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19892
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 1989 × Start date: 1989 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative feed efficiency of crossbred jersey and crossbred brown swiss cattle
    (Department of Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Devasia, P A; KAU; Ananthasubramaniam, C R
    A comparative evaluation of the feed conversion efficiencies of crossbred Jersey and crossbred Brown Swiss cattle of Kerala involving a growth SLudv and a lactation stud} using eight heifer calves and six milch cows each for 28 and 14 fortnights respectively were carried out. While records 01 dailv feed intake water consumption, fortnightly data on bod\ weight, bodv measurements and monthly data on haematological values were maintained during the growth study, data on aailv feed intake milk vield, fortnightly data on composition of mill<, bod\ weight and haematolo gical values were gathered during the lactation stua\. Digestion cum-balance trials were carried out during the 14th and 28th fortnights respectively under growth studv and during the 11th fortnight under lactation studv There were no significant difierences between crossbred Jersey and crossbred Brown Swiss heifer calves in respect of their average daily dr\ matter and water consumptions, various body measurements, haematological values and digestion coefficients of various nutrients in their feed throughou the experimental period of 28 fortnights except that the average digestion coefficients of crude fibre in crossbred Brown Swiss heifer calves during digestion trial I was significantly nigner (P _/0.01) than that of crossbred Jersey Both the groups of heifer calves did not differ sigmficahtly in respect of heir average dailv consumptions of dr> matLer, gross energ} total digestible nutrients, digestible energy crude protein and digestible crude protein per unit metabolic body size (W / ). The feed conversioKB n efficiency values as adjudged m terms of quantities of dry matter, gross energy, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, crude protein and digestible crude protein needed per kg body weight gain in crossbred Jersey were 13.70+1.01 kg, 54.25_+3.13 Meal, 8.09+0.46 kg, 36.32+2.09 Meal, 1.83+ 0.10 kg and 1.10_+0.06 kg respectively and the same were not significantly different from the average values of 14.80_+1.06 kg, 61.47+4.47 Meal, 9.17+_0.68 kg, 41.19+3.00 Meal, 2.03_+0.14 kg and 1.24^0.08 kg respectively observed in the case of crossbred Brown Swiss heifer calves. Both the groups did not differ significantly m respect of average daily nitrogen retention of 18.48_+0.61 and 18.06_+1.02 g respectively during trial I and 17.90_+1.02 and 18.86+1.13 g respectively during trial II. 0 75 Milch cows belonging to both the genetic groups of crossbred Jersey and crossbred Brown Swiss not only maintained their body weight but also showed an overall average fortnightly weight gain of 1.44+0.14 and 1.71+0.06 kg respectively without any significant difference between them in this regard. They also failed to show any significant difference in respect of feed consumption, digestion coefficients of nutrients and nitrogen retention, the marginally positive nitrogen balance together with normal haematological values obtained in respect of both the groups indicated that all the animals were m good nutritional status. The average daily milk yields of 7.28, 7.06 and 6.43 kg respectively during the 1st, 7th and 13th fortnights in the case of crossbred Jersey cows were not significantly different from those of 7.07, 7.08 and 6.80 kg respectively in the case of crossbred Brown Swiss cows There was no significant difference between cows belonging to the two genetic groups in respect of their average daily consumption of DM, gross energy, TDN, crude protein and DCP per unit metabolic body size. The overall average consumptions of 5.76_+0.23 Meal, 0.76_+0.03 kg, 3.17+0.13 Meal and 103.45+4.60 g respectively of gross energy, total digestible nutrients, digestible energyand DCP per kg of FCM produced by crossbred Jersey cows including their maintenance requirements were not significantly different from 5.87^0.25 Meal, 0.77+0.03 kg, 3.28+0.14 Meal and 104.98_+4.60 g respectively of the same by crossbred Brown Swiss cows. The two crossbred groups of milch cows failed to show any significant difference in respect of their economic efficiency in terms of dairy merit as well as income over feed cost, the average values being 22.74+0.88 and Rs 39.20 per day for crossbred Jersey and 22.59_+0.89 and Rs 39.12 per day for crossbred Brown Swiss cows respectively. No significant differences were observed in the performances of crossbred Jersey and crossbred Brown Swiss cattle in respect of their growth and milk production when reared in the same locality under identical conditions of feeding and management.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on non-specific anorexa in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Baby, P G; KAU; Alikutty, K M
    Non – specific anorexia as a peculiar clinical syndrome in cattle was observed for the last one and a half decades in Kerala. Sample survey on the incidence of this syndrome was conducted through the selected veterinary hospitals in the field and of the Kerala Agricultural University. During the period of 1978 – 1982, anorexia syndrome in cattle constituted 10.95 per cent of the total and 32.30 per cent of their digestive disorders. The incidence of the syndrome was also noted high during the months of November to April every year. Ten apparently healthy cattle maintained under identical conditions of feeding and management at the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy were selected at random and used as the control animals (Group I) for this study. Twenty selected clinical cases of non – specific anorexia presented at the University Hospital, Mannuthy were divided into groups of ten each (Group II and GroupIII) and utilized for these investigations. Course of the disease was followed and samples of rumen liquor and blood were collected and analysed on the first, third and fifth days of their admission in the clinic. Inappetance, mucopurulent nasal discharge, dryness of the muzzle, followed by peeling of its epithelium, constipation or diarrhea, weakness, emaciation and also marked reduction in milk yield in the lactating animals were the clinical manifestations noted in the affected animals. Their rectal temperature was normal, pulse weak and rapid, respiration normal but sometimes labored and visible mucous membranes were pale or became icteric in the later stages of the disease. Rate of rumen motility was reduced and feeble in strength with rumination remaining suspended. Animals of group II were given conventional therapy comprising oral administration of alksline stomachics. Animals of group III were given 25 per cent dextrose solution and vitamin B – complex with liver extract parenterally and stomachics orally on the first, third and fifth days of their admission in the clinic. Rumen liquor of animals of groups II and III was light yellow, olive green or greenish in colour, aromatic / offensive in odour and thick/thin in consistency on the first day of observation. Protozoal motility was poor (+) to vigorous (+++) and sedimentation activity time was prolonged significantly on the first day. The mean pH of the rumen Liquor of these animals was not significantly different from that of the healthy group. Increase in the ammonia nitrogen level and decrease in total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor observed on the first day were significant. Blood glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in the serum were changed significantly in animals with non – specific anorexia. Significant changes observed in the above parameters in group II animals were further enhanced on third and fifth days of observation. In group III animals, a decrease in the ammonia nitrogen level and increase in the total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor observed on the third and fifth day of admission in the clinic was statistically significant. Blood glucose, albumin – globulin ratio in the serum were also increased significantly in group III animals on fifth day. Following modified line of therapy the animals of group III became normal within three to five days. Clinical improvement was indicated by increased appetite, revival of rumen motility and rumination and also increased milk yield in the lactating animals. Decrease in the ammonia nitrogen level and increase in the total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen liquor of group III animals were significant on fifth day of therapy. Increase in blood glucose, albumin, albumin ratio in the serum were also found to be statistically significant on the fifth day. The changes in the blood glucose, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and albumin – globulin ratio in the serum indicated hepatic insufficiency possibly responsible for the anorexia developed in the diseased animals. The modified line of therapy was found to be superior to conventional therapy for the clinical management of non – specific anorexia in cattle.