1 in the NDV treated groups ranged from 1115 µg/ml to 1597.35 µg/ml in bile, and 1597.35 µg/ml to 1959.34 µg/ml in serum. The level of fraction 2 in serum ranged from 1797 µg/ml to 2591 µg/ml in S.typhimurium treated group and 1400 µg/ml to 1797 µg/ml in the NDV treated group. Fraction 2 was not detectable in bile. The antibody response of ducks to a bacterial and viral antigen (anaculture of S.typhimurium and R2B strain of New Castle Disease virus respectively) was assessed. On conducting standard tube agglutination test, the serum, bile and oviduct washings revealed antibody tires against S.typhimurium in inoculated birds ranging between 1:20 and 1:160 in the case of serum; 1:10 and 1:80 in the case of bile and tire less than 1:10 for oviduct washings. No antibody titre could be detected for tracheal and intestinal washings and testicular extracts. The HI titre ranging from 1:32 to 1:128 could be observed for serum, 1:32 to 1:64 for bile and a titre of 1:16 was observed for oviduct washings of ducks parenterally administered with NDV. The tire was relatively low for serum when NDV was administered intranasaly. Intestinal and tracheal washings and testicular extract failed to reveal any HI antibodies.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cerytain plasmid-mediated characters of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastits
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1996) Anil Kumar, M; KAU; Punnose, K T
    Twenty – six staphylococci were isolated from 70 cases of clinical / sub – clinical bovine mastitis. They were characterized by various biochemical tests and biotyped using coagulase production, haemolysin production, pigment production, Tween – 80 hydrolysis and casein hydrolysis. These 26 isolates comprised 19 biotypes of which, most preponderating one was biotype – B comprising of 5 isolates. The reliability of biotyping in distinguishing the isolates was found to be 73.08 per cent. The antibiogram study revealed that chloramphenicol and vancomycin were cent per cent effective. Cloxacillin, nitrofurantoin, pefloxacin and polymixin – B were also effective. Ampicillin and nalidixic acid were found to be least effective. The reliability of this method was found to be 96.15 per cent. Resistogram study revealed that maximum degree of resistance was noticed against barium chloride and potassium permanganate. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to antimony trichloride, cetrimide, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, iodine and potassium tellurite. The reliabiling of resistogram study was found to be 76.92 per cent. Production of haemolysin and resistance to antibiotics were found to be plasmid – mediated. Correlation between resistances to certain antibiotics and metal salts/chemical agents was also found. The plasmid profiling revealed only 16 isolates carrying plasmids. No plasmid was found common to in all the isolates. The maximum number of plasmids in an isolate was five, and this isolate carried both the largest and smallest plasmids. The reliability of plasmid profiling was 61.54 per cent. Conjugation studies revealed transfer of ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamicin resistances and beta- haemolysin production to the recipient. But alpha – haemolysin was not transferred. Protoplast fusion studies revealed the expression of only ampicillin, pencillin and streptomycin resistance and alpha – haemolysin production, by the biparental strains. Determination of Numerical Index of Discrimination indicated that antibiogram typing and all its combinations were having the maximum ‘D’ value of one. Plasmid profiling was having the least value, i.e. 0.862. So it is suggested that antibiogram typing and its combinations can be used in differentiating and identifying the staphylococci causing bovine mastitis, more accurately.