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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2006 × Start date: 2006 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigation on sudden death in pigs
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2006) Manjusha, A; KAU; Baby, P G
    Study of “Investigation on sudden death in pigs’’ was conducted in pigs from various pig farms in Kerala, where cases of sudden death were reported. In these farms around 12.4 per cent of the total pigs were lost due to sudden death. Post mortem examination were carried out in six animals. Clinical materials were collected from the forty-five contact animals and six apparently healthy control animals. Occurrences of sudden death were common in three to six month old piglets. Most of the animals died without any premonitory clinical signs. All these animals were fed with uncooked swill mainly containing chicken waste. Some of the contact animals showed clinical signs like elevated temperature, congested mucous membranes and diarrhoea. On cultural examination of the samples from the two farms growth of the gram-negative organisms were obtained. Transmission of these organisms to these pigs may be from the uncooked swill fed to them. On antibiotic sensitivity testing cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were found to be effective against these organisms. Leukocytoses with neutrophilia were observed in animals of group III where as normal leukogram observed in animals of group II. Serum biochemical studies revealed an elevated level of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransaminase in animals without any obvious clinical sign of illness, indicating involvement of heart in the pathological condition. Animals with obvious clinical signs of illness revealed an elevated level of lactate dehydragenase, indicating damage of the tissues. Gross pathology on post mortem revealed lesions in heart, liver, brain, lymph nodes and kidney. Haemorrhages in the heart were the major findings. Prominent histopathological changes were noticed in heart and brain. Heart showed varying degrees of inflammation, degeneration and necrosis. Stomach, intestine, lung, liver and kidney also showed pathological changes. For all the animals under study supplementation of mineral mixture containing vitamin E and Selenium were advised. Animals with clinical signs of illness were treated with cefotaxime. It prevented further mortality in these farms.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Electrocardiographic studies on arrhythmia in dogs
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2006) Ranimol, Antony; KAU; Usha, Narayana Pillai
    Study entitled “Electrocardiographic Studies on Arrhythmia in Dogs” was conducted in eight dogs. It was conducted to study the incidence and to delineate the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestation of arrhythmias in dogs. Out of 11,230 canine patients, cardiac disease observed in 0.22 per cent and arrhythmia observed in 0.07 per cent of cases. The parameters observed were signalment, history and detailed clinical examination, electrocardiography, radiography, echocardiography, haematology and serum biochemical assays. Dog between the groups of seven to ten years were more frequently affected and it was more commonly observed in males. Arrhythmia was recorded more in Dobermann Pinschers followed by German Shepherd, Boxer, Cocker Spaniel and Mongrel. The types of arrhythmia observed in the present study included supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature complexes, first degree atrio- ventricular block and right bundle branch block. In supra ventricular tachycardia typical ECG findings in lead II were morphologically abnormal P waves and very short P-R intervals. In ventricular premature complexes, typical ECG findings were wide bizarre QRS complexes and T waves directed opposite to QRS complexes. Prolonged P-R interval was the typical finding in first degree atrio-ventricular block. In right bundle branch block typical ECG findings were prolonged QRS complexes with prominent slurred S waves. The frequently observed clinical signs of arrhythmia were lethargy, weakness, exercise intolerance, cough and dyspnoea. Syncope and cardiac cachexia were also observed. Pulse deficits and haemic murmurs were also noticed in a few cases. Arrhythmias were noticed in association with cardiac diseases and secondary to renal diseases. Radiography and echocardiography were useful to find out cardiac chamber enlargement and mitral valve insufficiency. Haematological and serum biochemical values did not show any significant changes in arrhythmias.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonographic studies on gastrointestinal disorders in canine
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2006) Sindhu, K; KAU; Jayakumar, K M
    The study “Ultrasonographic studies on gastrointestinal disorders in canine” was conducted in 15 dogs to evaluate ultrasonography as diagnostic tool in gastro intestinal disorders. To assess and to correlate serum biochemical values, clinico-pathologic findings with ultrasonographic changes. The study included 15 animals with gastrointestinal disorders. Various parameters such as history, signalment, clinical, physical examination, ultrasonography, haematology, serum biochemistry were studied. Physical examination findings in dogs with gastritis were non specific. Ultrasonography could identify lesions in dogs with gastritis, enteritis, uremic gastropathy and gastrointestinal obstruction due to foreign body. In the present study, ultrasonographic changes in animals with gastritis were thickening of stomach wall with loss of wall layers. Dilated intestinal lumen with thickened wall layers was observed in animals with enteritis. In case of gastrointestinal obstruction due to foreign body the sonographic features are dilated fluid filled stomach and intestine with hyperperistaltic movements proximal to the obstruction. Ultrasonographic changes observed in uremic gastropathy were thickened stomach wall and rugal folds. Stress leucogram were recorded in dogs with gastrointestinal obstructions and uremic gastropathy. Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypocholremia were the electrolyte abnormalities in dogs with gastritis, enteritis, uremic gastropathy and gastro intestinal disorders.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Metabolic profile of hypogalactic cows
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2006) Reena, George; KAU; Baby, P G
    A study of the metabolic profile of hypogalactic dairy cows under field conditions was undertaken. Thirty cases of hypogalactic cows were selected and utilised for the study. Similarly, six healthy dairy cows maintained under identical environmental and managemental conditions constituted the control group. Samples of blood, urine and milk were collected and analysed for various parameters according to standard methods. Data collected from the hypogalactic dairy cows indicated a high incidence in animals of third parity which were around four to five years of age. The clinical data were within normal limits. Haemoglobin was decreased indicating a mild anaemia. Biochemically, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and calcium showed a significant decrease. Blood ketone body levels and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels showed significant increase. Serum magnesium and phosphorus levels did not vary significantly. The metabolic profile of hypogalactic animals revealed that hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoproteinemia and subclinical ketosis may be the possible causes of hypogalactia.